 | EMBO reports Volume 20, Issue 11 05 November 2019 |
Opinion
The fog of genetics: what is known, unknown and unknowable in the genetics of complex traits and diseases
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e48054 | First Published: 21 October 2019
A major task for genetics is searching for genetic variants associated with disease. But we may well be missing a large number of "unknown unknown" alleles in the "fog of genetics".
News & Views
An unorthodox partnership in DNA repair pathway choice
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e49105 | First Published: 23 September 2019
PRLH1, a p53‐suppressed lncRNA, promotes the initiation of HR repair by forming a stable RNA‐protein complex with RNF169 that supplants 53BP1 from DSB sites.
Holding open the door reveals a new view of polycystin channel function
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e49156 | First Published: 26 September 2019
A study in this issue provides evidence that PC1 functions as an ion channel pore‐forming subunit in the PC1/PC2 complex. The assembly with PC1 changes the channel properties compared to PC2 homotetrameric channels.
Science & Society
Biodegradation of waste PET : A sustainable solution for dealing with plastic pollution
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e49365 | First Published: 24 October 2019
The discovery of Ideonella sakaiensis, a plastic‐degrading bacterium, creates possibilities for a sustainable "bioeconomy" for recycling plastic waste.
Preparing scientists for a visual future : Visualization is a powerful tool for research and communication but requires training and support
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e49347 | First Published: 14 October 2019
The increasing complexity of biological data along with the need to communicate results requires visualization. It requires more training and support though to help scientists create efficient visual representations of their work.
Cities as evolutionary experiments : As cities and other man‐made environments encroach on natural settings, species evolve to cope
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e49401 | First Published: 28 October 2019
Cities exert strong selective pressures on plants and animals to adapt to urban life. They provide a unique testing ground for studying evolution in action.
The evolution of human endurance : Research on the biology of extreme endurance gives insights into its evolution in humans and animals
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e49396 | First Published: 21 October 2019
Research into the extreme feats of endurance that humans and some animals achieve has uncovered a range of metabolic and physiological adaptations along with their evolutionary origins.
Review
Open Access Emerging links between cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases—a special role for pericytes
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e48070 | First Published: 16 October 2019
This review focuses on how pericytes link cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and how recent insight into pericyte function might potentially be used for therapy.
Reports
Open Access 
HighlightMyc‐dependent endothelial proliferation is controlled by phosphotyrosine 1212 in VEGF receptor‐2
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e47845 | First Published: 23 September 2019
Previously uncharacterized VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y1212 promotes endothelial proliferation and vessel stability by a mechanism involving Erk1/2, Akt and c‐Myc dependent transcriptional regulation.
Open Access Elucidation of the viral disassembly switch of tobacco mosaic virus
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e48451 | First Published: 19 September 2019
Capsid structures of viruses need to be disassembled for releasing the viral genome. This study presents 1.9/2.0 Å‐resolution cryo‐EM structures of the helical plant virus TMV explaining the TMV disassembly switch mechanism.
HighlightSTAT3 but not STAT4 is critical for γδT17 cell responses and skin inflammation
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e48647 | First Published: 24 September 2019
STAT3 is essential to induce γδT17 cell expansion and cytokine production during skin inflammation and for the development of psoriasis‐like inflammatory diseases in mice, while STAT4 acts to sustain optimal levels of cytokine.
Articles
Open Access Cytolinker Gas2L1 regulates axon morphology through microtubule‐modulated actin stabilization
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e47732 | First Published: 05 September 2019
The actin‐microtubule crosslinking protein Gas2L1 stimulates axon branching and reduces axon outgrowth through microtubule‐modulated actin stabilization.
An LTR retrotransposon‐derived lncRNA interacts with RNF169 to promote homologous recombination
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e47650 | First Published: 05 September 2019
PRLH1, a p53‐suppressed lncRNA, promotes the initiation of homologous recombination repair by forming a stable RNA‐protein complex with RNF169 that displaces 53BP1 at double‐strand breaks.
Open Access The ion channel function of polycystin‐1 in the polycystin‐1/polycystin‐2 complex
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e48336 | First Published: 22 August 2019
Mutations in polycystin‐1 (PC1) or polycystin‐2 (PC2) cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The analysis of a gain‐of‐function mutant of the PC1/PC2 ion channel provided evidence for a role of PC1 in this channel.
Open Access Long non‐coding subgenomic flavivirus RNAs have extended 3D structures and are flexible in solution
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e47016 | First Published: 10 September 2019
Mosquito‐borne flaviviruses produce long non‐coding subgenomic RNAs that link to pathogenicity and immune evasion. This study presents 3D structures of sfRNAs from Zika, Dengue and West Nile virus in solution and provides insight into their functions.
R3hdml regulates satellite cell proliferation and differentiation
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e47957 | First Published: 16 September 2019
R3hdml is a satellite cell secreted protein, which is required for muscular development, differentiation and regeneration.
MAP4K4 associates with BIK1 to regulate plant innate immunity
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e47965 | First Published: 02 September 2019
The receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 serves as a central signaling hub during PAMP‐triggered immunity in plants. The kinase MAP4K4 targets and phosphorylates BIK1, thereby stabilizing the protein, and promoting BIK1 activation.
Open Access A new patient‐derived iPSC model for dystroglycanopathies validates a compound that increases glycosylation of α‐dystroglycan
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e47967 | First Published: 30 September 2019
Defective glycosylation of α‐dystroglycan is a pathological hallmark of secondary dystroglycanopathies that often affect the central nervous system. An unbiased screen identifies 4BPPNit that augments glycosylation of α‐dystroglycan as validated in a patient‐derived iPSC model.
Open Access NPC1 enables cholesterol mobilization during long‐term potentiation that can be restored in Niemann–Pick disease type C by CYP46A1 activation
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e48143 | First Published: 18 September 2019
NPC1 mediates cholesterol mobilization and CYP46A1 and AMPA receptor surface delivery during long‐term potentiation facilitating learning and memory. Treatment with the CYP46A1 activator Efavirenz can restore these processes in NPC1 mutant mice.
STK38 kinase acts as XPO1 gatekeeper regulating the nuclear export of autophagy proteins and other cargoes
EMBO Rep (2019) 20: e48150 | First Published: 23 September 2019
Cytoplasmic accumulation of STK38 kinase is essential for starvation‐induced autophagy. STK38 phosphorylates and activates the nuclear export factor XPO1, thereby supporting the shuttling of the autophagy regulator Beclin1 and other XPO1 cargoes to the cytoplasm.
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