3 June 2010 Volume 465 Number 7298, pp 525 - 656
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Cardiovascular disease: Dual ACE inhibitor and chymase inhibitor
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EDITORIALS
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Wanted: an IPCC for biodiversity p525
An independent, international science panel would coordinate and
highlight research on a pressing topic.
doi:10.1038/465525a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=205&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Education ambivalence pp525-526
Academic scientists value teaching as much as research -- but
universities apparently don't.
doi:10.1038/465525b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=204&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mouse megascience p526
Mouse research for human diseases has grown, and researchers must
defend and promote it accordingly.
doi:10.1038/465526a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=201&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Geophysics: Glaciers going, going... p528
doi:10.1038/465528a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=200&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: Clouds with an H2 lining p528
doi:10.1038/465528b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: What's that whale? p528
doi:10.1038/465528c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=198&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanomanufacturing: Petite pottery p528
doi:10.1038/465528d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Physiology: Marathon metabolites p528
doi:10.1038/465528e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=324&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genomics: Transposition trends pp528-529
doi:10.1038/465528f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=326&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanoscience: Shifted shells p529
doi:10.1038/465529a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=328&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geoscience: Dam that water p529
doi:10.1038/465529b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=331&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Mighty termite mounds p529
doi:10.1038/465529c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=334&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Sound learning p529
doi:10.1038/465529d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=337&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p529
Petr Svoboda
doi:10.1038/465529e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=340&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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News briefing: 3 June 2010 pp530-531
The week in science
doi:10.1038/465530a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=320&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Financial meltdown imperils reactor pp532-533
Faced with a huge budget shortfall, Europe rethinks future of ITER
fusion project.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/465532a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=321&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Researchers track path of oil from rig spill pp532-533
Officials desperately seek answers on where the slick will head.
Mark Schrope and Janet Fang
doi:10.1038/465532b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=322&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Model stars set to explode pp534-535
Realistic computational models of supernovae might soon solve a
long-standing mystery.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/465534a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=314&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
US prepares for climate burden p535
National summit paves way for concerted action on global warming.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/465535a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=316&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biologists tackle cells' identity crisis p537
DNA fingerprinting scheme aims to make sure researchers are working
on the right cells.
Alla Katsnelson
doi:10.1038/465537a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=318&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Acupuncture for mice p538
Study hints at biological mechanism for alternative therapy.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/465538a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=319&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Fisheries: What's the catch? pp540-542
New England fishermen have mixed feelings about a programme designed
to allow overfished species to recover. Mark Schrope reports on how
catch shares have scientists fishing for answers.
Mark Schrope
doi:10.1038/465540a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Volcanology: Out of the ashes pp544-545
The Icelandic eruption has given researchers the opportunity of a
lifetime. Katharine Sanderson talks to scientists working around the
clock to study the volcano and its effects.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/465544a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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COLUMN
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World view: Defending democracy pp546-546
Government surveillance technology programmes must aim to protect
privacy and civil rights from the start, says Daniel Sarewitz.
Daniel Sarewitz
doi:10.1038/465546a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Budget cuts: funding needed for startling new discoveries too p547
Daniel M. Davis
doi:10.1038/465547a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=342&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Budget cuts: leaven the curriculum with a pinch of research p547
Peter A. Bednekoff
doi:10.1038/465547b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=344&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Budget cuts: company investment could help offset the shortfall p547
Gautam Sen
doi:10.1038/465547c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=345&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Protection needed for international species collections p547
Eduardo Bessa
doi:10.1038/465547d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=359&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Environment groups are not to blame for public complacency p547
Kevin Matthews
doi:10.1038/465547e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=354&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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OPINION
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Strategic body needed to beat food crises pp548-549
The system that oversees global agriculture and food security needs
an overhaul, says Joachim von Braun.
Joachim von Braun
doi:10.1038/465548a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=356&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Empowerment is key pp550-551
A plan to pull millions out of poverty while addressing climate
change fails to acknowledge the importance of dispersing power to the
people, explains Iqbal Quadir.
Iqbal Quadir reviews The Plundered Planet: Why We Must -- and How We
Can -- Manage Nature for Global Prosperity by Paul Collier
doi:10.1038/465550a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=364&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Excavating the puzzle of the Paris zodiac p551
Andrew Robinson reviews The Zodiac of Paris: How an Improbable
Controversy over an Ancient Egyptian Artifact Provoked a Modern
Debate Between Religion and Science by Jed Z. Buchwald and Diane
Greco Josefowicz
doi:10.1038/465551a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=366&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
More lab in the library p552
Jennifer Rohn, editor of the webzine LabLit.com, asks why so many
novels with scientists as central characters have been published
this year.
