Nature 18 March 2010 Volume 464 Number 7287 pp325-456

NATURE

18 March 2010 Volume 464 Number 7287, pp 325 - 456

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EDITORIALS
----------------------
Science in court p325
Academics are too often at loggerheads with forensic scientists.
A new framework for certification, accreditation and research
could help to heal the breach.
doi:10.1038/464325a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Handle with care pp325-326
Britain's Department of Health must respond to concerns about
electronic medical records.
doi:10.1038/464325b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Setting the bar p326
Europe's chief science adviser must be given authority and support
to deliver across the board.
doi:10.1038/464326a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Geoscience: Wind-blown ice p328
doi:10.1038/464328a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Materials science: Ultrathin fibres heat up p328
doi:10.1038/464328b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Palaeontology: Egg-stracting DNA p328
doi:10.1038/464328c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Neuroscience: Rats on the wagon p328
doi:10.1038/464328d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Virology: Infectious inheritance pp328-329
doi:10.1038/464328e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Conservation: Heavy metal history p329
doi:10.1038/464329a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=92&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Archaeology: Adoption or migration? p329
doi:10.1038/464329b
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Neuroscience: Memory reading p329
doi:10.1038/464329c
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Genomics: We are family p329
doi:10.1038/464329d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

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JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p329
Eran Segal
doi:10.1038/464329e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
News briefing: 18 March 2010 pp330-331
The week in science
doi:10.1038/464330a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Wildlife service plans for a warmer world pp332-333
US interior department seeks ways to save species threatened
by climate change.
Janet Fang
doi:10.1038/464332a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Sex bias blights drug studies pp332-333
Omission of females is skewing results.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/464332b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Hunt for the sterile neutrino heats up pp334-335
The elusive particles, if they exist, could help solve some of the
most pressing problems in astrophysics.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/464334a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Hobbit origins pushed back p335
Stone tools reveal that hominins lived on the Indonesian island of
Flores a million years ago.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/464335a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=245&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

China debates university reform pp336-337
Academics lobby for more autonomy, but fear losing powerful
connections with government.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/464336a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Cash crisis looms for vaccine drive p338
Rising demand for immunization programmes in developing countries
could outstrip funding.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/464338a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=281&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Science in court: Head case pp340-342
Last year, functional magnetic resonance imaging made its debut in
court. Virginia Hughes asks whether the technique is ready to weigh
in on the fate of murderers.
Virginia Hughes
doi:10.1038/464340a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Science in court: The fine print pp344-346
A single incriminating fingerprint can land someone in jail. But,
Laura Spinney finds, there is little empirical basis for such
decisions.
Laura Spinney
doi:10.1038/464344a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Science in court: DNA's identity crisis pp347-348
It may be the gold standard of forensic science, but questions are
now being raised about DNA identification from ever-smaller human
traces.
Natasha Gilbert asks how low can you go?
doi:10.1038/464347a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
COLUMN
----------------------
World view: What can little Europe do? p349
Scientists must engage with the European Union's redesign of its
research programmes to shore up the continent's competitive position.
Colin Macilwain
doi:10.1038/464349a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=252&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Tsunami: unexpected blow foils flawless warning system p350
Dale Dominey-Howes and James Goff
doi:10.1038/464350a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=37&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Tsunami: time for models to be tested in warning centres p350
Delilah H. A. Al Khudhairy and Alessandro Annunziato
doi:10.1038/464350b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Researchers' petition aims to simplify European funding p350
Olivier Kuttel and Sabine Herlitschka
doi:10.1038/464350c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Smoking out the big tobacco-users -- and they're not in China p350
Jie-Yu Chuang
doi:10.1038/464350d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Waterfall is the clue to a case of mistaken identity p350
William R. Dickinson
doi:10.1038/464350e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
OPINION
----------------------
Making forensic science more scientific p351
The US Congress should create an office to study, standardize and
certify those who apply science to crime as well as the techniques
they use,
urge Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck.
doi:10.1038/464351a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Tales from the climate-change crossroads pp352-353
Four books by prominent global-warming pundits illustrate that
exhortation and authority are not enough to solve the climate
crisis -- it is time for some humility, concludes Roger Pielke Jr.
Roger Pielke, Jr reviews Our Choice: A Plan to Solve the Climate
Crisis by Al Gore
doi:10.1038/464352a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

