EMBO reports Table of Contents for May 2019; Vol. 20, No. 5

May 2019 | Volume 20, Number 5 Submit Table of Contents Opinion News & Views Science & Society Reviews Scientific Reports Articles Corrigenda Volume 20, Number 5 Opinion Implementing an EU opt‐in mechanism for GM crop cultivation A proposal for implementing an opt‐in mechanism that would allow individual member states of the EU to cultivate genetically modified crops on their territory. Dennis Eriksson, Eugénia de Andrade, Borut Bohanec, Sevasti Chatzopoulou, Roberto Defez, Nélida Leiva Eriksson, Piet van der Meer, Bernd van der Meulen, Anneli Ritala, László Sági, Joachim Schiemann, Tomasz Twardowski and Tomáš Vaněk Published online 23.04.2019 News & Views Turning off the Wnt—a dietary restriction switch for healthy aging Dietary restriction extends lifespan and improves healthspan. A study in this issue reports that dietary restriction in C. elegans induces longevity through the mir‐235‐dependent suppression of Wnt signaling at the onset of adulthood. Anat Haviv‐Chesner and Sivan Henis‐Korenblit Published online 23.04.2019 Science & Society Medical philanthropy pays dividends: The impact of philanthropic funding of basic and clinical research goes beyond mere finances by reshaping the whole research enterprise Philanthropic spending for health‐related research has been increasing considerably. With this influx of money, philanthropies are reshaping the overall research system to accelerate discovery and development. Melissa L Stevens Published online 25.04.2019 A novel governance framework for GMO: A tiered, more flexible regulation for GMOs would help to stimulate innovation and public debate A proposal of a differentiated regulatory framework for genetically engineered organisms that can stimulate research and development while maintaining oversight and control. Sigrid Bratlie, Kristin Halvorsen, Bjørn K Myskja, Hilde Mellegård, Cathrine Bjorvatn, Petter Frost, Gunnar Heiene, Bjørn Hofmann, Arne Holst‐Jensen, Torolf Holst‐Larsen, Raino SE Malnes, Benedicte Paus, Bente Sandvig, Sonja Irene Sjøli, Birgit Skarstein, May B Thorseth, Nils Vagstad, Dag Inge Våge and Ole J Borge Published online 23.04.2019 Advances in stem cell‐based regenerative medicine: Despite setbacks and failures, therapies to replace damaged tissue are making their way into the clinic Although stem cell‐based regenerative medicine has been haunted by scandals and setbacks, scientists have been persistently making progress towards clinical applications and new therapies. Philip Hunter Published online 08.04.2019 Reviews Shieldin – the protector of DNA ends How 53BP1 shields DNA ends from resection has been a mystery. This review summarizes the recent discovery of the protein complex shieldin, and how it promotes 53BP1 activities, such as DNA end protection, NHEJ and Ig class switching. Dheva Setiaputra and Daniel Durocher Published online 04.04.2019 Hypoxia and the regulation of myeloid cell metabolic imprinting: consequences for the inflammatory response Infected tissues show significant oxygen and nutrient deprivation, and HIF pathway proteins are critical regulators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. This review discusses roles of hypoxia in innate metabolic reprogramming, and how it impacts on immune reactions. Pranvera Sadiku and Sarah R Walmsley Published online 14.03.2019 Scientific Reports FET family fusion oncoproteins target the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex N‐terminal parts of FET proteins and their oncogenic fusion variants interact with the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Deregulation of SWI/SNF is a unifying pathogenic mechanism for tumors caused by FET fusion oncoproteins. Malin Lindén, Christer Thomsen, Pernilla Grundevik, Emma Jonasson, Daniel Andersson, Rikard Runnberg, Soheila Dolatabadi, Christoffer Vannas, Manuel Luna Santamarίa, Henrik Fagman, Anders Ståhlberg and Pierre Åman Published online 08.04.2019 High‐resolution archaellum structure reveals a conserved metal‐binding site Archaella are similar in function to their bacterial counterparts, though their structures are fundamentally different. X‐ray crystallography and cryo‐EM reveal a conserved metal binding site in Methanococcus archaella that is widespread among archaea. Vladimir A Meshcheryakov, Satoshi Shibata, Makoto Tokoro Schreiber, Alejandro Villar‐Briones, Kenneth F Jarrell, Shin‐Ichi Aizawa and Matthias Wolf Published online 21.03.2019 Retinoic acid‐induced autoantigen‐specific type 1 regulatory T cells suppress autoimmunity Immunization of mice with an autoantigen, formulated with retinoic acid and IL‐2 as adjuvants, promotes the induction of antigen‐specific type 1 Tregs (Tr1). These Tr1 cells prevent autoimmunity mediated by Th1 and Th17 T cells. Mathilde Raverdeau, Maria Christofi, Anna Malara, Mieszko M Wilk, Alicja Misiak, Lucia Kuffova, Tian Yu, Aoife M McGinley, Shauna M Quinn, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Jay Reddy, John V Forrester and Kingston HG Mills Published online 20.03.2019 Structural basis of HEAT‐kleisin interactions in the human condensin I subcomplex