Jennifer Rohn
doi:10.1038/465552a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=360&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Condensed-matter physics: The emergent and hidden unveiled pp553-554
The appearance of an unexplained electronic state in the uranium
metal URu2Si2 at low temperatures has long puzzled condensed-matter
physicists. The latest experiment on the material sheds light on
the process.
Andrew J. Schofield
doi:10.1038/465553a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=362&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Apoptosis: Lack of oxygen aids cell survival pp554-555
In worms, neurons respond to low levels of environmental oxygen in a
way that protects distant tissues from stress-induced cell death.
The molecules that mediate this cell-cell signalling may be targets
for cancer treatment.
Jo Anne Powell-Coffman and Clark R. Coffman
doi:10.1038/465554a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=371&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quantum physics: Frustrated trio mimicked pp555-556
Quantum simulation is a promising tool for navigating the complex
world of many-body physics. The technique has now been employed to
simulate a frustrated network of three quantum magnets by using
trapped ions.
Hartmut Häffner
doi:10.1038/465555a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=373&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: How to don a coat pp556-557
Cargo-carrying vesicles can assemble from hundreds of locations on
the cell membrane, but how these sites are selected has been unclear.
A small family of membrane-sculpting proteins may select the perfect
location.
Linton M. Traub and Beverly Wendland
doi:10.1038/465556a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=368&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geoscience: Driving Earth's surface motions p559
Density variations within Earth's mantle may be a significant driver
of both horizontal and vertical surface movements. The fingerprints
of such mantle processes have been found in the Mediterranean region.
Rinus Wortel and Rob Govers
doi:10.1038/465559a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=264&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astrophysics: Young stars in young galaxies pp559-560
A fine marriage between galaxy data and theoretical simulations
offers an explanation for two apparently conflicting sets of
observations on the rate at which stars formed at early cosmic times.
Robert C. Kennicutt Jr
doi:10.1038/465559b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=265&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Organic chemistry: Symmetrizing the unsymmetrical pp560-561
You might think that the partial symmetry of the molecule
complanadine A makes it easy to prepare, but the reverse is true.
Two syntheses of this compound offer insight into how to make partly
symmetrical molecules.
Scott A. Snyder
doi:10.1038/465560a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p561
doi:10.1038/465561a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A: Cancer: Clues from cell metabolism pp562-564
Interest in the abnormal metabolism exhibited by cancer cells has
been reawakened by the discovery of oncogenic mutations in metabolic
enzymes, and by tools that monitor metabolism in living cells.
Existing and emerging therapies aim to target this abnormal
metabolism in various ways.
William G. Kaelin Jr and Craig B. Thompson
doi:10.1038/465562a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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REVIEW
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Nearby galaxies as pointers to a better theory of cosmic evolution
pp565-569
The relativistic Big Bang theory is a good description of our
expanding Universe. But -- as discussed in this review article -- a
still better theory would describe a mechanism by which matter is
more rapidly gathered into galaxies and groups of galaxies, better
fitting the observations.
P. J. E. Peebles and Adi Nusser
doi:10.1038/nature09101
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Imaging the Fano lattice to 'hidden order' transition in URu2Si2
pp570-576
A longstanding mystery in condensed-matter physics involves the
appearance of a 'hidden order' state in URu2Si2 at low temperature
-- an unexpected phase change that is accompanied by a sharp change
in the bulk properties of the material. The problem is related to the
appearance of a 'heavy fermion' state. Here, scanning tunnelling
microscopy and spectroscopy have been used to image the electronic
structure of URu2Si2 at sub-atomic resolution, revealing how the
hidden order state evolves with decreasing temperature.
A. R. Schmidt et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09073
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
HIF-1 antagonizes p53-mediated apoptosis through a secreted neuronal
tyrosinase pp577-583
When oxygen levels drop in a tissue, the transcription factor
hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is activated to regulate the cellular
response. HIF[alpha] levels are increased in most solid tumours and
this correlates with a poor prognosis, for unknown reasons. Here it
is shown that HIF-1, the worm version of HIF[alpha], protects germ
cells from DNA-damage-induced death. It does this remotely, by
increasing the production of the TYR-2 protein in distant neurons.
Inhibiting a human TYR-2 homologue promotes apoptosis in melanoma
cells.
Ataman Sendoel et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09141
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
A dicer-independent miRNA biogenesis pathway that requires Ago
catalysis pp584-589
MicroRNAs, which regulate gene expression, are transcribed as longer
sequences that are processed to produce the mature form. Two nuclease
enzymes, Drosha and Dicer, are known to act sequentially to trim the
microRNA to size. Here, however, a subset of microRNAs that includes
miR-451, important for erythropoiesis, is found to be processed
independently of Dicer. Rather, the Argonaute protein -- part of the
complex that aligns microRNA and messenger RNA -- carries out the
secondary cleavage.
