1 July 2010 Volume 466 Number 7302, pp 7 - 150
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EDITORIALS
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A question of trust p7
It isn't enough to explain the facts of climate change very, very
clearly. Building public trust requires researchers to change their
practices.
doi:10.1038/466007a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Order from chaos pp7-8
Much tighter regulations are needed to reap the full benefits of
stem-cell treatments.
doi:10.1038/466007b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
When blogs make sense p8
Biologists and astronomers approach data sharing differently, but
both need better public outreach.
doi:10.1038/466008a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Ecology: Don't damage dingoes p10
doi:10.1038/466010a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer genomics: Prognostic sign p10
doi:10.1038/466010b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbiology: Independent living p10
doi:10.1038/466010c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: No planetary X-ray pull p10
doi:10.1038/466010d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Immunology: Gene plus virus p10
doi:10.1038/466010e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=123&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genetics: Gene plus gene pp10-11
doi:10.1038/466010f
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Organic chemistry: Trifluoro triumph p11
doi:10.1038/466011a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer genomics: Probing prostate cancer p11
doi:10.1038/466011b
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Neuroscience: Snakes on the brain p11
doi:10.1038/466011c
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Evolutionary biology: Meat-eating tadpoles p11
doi:10.1038/466011d
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p11
Marcelo A. Nobrega
doi:10.1038/466011e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=37&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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News briefing: 25 June–1 July 2010 pp12-13
The week in science.
doi:10.1038/466012a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
What will get sick from the slick? pp14-15
Nature investigates five of the Gulf of Mexico's signature species.
Melissa Gaskill
doi:10.1038/466014a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Space capsule probed for asteroid dust pp16-17
Hayabusa holds lessons for future sample-return missions.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/466016a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Strikes could 'break' Italy's universities pp16-17
Action by junior staff would cripple teaching.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/466016b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stem-cell furore erupts p17
Data analysis ignites public row.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/466017a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
G8 revisits maternal and child deaths p18
More funds pledged at summit for the two UN Millennium Development
Goals farthest from their targets.
Alison Motluk
doi:10.1038/466018a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Gas to displace coal on road to clean energy p19
Natural reserves pave way to low-carbon future.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/466019a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Strong medicine for French research p20
The medical-research adviser to France's president aims to shift
power and money to universities.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/466020a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p20
doi:10.1038/466020b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Profile: The field medic pp22-23
When emergencies happen in remote settings, field researchers can be
left with little recourse. Erik Vance meets a man trying to change
that.
Erik Vance
doi:10.1038/466022a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Climate science: An erosion of trust? pp24-26
Many climate researchers worry that scepticism about global warming
is on the rise. Jeff Tollefson investigates the basis for that concern
and what scientists are doing about it.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/466024a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=264&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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COLUMN
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Entertaining science p27
Efforts by the US National Academy of Sciences to popularize science
through movies will sanitize it as well, says Daniel Sarewitz.
Daniel Sarewitz
doi:10.1038/466027a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
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Advocacy groups and the economic value of medical research p28
Mary Woolley
doi:10.1038/466028a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Develop instruments to monitor volcanic ash fallout p28
Freysteinn Sigmundsson and Armann Hoskuldsson
doi:10.1038/466028b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Sino-European research ethics on the right path p28
Christoph Rehmann-Sutter
doi:10.1038/466028c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Gender agenda: sex bias can be justified in animal research p28
Brad Bolon
doi:10.1038/466028d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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OPINIONS
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Most people are not WEIRD p29
To understand human psychology, behavioural scientists must stop
]doing most of their experiments on Westerners, argue Joseph Henrich,
Steven J. Heine and Ara Norenzayan.
Joseph Henrich, Steven J. Heine and Ara Norenzayan
doi:10.1038/466029a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Climate class for business schools p30
Lessons on the risks and opportunities of climate change should be
directed at future executives, given that many companies rival
nations in greenhouse-gas emissions, says Genevieve Patenaude.
Genevieve Patenaude
doi:10.1038/466030a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Embracing an uncertain future p31
A history of climate modelling shows that forecasts that acknowledge
uncertainty will be the way forward, argues Myles Allen.
Myles Allen reviews A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data,
and the Politics of Global Warming by Paul N. Edwards
doi:10.1038/466031a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Books in brief p32
Joanne Baker
doi:10.1038/466032b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
A life both kind and strange pp32-33
W. F. Bynum reviews The Price of Altruism: George Price and the
Search for the Origins of Kindness by Oren Harman
doi:10.1038/466032a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Moving in elevated circles p33
Antonio Santucci's great armillary sphere reveals how patrons sought
immortality through science, explains Martin Kemp.