A misguided attack on evolution pp353-354
Massimo Pigliucci reviews What Darwin Got Wrong by Jerry A. Fodor
and Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini
doi:10.1038/464353a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

A macromolecular history p354
Richard Jones reviews Giant Molecules: From Nylon to Nanotubes
by Walter Gratzer
doi:10.1038/464354a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Q&A: Herve This on flavour and perception p355
French chemist Herve This is a pioneer of the field of molecular
gastronomy, the science of cooking. From perfecting the boiled egg
to making custards with meat proteins, he has advised top chefs
worldwide. He tells Nature why he is moving on to 'note-by-note'
cuisine using compounds to build taste and smells, and why turkey
is best cooked in the dishwasher.
Michael White
doi:10.1038/464355a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Correction p355
doi:10.1038/464355b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Spectroscopy: Expanding versatility p357
Gold nanoparticles coated with a thin layer of an oxide allow
molecules adsorbed on surfaces as diverse as those of platinum,
yeast cells or citrus fruits to be characterized routinely in
the laboratory.
Martin Moskovits
doi:10.1038/464357a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Drug discovery: Inhibitors that activate pp358-359
Inhibitors of RAF enzymes can suppress or activate the same signalling
pathway. The details of how this happens provide a cautionary note
for those targeting the pathway for anticancer drug discovery.
Karen Cichowski and Pasi A. Janne
doi:10.1038/464358a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Astrophysics: First generation of quasars pp359-360
The discovery of two quasars in the distant Universe that apparently
have no hot dust in their environments provides evidence that these
systems represent the first generation of their family.
Giulia Stratta
doi:10.1038/464359a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Multiple sclerosis: Closing in on an oral treatment pp360-362
At present, only injectable drugs are available for treating multiple
sclerosis. So clinical trials indicating that the drug fingolimod
might be a step towards an oral treatment for the disease are
exciting indeed.
Roland Martin
doi:10.1038/464360a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

50 & 100 years ago p361
doi:10.1038/464361a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=24&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Solid-state physics: Golden ratio seen in a magnet pp362-363
The golden ratio -- an exact 'magic' number often claimed to be
observed when taking ratios of distances in ancient and modern
architecture, sculpture and painting -- has been spotted in a
magnetic compound.
Ian Affleck
doi:10.1038/464362a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Cancer: A lower bar for senescence pp363-364
Cellular senescence is a physiological mechanism for thwarting
the proliferation of tumour cells. Encouraging cancer-prone cells
to senesce might therefore be a way to nip this disease in the bud.
Manuel Serrano
doi:10.1038/464363a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Evolutionary biology: Pregnant fathers in charge pp364-365
Pipefish and related species provide rare examples of extreme male
parental care. Controlled breeding experiments allow the resulting
conflicts of interest between female, male and offspring to be
explored.
Anders Berglund
doi:10.1038/464364a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Cell biology: Actin filaments up against a wall pp365-366
The front of motile cells is thought to be pushed out by branched
filaments of actin protein abutting the cell membrane. New work
challenges this textbook view, showing that actin branches grow
away from, or obliquely to, a surface.
Cecile Sykes and Julie Plastino
doi:10.1038/464365a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Inorganic chemistry: Pores off the peg p366
Neil Withers
doi:10.1038/464366a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Comparative genomics reveals mobile pathogenicity chromosomes in
Fusarium pp367-373
Fungi from the genus Fusarium are important pathogens of animals and
crop plants. Some have a wide host range, whereas others are more
specific in the organisms they infect. Here, clues are provided as
to how differences in specificity come about. The genomes of two
Fusarium fungi with differing host ranges have been sequenced, and
compared with the genome of a third species. Experiments show that
transferring two whole chromosomes turns a non-pathogenic Fusarium
strain into a pathogenic one.
Li-Jun Ma et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08850
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=301&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Skp2 targeting suppresses tumorigenesis by Arf-p53-independent cellular
senescence pp374-379
Cellular senescence -- an irreversible cell-cycle arrest -- has been
implicated in suppressing tumour formation or growth. A new cellular
signalling pathway that drives senescence has now been identified.
This pathway does not involve most known mediators of senescence, and
instead signals via the proteins Atf4, p27 and p21. Inactivating the
proto-oncogene Skp2 in the context of oncogenic signalling can induce
senescence through this new pathway, indicating that drugs that target
Skp2 might be useful in cancer treatment.
Hui-Kuan Lin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08815
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=291&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=256&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Dust-free quasars in the early Universe pp380-383
The most distant quasars known, at redshifts z [ap] 6, generally have
the same properties as lower-redshift quasars, implying that although
the Universe was young at z [ap] 6, such quasars are still evolved
objects. One z [ap] 6 quasar was shown to have no detectable emission
from hot dust, but it was not clear whether it was an outlier. Now, a
second quasar without hot-dust emission has been discovered in a sample
of 21 z [ap] 6 quasars. Moreover, hot-dust abundance in these quasars
builds up as the central black hole grows.
Linhua Jiang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08877
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