Sihem Cheloufi, Camila O. Dos Santos, Mark M. W. Chong and Gregory
J. Hannon
doi:10.1038/nature09092
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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Quantum simulation of frustrated Ising spins with trapped ions
pp590-593
A network is frustrated when competing interactions between nodes
prevent each bond from being satisfied. Frustration in quantum
networks can lead to massively entangled ground states, as occurs in
exotic materials such as quantum spin liquids and spin glasses. Here,
a quantum simulation of a frustrated spin system is described, in
which there are three trapped atomic ions whose interactions are
controlled using optical forces.
K. Kim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09071
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
An entangled-light-emitting diode pp594-597
A quantum computer based on optical processes requires a source of
entangled photons that can be delivered efficiently on demand. Such
a source has now been developed: it involves a compact light-emitting
diode with an embedded quantum dot that can be driven electrically to
generate entangled photon pairs.
C. L. Salter et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09078
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ligand exchanges and selective catalytic hydrogenation in molecular
single crystals pp598-601
Chemical reactions at the interior of single crystals are likely to
be highly selective, but examples of single crystal to single crystal
(SC-SC) transformations are uncommon. Here, a series of SC-SC
transformations are reported that involve the interchange of multiple
small gaseous ligands at an iridium centre in molecular single
crystals of a pincer Ir(I) complex. The single crystal remains intact
during these ligand-exchange reactions, which occur within the
crystal and do not require prior ligand extrusion.
Zheng Huang, Peter S. White and Maurice Brookhart
doi:10.1038/nature09085
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Shaping mobile belts by small-scale convection pp602-605
Here, global mantle flow is computed on the basis of recent,
high-resolution seismic tomography, to investigate the role of
buoyancy-driven and plate-motion-induced mantle circulation in the
Mediterranean region. The findings show that mantle flow explains
much of the observed dynamic topography and microplate motion in the
region. Small-scale convection in the uppermost mantle may also hold
the key to understanding complex mobile belts elsewhere.
Claudio Faccenna and Thorsten W. Becker
doi:10.1038/nature09064
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=302&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The key nickel enzyme of methanogenesis catalyses the anaerobic
oxidation of methane pp606-608
Large amounts of methane are oxidized to carbon dioxide in marine
sediments by communities of specific archaea and bacteria. Indirect
evidence indicates that the anaerobic oxidation of methane might
proceed as the reverse of archaeal methane production from carbon
dioxide, with methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) as the
methane-activating enzyme. Here it is found that purified MCR from
Methanothermobacter marburgensis can convert methane into
methyl-coenzyme M, supporting the 'reverse methanogenesis' theory.
Silvan Scheller et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09015
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Population diversity and the portfolio effect in an exploited species
pp609-612
The value of having a diversity of species within an ecosystem is
well appreciated: species-rich communities are thought to produce
more stable ecosystem services. But population diversity within a
species is important too. Here, the effects of diversity in
population and life history in a heavily exploited Alaskan salmon
species are quantified. The results show that population diversity
increases the resilience of this ecosystem, and hence the value of
salmon fisheries.
Daniel E. Schindler et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09060
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Experimentally assessing the relative importance of predation and
competition as agents of selection pp613-616
What agents of selection shape creatures in the wild? The answer for
the brown anole lizard seems to be competition with its fellows,
rather than predation from without. Bird or snake predators were
included or excluded across six Caribbean islands that ranged from
low to high population densities of lizards. Although the presence
of predators altered lizard behaviour, it was increases in lizard
population density that altered the lizard's phenotype, favouring
larger size, longer legs and increased stamina for running.
Ryan Calsbeek and Robert M. Cox
doi:10.1038/nature09020
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The Ectocarpus genome and the independent evolution of multicellularity
in brown algae pp617-621
The genome of Ectocarpus siliculosis, a model for the study of brown
algae, has been sequenced. These seaweeds are complex photosynthetic
organisms that have adapted to rocky coastal environments. Genome
analysis sheds light on this adaptation, revealing an extended set of
light-harvesting and pigment biosynthesis genes, and new metabolic
processes such as halide metabolism. Comparative analyses are also
significant with respect to the evolution of multicellularity in
plants, animals and brown algae.