Martin Kemp
doi:10.1038/466033a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Masterly deceptions brought to light p34
Even the most prestigious art gallery has a few sham pictures in its
collection, and scientific techniques are increasingly able to
uncover them, as Daniel Cressey finds out.
Daniel Cressey reviews Close Examination: Fakes, Mistakes and
Discoveries
doi:10.1038/466034a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=11&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Atomic physics: X-ray laser peels and cores atoms pp35-36
The world's first kiloelectronvolt X-ray laser produces such a high
flux of photons that atoms can be 'cored'. In other words, the light
source can knock out both the electrons of an atom's innermost shell.
Justin Wark
doi:10.1038/466035a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=2&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Applied ecology: How to get even with pests pp36-37
Organic farming supports higher biodiversity. Research involving the
Colorado potato beetle shows that this increased diversity can
deliver a better ecosystem service in the form of more effective
pest control.
Lindsay A. Turnbull and Andy Hector
doi:10.1038/466036a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astrophysics: The supernova has two faces pp37-38
The variety of stellar deaths is less than we thought. A compilation
of new and archival data shows that two previously distinct subtypes
of supernova are actually two sides of the same lopsided coin.
Daniel Kasen
doi:10.1038/466037a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Autophagy: Snapshot of the network pp38-40
Autophagy is an essential cellular process for protein and organelle
quality control. Analyses of proteins that interact with the human
autophagic machinery provide an outline of the molecular organization
of this pathway.
Beth Levine and Rama Ranganathan
doi:10.1038/466038a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p39
doi:10.1038/466039a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer stem cells: Invitation to a second round pp40-41
Tumour cells are non-uniform. The question is whether a distinct
subpopulation of the cells drives tumour growth and generates
cellular variation. To answer this, the data must be interpreted
carefully.
Peter Dirks
doi:10.1038/466040a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=300&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Early life: Origins of multicellularity pp41-42
Interpreting truly ancient fossils is an especially tricky business.
The conclusion that 2.1-billion-year-old structures from Gabon are
the remains of large colonial organisms will get palaeobiologists
talking.
Philip C. J. Donoghue and Jonathan B. Antcliffe
doi:10.1038/466041a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=307&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Drug discovery: Pulled from a protein's embrace pp42-43
It is hard to predict how strongly a small molecule will bind to a
protein, but this is a crucial goal of computer-aided drug discovery.
A new approach models the forcible removal of molecules from a
protein's active site.
William L. Jorgensen
doi:10.1038/466042a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=252&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Statistical physics: Closing in on evaders pp43-44
A simple model highlights the pros and cons of chasing -- and
escaping -- in groups. It shows that, for a given number of prey
animals, an optimal number of predators exists that maximizes the
success of the catch.
Tamas Vicsek
doi:10.1038/466043a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Obituary: Richard Langton Gregory (1923-2010) p45
Cognitive scientist who excelled at communicating science.
Colin Blakemore
doi:10.1038/466045a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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REVIEW
----------------------
The polar ocean and glacial cycles in atmospheric CO2 concentration
pp47-55
Global climate and the atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide
are correlated over recent glacial cycles, with lower partial pressure
of carbon dioxide during ice ages, but the causes of the changes in
the partial pressure of carbon dioxide are unknown. Here the authors
review the evidence in support of the hypothesis that the Southern
Ocean is an important driver of glacial/interglacial changes in the
partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
Daniel M. Sigman, Mathis P. Hain and Gerald H. Haug
doi:10.1038/nature09149
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=257&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays
pp56-61
With the start-up of the first X-ray free-electron laser, a new era
has begun in dynamical studies of atoms. Here the facility is used to
study the fundamental nature of the electronic response in free neon
atoms. During a single X-ray pulse, they sequentially eject all their
ten electrons to produce fully stripped neon. The authors explain
this electron-stripping in a straightforward model, auguring
favourably for further studies of interactions of X-rays with more
complex systems.
L. Young et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09177
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chromatin regulation by Brg1 underlies heart muscle development and
disease pp62-67
Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with a decrease in expression of
the adult isoform of the molecular motor myosin heavy chain
([alpha]-MHC) and the induction of expression of its fetal isoform
([beta]-MHC). Here the authors reveal the mechanism regulating this
switch in expression, which impairs heart function. Cardiac stress
in adult hearts reactivates the developmental chromatin-modifying
complex Brg1/BAF, which interacts with histone deacetylase and poly
(ADP ribose) polymerase to induce a pathological
[alpha]-MHC-to-[beta]-MHC shift.