Condensin I has a central role in mitotic chromosome assembly and segregation. The crystal structure of a human condensin I subcomplex reveals that the interaction between hCAP‐G and hCAP‐H is essential for mitotic chromosome assembly and DNA binding. Kodai Hara, Kazuhisa Kinoshita, Tomoko Migita, Kei Murakami, Kenichiro Shimizu, Kozo Takeuchi, Tatsuya Hirano and Hiroshi Hashimoto Published online 11.03.2019 DPPA2 and DPPA4 are necessary to establish a 2C‐like state in mouse embryonic stem cells DPPA2 and DPPA4 promote Dux and LINE‐1 expression in mESCs, generating a transcriptional program similar to zygotic genome activation. Alberto De Iaco, Alexandre Coudray, Julien Duc and Didier Trono Published online 04.04.2019 Articles KMT1 family methyltransferases regulate heterochromatin–nuclear periphery tethering via histone and non‐histone protein methylation EHMTs methylate LMNB1 to regulate its stability and localization and to promote heterochromatin assembly at the nuclear periphery. Depletion of EHMTs during physiological aging results in loss of heterochromatin organization in aged cells. Radhika Arasala Rao, Alhad Ashok Ketkar, Neelam Kedia, Vignesh K Krishnamoorthy, Vairavan Lakshmanan, Pankaj Kumar, Abhishek Mohanty, Shilpa Dilip Kumar, Sufi O Raja, Akash Gulyani, Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi, Marjorie Brand, Dasaradhi Palakodeti and Shravanti Rampalli Published online 11.03.2019 A microRNA switch controls dietary restriction‐induced longevity through Wnt signaling Dietary restriction (DR) inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway specifically at the onset of adulthood in C. elegans via upregulating miR‐235. These results indicate a temporal regulation of Wnt signaling to maximize the benefits on longevity while circumventing any interference with development. Yunpeng Xu, Zhidong He, Mengjiao Song, Yifei Zhou and Yidong Shen Published online 14.03.2019 Poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation of BRD7 by PARP1 confers resistance to DNA‐damaging chemotherapeutic agents PARP1 promotes the PARylation and degradation of the tumor suppressor BRD7 thereby enhancing survival of cancer cells in response to DNA‐damaging agents. Kaishun Hu, Wenjing Wu, Yu Li, Lehang Lin, Dong Chen, Haiyan Yan, Xing Xiao, Hengxing Chen, Zhen Chen, Yin Zhang, Shuangbing Xu, Yabin Guo, H Phillip Koeffler, Erwei Song and Dong Yin Published online 02.04.2019 Parkin controls brown adipose tissue plasticity in response to adaptive thermogenesis Parkin, a key protein in mitochondrial homeostasis, promotes the adaptive physiological plasticity of brown adipose tissue in response to thermogenic challenges. Montserrat Cairó, Laura Campderrós, Aleix Gavaldà‐Navarro, Rubén Cereijo, Alejandro Delgado‐Anglés, Tania Quesada‐López, Marta Giralt, Joan Villarroya and Francesc Villarroya Published online 13.03.2019 SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling controls Notch‐responsive enhancer accessibility Activation of Notch signaling is accompanied by increased nucleosome turnover and chromatin accessibility at target enhancers. This is mediated by SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling and is essential for Notch‐responsive transcription. Zoe Pillidge and Sarah J Bray Published online 26.03.2019 Zebrafish facial lymphatics develop through sequential addition of venous and non‐venous progenitors The zebrafish facial lymphatics have three progenitor populations; one of these is non‐venous in origin and arises from a late‐forming angioblast population. This is the first time a non‐venous lymphatic progenitor has been described using live cell imaging. Tiffany CY Eng, Wenxuan Chen, Kazuhide S Okuda, June P Misa, Yvonne Padberg, Kathryn E Crosier, Philip S Crosier, Christopher J Hall, Stefan Schulte‐Merker, Benjamin M Hogan and Jonathan W Astin Published online 15.03.2019 ADAR1 promotes robust hypoxia signaling via distinct regulation of multiple HIF‐1α‐inhibiting factors The RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 inhibits two negative regulators of HIF‐1A, HIF1A‐AS2 and LIMD1, by distinct mechanisms and preserves timely HIF‐1α signalling under hypoxic stress. Chung‐Pei Ma, Hsuan Liu, Ian Yi‐Feng Chang, Wan‐Cheng Wang, Yi‐Tung Chen, Shao‐Min Wu, Hui‐Wen Chen, Yu‐Ping Kuo, Chieh‐Tien Shih, Chuan‐Yun Li and Bertrand Chin‐Ming Tan Published online 04.04.2019 Corrigenda Netrin‐1/DCC‐mediated PLCγ1 activation is required for axon guidance and brain structure development Du‐Seock Kang, Yong Ryoul Yang, Cheol Lee, BumWoo Park, Kwang Il Park, Jeong Kon Seo, Young Kyo Seo, HyungJoon Cho, Lucio Cocco and Pann‐Ghill Suh Published online 06.05.2019 Signal peptide peptidase‐like 2c impairs vesicular transport and cleaves SNARE proteins Alkmini A Papadopoulou, Stephan A Müller, Torben Mentrup, Merav D Shmueli, Johannes Niemeyer, Martina Haug‐Kröper, Julia von Blume, Artur Mayerhofer, Regina Feederle, Bernd Schröder, Stefan F Lichtenthaler and Regina Fluhrer Published online 06.05.2019   Unsubscribe from or edit your subscription for this service. Copyright © 2019 by the European Molecular Biology Organisation.