27 May 2010 Volume 465 Number 7297, pp 397 - 518
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Nature Chemistry � First anniversary highlights
To mark the first anniversary of Nature Chemistry, the editors have
put together their favourite articles from the first 12 issues.
The selection is free to view online until the end of June 2010.
Visit:
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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EDITORIALS
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Challenges of our own making p397
The successful transplantation of a synthesized genome highlights
unresolved ethical and security issues posed by synthetic biology.
doi:10.1038/465397a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
All at sea pp397-398
US agencies have moved too slowly in gathering key data on the oil
spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
doi:10.1038/465397b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
In the public eye p398
Society deserves to see a return on its investment in science, but
researchers need help to make their case.
doi:10.1038/465398a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Geomorphology: Underwater dunes p400
doi:10.1038/465400a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbial ecology: Bacterial pest killer p400
doi:10.1038/465400b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astrophysics: WHIMsically elusive p400
doi:10.1038/465400c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biology: A paper submarine p400
doi:10.1038/465400d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Brainy creations p400
doi:10.1038/465400e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biodiversity: Counting creatures pp400-401
doi:10.1038/465400f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=92&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genomics: Not-so-dark genome p401
doi:10.1038/465401a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Physics: Double-checking Einstein p401
doi:10.1038/465401b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Animal behaviour: Vibrations on a stick p401
doi:10.1038/465401c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biogeochemistry: Trouble down the river p401
doi:10.1038/465401d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p401
Oscar Marin
doi:10.1038/465401e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=37&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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News briefing: 27 May 2010 pp402-403
The week in science
doi:10.1038/465402a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Flood of oil, drought of research p404
Scientists frustrated as questions about the Gulf of Mexico oil spill
go unanswered.
Mark Schrope
doi:10.1038/465404a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=233&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Changes in Congress cloud prospects for funding pp404-405
NIH loses major supporter in the Senate.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/465404b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=231&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Synthetic genome resets biotech goals p406
The assembly of a genome that can 'reboot' cells of a closely related
species is one step in a much longer path.
Alla Katsnelson
doi:10.1038/465406a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=229&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
NIH set to tighten financial rules for researchers p407
Conflicts of interest comes under scrutiny.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/465407a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=227&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
How to rid reactors of uranium risk pp408-409
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty talks grapple with legacy of highly
enriched fuel.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/465408a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mouse project to find each gene's role p410
International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium launches with a massive
funding commitment.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/465410a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Airport security: Intent to deceive? pp412-415
Can the science of deception detection help to catch terrorists?
Sharon Weinberger takes a close look at the evidence for it.
Sharon Weinberger
doi:10.1038/465412a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=246&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Science funding: Science for the masses pp416-418
The US National Science Foundation's insistence that every research
project addresses 'broader impacts' leaves many researchers baffled.
Corie Lok takes a looks at the system.
doi:10.1038/465416a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
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Feeding China's growing needs for grain p420
Xiaobing Liu, Xingyi Zhang and Stephen J. Herbert
doi:10.1038/465420a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Changing climate threatens tropical rainforests too p420
Kwek Yan Chong, Chow Khoon Yeo and Alex Thiam Koon Yee
doi:10.1038/465420b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
European Commission responds to chemical testing story p420
Mark English
doi:10.1038/465420c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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OPINIONS
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Measure methane to quantify the oil spill p421
Plumes of dissolved gas could be used to determine how much oil has
leaked into the Gulf of Mexico, says David Valentine -- if the
studies are done soon.
David Valentine
doi:10.1038/465421a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Life after the synthetic cell pp422-424
Nature asked eight synthetic-biology experts about the implications
for science and society of the "synthetic cell" made by the J. Craig
Venter Institute (JCVI). The institute's team assembled, modified
and implanted a synthesized genome into a DNA-free bacterial shell
to make a self-replicating Mycoplasma mycoides.
doi:10.1038/465422a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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Sustainability through computing p425
A book promoting the use of informatics to help us live greener lives
could have been enhanced by following interactive design principles,
suggests Nick Salafsky.
Nick Salafsky reviews Greening Through IT: Information Technology for
Environmental Sustainability by Bill Tomlinson
doi:10.1038/465425a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A: Brian Greene on music and string theory p426
Brian Greene, author of best-selling books The Elegant Universe and
The Fabric of the Cosmos, is a theoretical physicist at Columbia
University, New York. As an orchestral work based on his 2008
children's book, Icarus at the Edge of Time, premieres next week,
Greene discusses black holes and how music might portray the physics
of warped space-time.