Calvin T. Hang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09130
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=223&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Network organization of the human autophagy system pp68-76
Autophagy is a cellular process by which proteins and organelles are
sequestered in autophagosomal vesicles and delivered to the lysosome
for degradation. Here the authors present a proteomic analysis of the
autophagy interaction network in human cells. Their results reveal a
network of signalling modules and extensive connectivity among
subnetworks. This global view of the mammalian autophagy pathway will
be an important resource for future mechanistic understanding of this
pathway.
Christian Behrends, Mathew E. Sowa, Steven P. Gygi and J. Wade Harper
doi:10.1038/nature09204
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Spatial organization of the flow of genetic information in bacteria
pp77-81
In bacteria, the lack of compartmentalization within membrane-enclosed
compartments has made it difficult to determine how mature messenger
RNAs are spatially distributed. Here the authors use fluorescence
experiments in bacteria to follow mRNA dispersal after transcription.
They find, surprisingly, that the newly transcribed mRNAs show
limited diffusion, and speculate that the packed chromosomal material
may itself act as a partition to separate translation from mRNA
degradation.
Paula Montero Llopis et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09152
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=235&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
An asymmetric explosion as the origin of spectral evolution diversity
in type Ia supernovae pp82-85
Type Ia supernovae form a class of cosmological 'standard candles', a
property that led to the discovery of an accelerating Universe, but
recent investigations have revealed that they are more complicated in
nature. Here the authors report that their observed spectral
diversity is a consequence of the random directions from which their
theoretically asymmetrical explosions are viewed, and that this
diversity is therefore no longer a concern in using them as standard
candles.
K. Maeda et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09122
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
A macroscopic mechanical resonator driven by mesoscopic electrical
back-action pp86-90
When electrons or photons are used to detect the motion of a
mechanical resonator, they exert tiny forces on the resonator, subtly
changing its motion. Here, through analysis of electrical noise
measurements, the authors report a striking example of such
back-action where electrons tunnelling through a semiconductor
quantum device cause vibrations of the host crystal, which is massive
compared with the electrons -- an effect comparable to a flea causing
metre-scale vibrations in Mount Everest.
Joel Stettenheim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09123
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Tailoring light-matter-spin interactions in colloidal
hetero-nanostructures pp91-95
Light-matter interactions in semiconductors hold great promise for
numerous applications, but as device size is reduced such
interactions typically weaken, potentially posing problems for
applications at the nanoscale. Here the authors circumvent these
limitations by producing colloidal particles with metallic cores and
semiconducting shells, in which coupling of the plasmons in the metal
to the excitons in the semiconductor is engineered to enhance
light-matter interactions in the particle.
Jiatao Zhang, Yun Tang, Kwan Lee and Min Ouyang
doi:10.1038/nature09150
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecosystem response to elevated CO2 levels limited by nitrogen-induced
plant species shift pp96-99
It remains uncertain whether added nitrogen enhances total plant
productivity in response to CO2-fertilisation in natural ecosystems.
Here the authors show that nitrogen addition initially enhances the
CO2-stimulation of plant productivity but also promotes the
encroachment of plant species that respond less strongly to elevated
CO2 concentrations. Overall, the observed shift in the plant
community ultimately suppresses the CO2-stimulation of plant
productivity.
J. Adam Langley and J. Patrick Megonigal
doi:10.1038/nature09176
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated
environments 2.1 Gyr ago pp100-104
Evidence for multicellular life before 1.6-1.0 billion years ago is
scarce and controversial. Here the authors report organized,
macroscopic structures from Gabon that date to 2.1 billion years ago,
have a consistent structure and seem to show evidence of
multicellular colonial organization. Coming not long after the rise
in atmospheric oxygen concentration, these fossils might be
considered harbingers of the multicellular life that drastically
expanded about a billion years later.
Abderrazak El Albani et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09166
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=302&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
The giant bite of a new raptorial sperm whale from the Miocene epoch
of Peru pp105-108
Modern sperm whales have relatively small teeth and feed by suction,
but the discovery of large teeth in the fossil record suggests that
raptorial sperm whales once existed. Here the authors report the
discovery of the teeth and jaws of a fossil raptorial sperm whale
from the Middle Miocene of Peru, almost as large as a modern sperm
whale but with a three-metre head and jaws full of teeth, some 36cm
long.
Olivier Lambert et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09067
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Organic agriculture promotes evenness and natural pest control
pp109-112
A survey of organic and conventional potato fields shows that species
evenness is greater under organic management. Replicating these
levels of evenness in a field trial shows that the evenness of
natural enemies found in organic fields promotes pest control and
increases crop biomass. This is independent of the identity of the
dominant enemy species, so is a result of evenness itself.