A transiting giant planet with a temperature between 250 K and 430 K
pp384-387
Of the more than 400 known exoplanets, about 70 transit their central
star, most in small orbits (with periods of around 1 day, for instance).
Here, observations are reported of the transit of CoRoT-9b, which orbits
with a period of 95.274 days, on a low eccentricity, around a solar-like
star. Its relatively large periastron distance yields a 'temperate'
photospheric temperature estimated to be between 250 and 430 K, and its
interior composition is inferred to be consistent with those of Jupiter
and Saturn.
H. J. Deeg et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08856
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=302&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

A trapped single ion inside a Bose-Einstein condensate pp388-391
Until now, quantum atomic gases and single trapped ions have been
treated separately in experiments. Now a hybrid system has been
investigated, involving the immersion of a single trapped ion into
a Bose-Einstein condensate of neutral atoms. The two systems could
be controlled independently and the fundamental interaction processes
were studied. Sympathetic cooling of the single ion by the condensate
was observed, hinting at the possibility of using these condensates
as refrigerators for ion-trap quantum computers.
Christoph Zipkes, Stefan Palzer, Carlo Sias and Michael Kohl
doi:10.1038/nature08865
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=304&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=230&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy pp392-395
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering is a powerful spectroscopy technique
that can be used to study substances down to the level of single
molecules. But the practical applications have been limited by the
need for metal substrates with roughened surfaces or in the form of
nanoparticles. Here a new approach -- shell-insulated
nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy -- is described, and its
versatility demonstrated with numerous test substances.
Jian Feng Li et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08907
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=225&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Isotope fractionation in silicate melts by thermal diffusion pp396-400
The physics of thermal diffusion -- mass diffusion driven by a
temperature gradient -- is poorly understood. One obstacle has been
that the Soret coefficient (ST, which describes the steady-state
result of thermal diffusion) is sensitive to many factors. It is now
shown that the difference in ST between isotopes of diffusing elements
that are network modifiers is independent of composition and temperature.
The findings suggest a theoretical approach for describing thermal
diffusion in silicate melts and other complex solutions.
F. Huang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08840
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=211&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Post-copulatory sexual selection and sexual conflict in the evolution
of male pregnancy pp401-404
Male pregnancy is restricted to seahorses, pipefishes and their
relatives, in which young are nurtured in the male's brood pouch.
It is now clear that the brood pouch has a further function.
Studies of Gulf pipefish show that males can selectively abort
embryos from females perceived as less attractive, saving resources
for more hopeful prospects later. This is the only known example
of post-copulatory sexual conflict in a sex-reversed species.
Kimberly A. Paczolt and Adam G. Jones
doi:10.1038/nature08861
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=212&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