Jascha Hoffman reviews Icarus at the Edge of Time by
doi:10.1038/465426a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
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Palaeontology: A little Kraken wakes pp427-428
Fossils from the famed Burgess Shale continue to deliver fresh
perspectives on a dramatic episode in evolutionary time. The latest
revelations bear on the early history of cephalopod molluscs.
Stefan Bengtson
doi:10.1038/465427a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural biology: Piston drives a proton pump pp428-429
The membrane-spanning enzyme known as complex I couples the movement
of electrons to that of protons as a way of converting energy.
Crystal structures suggest how electron transfer drives proton
pumping from afar.
Tomoko Ohnishi
doi:10.1038/465428a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nuclear physics: Doubly magic tin pp430-431
By swapping the roles of the target and beam in an experiment that is
otherwise impossible to implement, researchers have confirmed the
doubly magic nature of the neutron-rich radioactive tin isotope 132Sn.
Paul Cottle
doi:10.1038/465430a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=2&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biogeography: Horned dinosaurs venture abroad pp431-432
The discovery in Europe of fossils of a small horned dinosaur, a
member of a group previously known only from Asia and North America,
will prompt a rethink of biogeography at that time in the past.
Xing Xu
doi:10.1038/465431a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Earth science: Our planet's internal weakness pp432-433
The influence of the region where the lower mantle meets the core
extends to Earth's surface. A computational study of mineral
properties shows one way forward in understanding this enigmatic
zone.
James A. Van Orman
doi:10.1038/465432a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer: A wolf in wolf's clothing pp433-434
Paradoxically, the CD95 receptor, a potent inducer of apoptotic cell
death, is expressed on most tumour cells. Surprisingly, it turns out
to be an important promoter of various cancers.
Douglas R. Green
doi:10.1038/465433a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p433
doi:10.1038/465433b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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G domain dimerization controls dynamin's assembly-stimulated GTPase
activity pp435-440
Dynamin is a protein that catalyses the fission of clathrin-coated
endocytic vesicles from cellular membranes. To carry out fission, it
must hydrolyse GTP. The mechanism by which it does so is unknown,
although it does require dynamin's GTPase effector domain (GED). Here,
the structure of a minimal GTPase-GED fusion protein constructed from
human dynamin 1 is presented. The structure reveals the catalytic
machinery and provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying
dynamin-catalysed membrane fission.
Joshua S. Chappie et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09032
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The architecture of respiratory complex I pp441-445
Complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, and is crucial to
cellular energy production: it couples electron transfer between
NADH and quinine to proton translocation. Here, structures are
presented of the membrane domain of complex I from Escherichia coli,
and of the entire complex I from Thermus thermophilus. It is proposed
that conformational changes at the interface of the two main domains
drive a particular 110-A-long a-helix in a piston-like motion,
tilting nearby transmembrane helices and causing proton translocation.
Rouslan G. Efremov, Rozbeh Baradaran and Leonid A. Sazanov
doi:10.1038/nature09066
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=143&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=11&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
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The construction of Chasma Boreale on Mars pp446-449
The Chasma Boreale is a large canyon -- 500 km long, up to 100 km
wide, and nearly 2 km deep -- that cuts into the north polar layered
deposits on Mars. Quite how it formed has been unclear. However, new
penetrating radar imagery has now been used to show that depositional
processes, rather than catastrophic events, were responsible.
J. W. Holt et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09050
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Onset and migration of spiral troughs on Mars revealed by orbital
radar pp450-453
A pinwheel array of deep troughs has been one of the most perplexing
features of the north polar layered deposits on Mars. Many ideas have
been put forward about how it formed, but there is as yet no
consensus. Here, penetrating radar has been used to rule out
erosional cutting as a mechanism for the formation of the array.
Instead, it is concluded that the troughs are largely depositional
in origin, and have migrated to the poles and upwards in elevation
over the past two million years or so.
Isaac B. Smith and John W. Holt
doi:10.1038/nature09049
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=145&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The magic nature of 132Sn explored through the single-particle states
of 133Sn pp454-457
Atomic nuclei have a shell structure that allows for 'magic numbers'
of neutrons and protons, analogous to the noble gases in atomic
physics. Knowledge of the properties of single-particle states
outside nuclear shell closures in exotic nuclei is important for the
fundamental understanding of nuclear structure and nucleosynthesis.