J. Mark Cock et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09016
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The role of mentorship in protege performance pp622-626
Mentors influence the future success of their proteges, but to what
extent do those proteges emulate their mentors? Here, one aspect of
mentor emulation is studied, namely fecundity -- the number of
proteges a mentor trains. Analysis of data from the Mathematics
Genealogy Project shows that although mentorship fecundity correlates
with success, those mentors who maintain a small fecundity go on to
train proteges with a larger fecundity. Moreover, the mentor's career
stage influences the eventual fecundity of their proteges.
R. Dean Malmgren, Julio M. Ottino and Luis A. Nunes Amaral
doi:10.1038/nature09040
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genome-wide association study of 107 phenotypes in Arabidopsis
thaliana inbred lines pp627-631
Here, large-scale genome-wide association studies were carried out
with the naturally occurring inbred lines of Arabidopsis thaliana,
which can be genotyped once and phenotyped repeatedly. The results
range from significant associations, usually corresponding to single
genes, to findings that are more difficult to interpret, because
confounding by complex genetics and population structure makes it
hard to distinguish true associations from false.
Susanna Atwell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08800
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Natural allelic variation underlying a major fitness trade-off in
Arabidopsis thaliana pp632-636
Here, a combination of forward genetics and genome-wide association
analyses has been used to show that variation at a single genetic
locus in Arabidopsis thaliana underlies phenotypic variation in
vegetative growth as well as resistance to infection. The strong
enhancement of resistance mediated by one of the alleles at this
locus explains the allele's persistence in natural populations
throughout the world, even though it drastically reduces the
production of new leaves.
Marco Todesco et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09083
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The folding cooperativity of a protein is controlled by its chain
topology pp637-640
Proteins often comprise domains that can be distinguished as
relatively separate regions in the three-dimensional structure.
Communication between these domains is important for catalysis,
regulation and folding, but how they communicate is largely unclear.
Here, single-molecule optical tweezers were used to pull on a protein
while monitoring the energetics of unfolding and refolding events in
disparate regions. By comparing topological variations of the same
protein, new rules of cooperation between domains were derived.
Elizabeth A. Shank et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09021
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
A novel and unified two-metal mechanism for DNA cleavage by type II
and IA topoisomerases pp641–644
Topoisomerases are enzymes that transiently make breaks in DNA, to
prevent the build-up of topological stress and tangles as the genome
is transcribed, replicated or repaired. Type II topoisomerases have
been postulated to use a two-metal mechanism to break duplex DNA.
Now, the structure of the DNA-binding and cleavage core of a yeast
type II topoisomerase has been solved, showing that the enzyme uses
a variation of the classical mechanism, and can also carry out the
type of cleavage performed by type IA topoisomerases.
Bryan H. Schmidt et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08974
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Affinity gradients drive copper to cellular destinations pp645-648
Copper is an essential trace element for eukaryotes and most
prokaryotes, but it has toxic side effects, so the levels of
intracellular free copper must be limited. Mass spectrometry has now
been used to measure the apparent Cu(I)-binding affinities of a
representative set of intracellular copper proteins involved in redox
catalysis, in copper trafficking to and within different cellular
compartments, and in copper storage. The results provide the
thermodynamic basis for the kinetic processes that lead to the
distribution of cellular copper.
Lucia Banci et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09018
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers Q&A
Essi Viding p651
Essi Viding, a developmental psychologist at University College
London, won the 2010 Wiley Prize in Psychology on 4 May from the
British Academy and scientific publisher Wiley-Blackwell.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7298-651a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=194&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Mentoring for success p651
The more students someone trains, the better the success of the
protégés.
doi:10.1038/nj7298-651b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=195&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
UK tuition rise needed? p651
Fees must rise for British universities to stay competitive,
says report.
doi:10.1038/nj7298-651c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Biotech tax credit p651
Companies will be eligible for cash if they create or sustain jobs.
doi:10.1038/nj7298-651d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Region
Polar projects p652
Conducting research at some of Earth's most remote locales requires
more than just a willingness to travel. Katharine Sanderson offers
a research guide.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/nj7298-652a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=191&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Sense of wonder p656
Memories are made of this.
Richard A. Lovett
doi:10.1038/465656a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
02 June 2010
Ecological interactions are evolutionarily conserved across the
entire tree of life
Jose M. Gomez, Miguel Verdu and Francisco Perfectti
doi:10.1038/nature09113
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
30 May 2010
Principles of stop-codon reading on the ribosome
Johan Sund, Martin Ander and Johan Aqvist
doi:10.1038/nature09082
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Relationship between nucleosome positioning and DNA methylation
Ramakrishna K. Chodavarapu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09147
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Phenotypic robustness conferred by apparently redundant
transcriptional enhancers
Nicolas Frankel et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09158
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=34941848&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ5NDE4MDIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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