ITPA gene variants protect against anaemia in patients treated for
chronic hepatitis C pp405-408
Worldwide, 170 million people are infected with the hepatitis C virus,
which is a significant cause of liver-related illnesses and deaths.
Standard treatment combines pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin
(RBV), but has some negative effects, notably RBV-induced haemolytic
anaemia. Here, a genome-wide study shows that a deficiency in the
enzyme inosine triphosphatase protects against haemolytic anaemia in
patients receiving RBV.
Jacques Fellay et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08825
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=213&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Targeted deletion of the 9p21 non-coding coronary artery disease risk
interval in mice pp409-412
Sequence variations in a 58-kilobase interval on human chromosome
9p21 have been associated with an increased risk of coronary artery
disease. However, this interval contains no protein-coding genes and
the mechanism underlying the increased risk has been unclear. Here,
the corresponding interval has been deleted from mouse chromosome 4,
revealing that this part of the chromosome regulates the cardiac
expression of two nearby genes, Cdkn2a and Cdkn2b, and the proliferation
dynamics of vascular cells.
Axel Visel et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08801
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=214&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

An intrinsic vasopressin system in the olfactory bulb is involved in
social recognition pp413-417
Peptide hormones such as oxytocin and vasopressin influence social
behaviour in several mammalian species. Here it is shown that a
population of interneurons in the rat olfactory bulb releases
vasopressin, and that vasopressin signalling is required in the
olfactory system for proper social recognition in rats. Although
vasopressin may not work in exactly the same way in humans, social
recognition mediated by experience-dependent vasopressin release may
be common.
Vicky A. Tobin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08826
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=207&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Differential innate immune signalling via Ca2+ sensor protein kinases
pp418-422
Plants and animals sense intruding pathogens by using proteins that
recognize diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and
initiate innate immune responses. Early signalling responses in the
host include calcium influx, an oxidative burst and transcriptional
reprogramming. Here, four calcium-dependent protein kinases are
described that function as calcium sensors, act as convergence points
for various MAMPs, and are crucial for transcriptional reprogramming
and oxidative burst in plants.
Marie Boudsocq et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08794
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=208&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Control of Arabidopsis apical-basal embryo polarity by antagonistic
transcription factors pp423-426
During development in Arabidopsis plants, populations of shoot stem
cells and root stem cells are established at the embryo's apical
and basal poles, respectively. PLETHORA genes are master regulators
of root fate, but the regulators of shoot fate were unknown. Here,
CLASS III HOMEODOMAIN-LEUCINE ZIPPER genes are identified as master
regulators of apical/shoot fate, and are shown to be sufficient to
convert the embryonic root pole into a second shoot pole.
Zachery R. Smith and Jeff A. Long
doi:10.1038/nature08843
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=209&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells
with wild-type BRAF pp427-430
The RAS-RAF signalling pathway is an attractive target for drug
development in oncology, and several RAF inhibitors are being tested
in clinical trials. Here and in an accompanying paper, RAF inhibitors
are shown to have opposing roles, functioning as either inhibitors or
activators of RAF depending on the cellular context and mutational
status of RAF. The mechanistic basis for these opposing roles is
dissected. The results have implications for the clinical use of
these inhibitors and for the design of kinase inhibitors.
Poulikos I. Poulikakos et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08902
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=210&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=173&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and
enhance growth pp431-435
The RAS-RAF signalling pathway is an attractive target for drug
development in oncology, and several RAF inhibitors are being tested
in clinical trials. Here and in an accompanying paper, RAF inhibitors
are shown to have opposing roles, functioning as either inhibitors or
activators of RAF depending on the cellular context and mutational
status of RAF. The mechanistic basis for these opposing roles is
dissected. The results have implications for the clinical use of
these inhibitors and for the design of kinase inhibitors.
Georgia Hatzivassiliou et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08833
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Mad2-induced chromosome instability leads to lung tumour relapse after
oncogene withdrawal pp436-440
Genomic instability has been implicated in tumour development. Here,
a new mouse model of Kras-driven lung tumours has been developed, in
which genomic instability is caused by overexpression of the mitotic
checkpoint protein Mad2. In this model, inhibiting Kras leads to
tumour regression, as shown previously. But tumours recur at a much
higher rate.
Rocio Sotillo, Juan-Manuel Schvartzman, Nicholas D. Socci and Robert Benezra
doi:10.1038/nature08803
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=217&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=198&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Encoding multiple unnatural amino acids via evolution of a
quadruplet-decoding ribosome pp441-444
Although new amino acids with desirable properties can be devised,
only a few have been successfully introduced into proteins by the
cellular machinery. Even then, only one type of unnatural amino
acid can be added to a given protein. Here, a new system has been
designed that could allow the incorporation of up to 200 novel
amino acids. The system involves an orthogonal ribosome that uses
quadruplet -- rather than triplet -- codons, as well as orthogonal
tRNA synthetase-tRNA pairs.
Heinz Neumann et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08817
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=219&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=189&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Structural basis for receptor recognition of vitamin-B12-intrinsic
factor complexes pp445-448
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential coenzyme in mammals, and is
taken up from the diet. The proteins required for its uptake are the
gastric intrinsic factor (IF) and the ileal endocytic cubam receptor,
which is in turn formed from the proteins cubilin and amnionless.
Here, the crystal structure is presented of the complex between
IF-cobalamin and the IF-cobalamin-binding region (CUB) of cubilin.
The structure illustrates how numerous CUB domains function together
as modular ligand-binding regions.
Christian Brix Folsted Andersen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08874
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=231&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers Q&A
Mara Mather p451
Mara Mather, associate professor of gerontology and psychology at
the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, has received
the American Psychological Association's award for early-career
contributions.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7287-451a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