Here, a nucleon-transfer technique has been used to measure the
single-particle states of 133Sn, revealing the highly magic nature
of 132Sn.
K. L. Jones et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09048
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Distinguishing the ultrafast dynamics of spin and orbital moments in
solids pp458-461
The magnetism produced by electrons in a solid can have two
components -- the spin and orbital moments -- that are interchangeable
on femtosecond timescales. Here it is shown how rapid changes in these
two components can be disentangled, providing insights into the
underlying dynamical processes that could be of value for the
ultrafast control of information in magnetic recording media.
C. Boeglin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09070
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=141&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
First-principles constraints on diffusion in lower-mantle minerals
and a weak D[prime][prime] layer pp462-465
Here, first-principles methods have been applied to calculate
diffusion rates in the mineral post-perovskite under the conditions
found in the Earth's lower mantle. The results show that the
diffusion of Mg2+ and Si4+ in post-perovskite is extremely
anisotropic. This could render post-perovskite up to four orders
of magnitude weaker than perovskite, and might reconcile seismic
observations of a D" reflector with recent experiments showing that
the perovskite to post-perovskite transition is too wide to cause
sharp reflectors.
M. W. Ammann, J. P. Brodholt, J. Wookey and D. P. Dobson
doi:10.1038/nature09052
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=140&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
A Late Cretaceous ceratopsian dinosaur from Europe with Asian
affinities pp466-468
Ceratopsians -- horned dinosaurs -- were distinctive features of the
fauna of the Cretaceous period in East Asia and western North America.
There have been hints that they might also have occurred elsewhere,
but this has not been definitive, until now. The discovery of a
ceratopsian, Ajkaceratops kozmai, from what is now Hungary shows that
Late Cretaceous biogeography still has surprises in store.
Attila Osi, Richard J. Butler and David B. Weishampel
doi:10.1038/nature09019
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Primitive soft-bodied cephalopods from the Cambrian pp469-472
The 505-million-year-old Burgess Shales of British Columbia are
justifiably famous for the exquisite preservation of their fossils,
and for the extreme oddity of many of them. One such is Nectocaris
pteryx, which, from the few fossils available for study, looked like
a chordate fused with an arthropod. However, the collection and
examination of more fossils of Nectocaris suggests that it in fact
represents an early offshoot of cephalopod molluscs -- a kind of
squid, though with two rather than eight or ten tentacles.
Martin R. Smith and Jean-Bernard Caron
doi:10.1038/nature09068
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The mutation spectrum revealed by paired genome sequences from a lung
cancer patient pp473-477
Complete genome sequencing has already provided insights into the
mutation spectra of several cancer types. Here, the first complete
sequences are provided of a primary lung tumour and adjacent normal
tissue. Comparison of the two reveals a variety of somatic mutations
in the cancer genome, including changes in the KRAS proto-oncogene.
The results reveal a distinct pattern of selection against mutations
within expressed genes compared to non-expressed genes, and selection
against mutations in promoter regions.
William Lee et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09004
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=224&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Embolus extravasation is an alternative mechanism for cerebral
microvascular recanalization pp478-482
Uninterrupted blood flow through the small vessels of the brain is
essential for cerebral function and viability. Small clots that form
in the vessels can be -- but are not always -- removed by haemodynamic
forces and the fibrinolytic system. Here, a third mechanism for the
removal of emboli is described: the endothelial cells that line the
vessel walls send out membrane projections that envelop the emboli
and move them into the perivascular parenchyma tissue. In aged mice,
this process is markedly delayed.
Carson K. Lam et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09001
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ephrin-B2 controls VEGF-induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis
pp483-486
The protein ephrin-B2 is known to be upregulated during angiogenesis
-- the growth of new blood vessels -- but its precise function has
been unclear. Here it is shown that signalling through ephrin-B2
controls vessel sprouting. Mechanistically, ephrin-B2 seems to
function in part by regulating the internalization of vascular
endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs). The results indicate
that blocking ephrin-B2 signalling might be an alternative to
blocking VEGFR function to disrupt angiogenesis in tumours.
