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Democratizing Simulation - Roundtable Webinar
Tuesday, March 26 – 2:00PM EDT
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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for March 20, 2019:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Astronomy & Space news
 | Giant X-ray 'chimneys' are exhaust vents for vast energies produced at Milky Way's centerThe center of our galaxy is a frenzy of activity. A behemoth black hole—4 million times as massive as the sun—blasts out energy as it chows down on interstellar detritus while neighboring stars burst to life and subsequently explode. |
 | NASA's Mars 2020 rover is put to the testIn a little more than seven minutes in the early afternoon of Feb. 18, 2021, NASA's Mars 2020 rover will execute about 27,000 actions and calculations as it speeds through the hazardous transition from the edge of space to Mars' Jezero Crater. While that will be the first time the wheels of the 2,314-pound (1,050-kilogram) rover touch the Red Planet, the vehicle's network of processors, sensors and transmitters will, by then, have successfully simulated touchdown at Jezero many times before. |
 | A decade on, smartphone-like software finally heads to spaceOnce a traditional satellite is launched into space, its physical hardware and computer software stay mostly immutable for the rest of its existence as it orbits the Earth, even as the technology it serves on the ground continues to change. |
 | Image: BioRock and rollThis fluorescent work of art captures the beauty of biofilms, or the growth of microbes on rocks. In this microscopic image, Sphingomonas desiccabilis is growing on basalt. |
 | Spot failed Soviet Venus probe Kosmos 482 in Earth orbitA ghost from the old Soviet space program may return to Earth in the coming years. Mimicking a campy episode of the '70s series The Six Million Dollar Man, a Soviet Venus lander stranded in Earth orbit will eventually reenter the atmosphere, perhaps as early as late 2019. Fortunately, this isn't the "Venus death probe" that the bionic man Steve Austin had to defeat, but Kosmos 482 is part of a fascinating forgotten era of the Space Age, and one you can track down in the night sky, with a little skill and patience. |
 | Beresheet lunar landing site revealedThe main scientific instrument on board the Israeli Beresheet spacecraft, the SpaceIL Magnetometer (SILMAG), has now been successfully turned on in space and data returned to Earth. After its successful launch, Beresheet is circling Earth on its journey to the Moon. Prof. Oded Aharonson of the Weizmann Institute of Science is heading the team that is currently analyzing the SILMAG information to evaluate the health and accuracy of the instrument in space, as well as recording the magnetic signature of the spacecraft itself, which will then be subtracted from the measurements made on the Moon. |
 | Taking gravity from strength to strengthTen years ago, ESA launched one of its most innovative satellites. GOCE spent four years measuring a fundamental force of nature: gravity. This extraordinary mission not only yielded new insights into our gravity field, but led to some amazing discoveries about our planet, from deep below the surface to high up in the atmosphere and beyond. And, this remarkable mission continues to realise new science today. |
Technology news
 | A new approach to discover visual patterns in art collectionsResearchers at UC Berkeley and Ecole des Ponts Paris Tech have recently developed a deep learning approach for discovering recurring visual patterns in art collections. Their paper, pre-published on arXiv, will be presented at CVPR 2019, a renowned computer vision event in June. |
 | 'Particle robot' works as a cluster of simple unitsTaking a cue from biological cells, researchers from MIT, Columbia University, and elsewhere have developed computationally simple robots that connect in large groups to move around, transport objects, and complete other tasks. |
 | Computer scientists create programmable self-assembling DNAComputer scientists at University of California, Davis, Maynooth University in Ireland and the California Institute of Technology have created DNA molecules that can self-assemble into patterns essentially by running their own program. The work is published March 21 in the journal Nature. |
 | MIT team's picking and placing system is on another levelIf you look at this pick and place robot you promptly see why it is a big deal—not so much for dexterity and fine movement, although the robot scores in both, but just because it is so clever. |
 | Brain-inspired AI inspires insights about the brain (and vice versa)Can artificial intelligence (AI) help us understand how the brain understands language? Can neuroscience help us understand why AI and neural networks are effective at predicting human perception? |
 | Google unveils search changes to placate EUGoogle on Tuesday unveiled a series of tweaks to its European search engine results in an effort to avoid further fines from the EU's top anti-trust regulator. |
 | Instagram moves into e-commerce with shopping buttonFacebook-owned Instagram on Tuesday made a move into potentially lucrative e-commerce by adding an option to buy products shown off in posts by selected brands. |
 | Boeing 737 MAX: After two fatal crashes, an expert explains the issuesThe Boeing 737 is the most produced commercial aeroplane in history: over 10,000 have been built since it first flew in 1967, with thousands more on order. Even the UK's Royal Air Force is to put them into service as the P8a Poseidon. |