David W. Crowder, Tobin D. Northfield, Michael R. Strand and
William E. Snyder
doi:10.1038/nature09183
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both
innate and adaptive immunity pp113-117
The genetic basis of alopecia areata, one of the most common human
autoimmune diseases, is largely unknown. This study reports a
genome-wide association for this trait that implies the involvement
of acquired and innate immunity. Among significant associations are
the cytomegalovirus UL16-binding protein genes, which encode
activating ligands for the natural killer cell receptor, NKG2D, here
implicated for the first time in any autoimmune disease.
Lynn Petukhova et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09114
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
The male mouse pheromone ESP1 enhances female sexual receptive
behaviour through a specific vomeronasal receptor pp118-122
Although pheromones and their detection by the vomeronasal organ are
known to govern social behaviour in mice, specific chemical signals
have rarely been linked to selective behavioural responses. Here the
authors show that the ESP1 peptide secreted in male tears makes
females sexually receptive, and identify its specific vomeronasal
receptor and the sex-specific neuronal circuits activated during the
behavioural response.
Sachiko Haga et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09142
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=175&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Sensitivity to perturbations in vivo implies high noise and suggests
rate coding in cortex pp123-127
Neural responses are variable, but it is unclear whether this
variability carries important information or is just noise. Here the
authors characterize the sensitivity to small fluctuations of in vivo
cortical networks in rat barrel cortex in the context of neural
coding, finding that perturbations are amplified and cause an
increase in local firing rate. Simulations suggest that this
amplification leads to variations in the system that are pure noise
and, therefore, unsuited for carrying a reliable temporal code.
Michael London et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09086
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Spatiotemporal regulation of cell-cycle genes by SHORTROOT links
patterning and growth pp128-132
In higher animals and plants, the processes of growth and patterning
are coordinated. In this study, the authors study patterning in
Arabidopsis root and show that two key regulators of root organ
patterning directly control the transcription of specific components
of the cell-cycle machinery. This study provides a direct link
between developmental regulators, components of the cell-cycle
machinery and organ patterning.
R. Sozzani et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09143
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=304&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Human melanoma-initiating cells express neural crest nerve growth
factor receptor CD271 pp133-137
In this work, the neural crest stem cell marker CD271 is implicated
as a cancer stem cell marker, allowing identification and prospective
isolation of melanoma cancer stem cells.
Alexander D. Boiko et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09161
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=306&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
SCFCyclin F controls centrosome homeostasis and mitotic fidelity
through CP110 degradation pp138-142
Cyclin F is the founding member of the F-box protein family but its
functions are unknown; unlike most cyclins, it does not bind or
activate cyclin-dependent kinases. Here the authors identify CP110,
a protein essential for centrosome duplication, as a substrate of
Cyclin F. CP110 and Cyclin F associate on centrioles during the cell
cycle, and Cyclin F is proposed to limit centrosome duplication by
targeting CP110 for degradation.
Vincenzo D'Angiolella et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09140
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=301&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers Q&A
Leslie Vosshall p145
Leslie Vosshall, head of the Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior
at Rockefeller University, New York, this year earned tenure and a
promotion to the position of Robin Chemers Neustein Professor. She
tells Nature that the new post makes her eager to work harder and
guard against resting on her laurels.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7302-145a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=129&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Universities protest cuts p145
Emergency UK budget prompts action by students and staff.
doi:10.1038/nj7302-145b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
NIH peer review laid bare p145
Official video sheds light on assessment processs.
doi:10.1038/nj7302-145c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Call for more EU funding p145
University consortium recommends boosting basic-science spend.
doi:10.1038/nj7302-145d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=140&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Region
Mile-high dreams p146
The Denver area is trying to overcome the isolation factor and meagre
funding to excel as a bioscience hub. Laura Cassiday reports.
Laura Cassiday
doi:10.1038/nj7302-146a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=137&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
The end of God p150
It's just common sense ...
Shelly Li
doi:10.1038/466150a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
25 June 2010 near-final version
Negative plant–soil feedback predicts tree-species relative abundance
in a tropical forest
Scott A. Mangan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09273
First paragraph: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=210&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
PDF: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=211&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
30 June 2010
Allelic variation in a fatty-acyl reductase gene causes divergence
in moth sex pheromones
Jean-Marc Lassance et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09058
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Co-option of the hormone-signalling module dafachronic acid-DAF-12 in
nematode evolution
Gilberto Bento, Akira Ogawa and Ralf J. Sommer
doi:10.1038/nature09164
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Replacing underperforming protected areas achieves better conservation
outcomes
Richard A. Fuller et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09180
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
27 June 2010
Single-cell NF-[kgr]B dynamics reveal digital activation and analogue
information processing
Savas Tay et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09145
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=35385461&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzY3Nzg2MjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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