Yingdi Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09002
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ephrin-B2 regulates VEGFR2 function in developmental and tumour
angiogenesis pp487-491
The protein ephrin-B2 is known to be upregulated during angiogenesis
-- the growth of new blood vessels -- but its precise function has
been unclear. Here it is shown that signalling through ephrin-B2
controls vessel sprouting. Mechanistically, ephrin-B2 seems to
function in part by regulating the internalization of vascular
endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs). The results indicate
that blocking ephrin-B2 signalling might be an alternative to
blocking VEGFR function to disrupt angiogenesis in tumours.
Suphansa Sawamiphak et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08995
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
CD95 promotes tumour growth pp492-496
CD95 is a classical death receptor protein that regulates tissue
homeostasis by inducing cell death. Here it is shown, however, that
cancer cells depend on CD95 for optimal growth. Without CD95, the
incidence of ovarian cancer and liver cancer in mice is reduced, as
is the size of any tumours. So CD95 is a double-edged sword, and it
may be necessary to reduce, rather than enhance, its activity in
order to kill tumour cells.
Lina Chen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09075
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The PtdIns(3,4)P2 phosphatase INPP4A is a suppressor of excitotoxic
neuronal death pp497-501
The enzyme inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 4A (INPP4A) removes
phosphate groups from phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a key
cellular lipid. Here, a crucial role for INPP4A in maintaining the
integrity of the brain is described. Mice that lack this enzyme suffer
from neurodegeneration in the striatum of the brain, as well as severe
involuntary movements. When present, INPP4A protects neurons from a
particular type of cell death.
Junko Sasaki et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09023
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural basis of oligomerization in the stalk region of
dynamin-like MxA pp502-506
Dynamin is a protein that catalyses the scission of clathrin-coated
pits at the plasma membrane. The mechanisms of dynamin-catalysed
scission remain poorly understood. Here, the structure of the stalk
region of human MxA, a dynamin-like protein, is presented. A
structural model of MxA oligomerization and stimulated GTP hydrolysis
is put forward that has functional implications for all members of
the dynamin family.
Song Gao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08972
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=161&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Recognition of a signal peptide by the signal recognition particle
pp507-510
Nascent secretory or membrane proteins contain an amino-terminal
signal peptide that mediates their targeting to the plasma membrane
(in prokaryotes) or endoplasmic reticulum (in eukaryotes). This
peptide is recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP). A
universally conserved component of the SRP is known as SRP54 (Ffh in
bacteria). Here, the crystal structure of Sulfolobus solfataricus
SRP54 fused to a signal peptide is presented, revealing how the
signal peptide is recognized by SRP54.
Claudia Y. Janda et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08870
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers Q&A
Rafael Jaramillo p513
Rafael Jaramillo received the 2010 Rosalind Franklin Young
Investigator Award on 4 May from the Advanced Photon Source Users
Organization for his work on the fundamentals of magnetism at low
temperatures.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7297-513a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Tokyo top for science p513
Asian university rankings revealed.
doi:10.1038/nj7297-513b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Stem-cell grants launched p513
$27-million gift supports fresh round of grants.
doi:10.1038/nj7297-513c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Biotech bounces back p513
BIO convention sees boost in numbers.
doi:10.1038/nj7297-513d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers and Recruitment
Diverse opportunities p514
Denmark aims to attract international talent through new initiatives
and university reforms. Marta Paterlini outlines the strategy.
Marta Paterlini
doi:10.1038/nj7297-514a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=137&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Orchid agonistes p518
The sweet smell of the past.
Misha Angrist
doi:10.1038/465518a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
26 May 2010
Structural basis for 5[prime]-nucleotide base-specific recognition of
guide RNA by human AGO2
Filipp Frank, Nahum Sonenberg and Bhushan Nagar
doi:10.1038/nature09039
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Distinct FGFs promote differentiation of excitatory and inhibitory
synapses
Akiko Terauchi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09041
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure of the bifunctional isocitrate dehydrogenase
kinase/phosphatase
Jimin Zheng and Zongchao Jia
doi:10.1038/nature09088
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
23 May 2010
The folding cooperativity of a protein is controlled by its chain
topology
Elizabeth A. Shank et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09021
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=187&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=187&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Small mammal diversity loss in response to late-Pleistocene climatic
change
Jessica L. Blois, Jenny L. McGuire and Elizabeth A. Hadly
doi:10.1038/nature09077
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=34921633&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NzQ1NDU1ODQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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