In Brief
Institute forges ahead p451
Virginia research institute aims to recruit six to eight neuroscience
research groups.
doi:10.1038/nj7287-451b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

In Brief
EU students stay static p451
Universities and governments need better policies to help European
students work and study abroad.
doi:10.1038/nj7287-451c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

In Brief
Academics take salary hit p451
Recession has meant significant pay cuts for US faculty members
and researchers.
doi:10.1038/nj7287-451d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Careers and Recruitment
Beauty contest p452
For those who don't mind researching the tints, smells, sheens and
softeners that contribute to everyday cosmetic products, the
industry can offer a rewarding career path.
Alaina Levine reports.
doi:10.1038/nj7287-452a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Expectancy theory p456
Wishful thinking.
Ananyo Bhattacharya
doi:10.1038/464456a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
17 March 2010
Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history
underlying dog domestication
Bridgett M. vonHoldt et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08837
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Hominins on Flores, Indonesia, by one million years ago
Adam Brumm et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08844
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=141&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=141&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Analysis of Drosophila TRPA1 reveals an ancient origin for human
chemical nociception
Kyeongjin Kang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08848
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Genetic analysis of variation in transcription factor binding in yeast
Wei Zheng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08934
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Quantum ground state and single-phonon control of a mechanical resonator
A. D. O'Connell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08967
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Quantum mechanics: The surf is up
Researchers have long wanted to be able to control macroscopic
mechanical objects in their smallest possible state of motion.
Success in achieving that goal heralds a new generation of
quantum experiments.
Markus Aspelmeyer
doi:10.1038/nature08998
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

14 March 2010
The dynamic genome of Hydra
Jarrod A. Chapman et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08830
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Phosphorylation of histone H3T6 by PKC[bgr]I controls demethylation
at histone H3K4
Eric Metzger et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08839
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Molecular basis of infrared detection by snakes
Elena O. Gracheva et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08943
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

Vascular endothelial growth factor B controls endothelial fatty
acid uptake
Carolina E. Hagberg et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08945
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=34709979&r=MjA1NzcwMjE4MQS2&b=2&j=NjkxMTgxNTUS1&mt=1&rt=0

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