 | Researchers teach neural networks to determine crowd emotionsScholars from the Higher School Of Economics have developed an algorithm that detects emotions in a group of people on a low-quality video. The solution provides a final decision in just one hundredth of a second, which is faster than any other existing algorithms with similar accuracy. The results have been described in the paper 'Emotion Recognition of a Group of People in Video Analytics Using Deep Off-the-Shelf Image Embeddings.' |
 | Supercomputers to help supercharge ceramic matrix composite manufacturingNew software capabilities developed by computational scientists at the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Rolls Royce Corporation could soon help engineers lift the gas turbine engines of aircraft and power plants to higher efficiencies. |
 | BMW warns profits will fall due to costs, trade uncertaintyGerman automaker BMW said Wednesday that profits in 2019 would be "well below" last year's and that it planned to cut 12 billion euros ($13.6 billion) in costs by the end of 2022 to offset spending on new technology. |
 | Study analyzes pre-installed software on Android devices and its privacy risks for usersUniversidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) and the IMDEA Networks Institute, in collaboration with the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) at Berkeley (USA) and Stony Brook University of New York (USA), have carried out a study that encompasses 82,000 pre-installed apps in more than 1,700 devices manufactured by 214 brands, revealing the existence of a complex ecosystem of manufacturers, mobile operators, app developers and providers, with a wide network of relationships between them. This includes specialized organizations in user monitoring and tracking and in providing Internet advertising. Many of the pre-installed apps facilitate access to privileged data and resources, without the average user being aware of their presence or being able to uninstall them. |
 | Autonomous transport will shape the future of cities – best get on the right path earlyA unique opportunity exists for infrastructure investment in Australia as transport as we know it faces disruption from autonomous vehicles. |
 | Electric vehicles as an example of a market failureElectric vehicle revolution is well under way. Norway ambitiously heads toward having all new cars sold as zero-emission by 2025. China continues to be one of the major drivers of EV boom. The US market experiences strong growth, driven by models from Tesla, Chevrolet and Nissan. The United Kingdom and France have announced they would ban new petrol and diesel vehicles sales by 2040. |
 | Virtual cleanroom could increase safety, minimize risks, reduce education costs for pharmaceutical professionalsA deadly meningitis outbreak linked to a Massachusetts pharmaceutical lab has drawn new interest to the way drugs are made in the United States and the training for those who work in pharmacies. |
 | Europe fines Google $1.7 billion in antitrust case (Update)Europe's antitrust regulators slapped Google with a big fine Wednesday for the third time in less than two years, ordering the tech giant to pay 1.49 billion euros ($1.7 billion) for freezing out rivals in the online advertising business. |
 | Ford repackages investment, boosts new jobs from 850 to 900Ford Motor Co. is repackaging a previously announced $900 million manufacturing investment in the Detroit area, boosting the number of jobs added from 850 to 900. |
 | Electric shift prompts belt-tightening for German carmakersGerman carmakers are increasingly turning to electric vehicles to master tough new emissions limits looming in the EU, but the shift away from internal combustion engines will entail years of lower margins and profits, cost cutting and job losses. |
 | Supreme Court: Google class-action case should be revisitedThe Supreme Court on Wednesday directed a lower court to take another look at a lawsuit that involved Google and privacy concerns and ended in a class-action settlement. |
 | Lithuanian man pleads guilty in $100M internet fraud caseA Lithuanian man who duped Google and Facebook into transferring over $100 million into accounts he controlled has pleaded guilty to wire fraud. |
 | Toilet seat that detects congestive heart failure getting ready to begin commercializationWith 1 million new cases of congestive heart failure diagnosed each year, a revolutionary product is making it easier for hospitals to monitor patients with the condition in the comfort of their own homes. |
 | Disney closes $71B deal for Fox entertainment assetsDisney has closed its $71 billion acquisition of Fox's entertainment business, putting "Cinderella," ''The Simpsons," ''Star Wars" and "Dr. Strange" under one corporate roof. |
 | What Disney gets as its $71.3B buy of Fox assets closesIt's finally complete. Disney closed its $71 billion acquisition of Fox's entertainment assets on Wednesday, more than a year after the mega merger was proposed . Disney gets far ranging properties ranging from Fox's film studios, including "Avatar" and X-Men, to its TV productions such as "The Simpsons" and networks including National Geographic. |
 | Rags-to-riches Skoda mulls post-Brexit sales woesOnce the butt of jokes, Czech-made Skoda cars have won over Brits, but the UK's looming exit from the European Union could deal a heavy blow to the brand and the entire Czech economy. |
 | Investors flee Bayer after second glyphosate trial blow (Update)The threat to German chemical giant Bayer and subsidiary Monsanto from US litigation swelled Wednesday, when its share price plunged after a jury ruled weedkiller Roundup was a "substantial factor" in an amateur gardener's cancer. |
 | Five things to know about Bayer and MonsantoThe second cancer victim in a year to win a surprise victory against US pesticide maker Monsanto raises the prospect of a flood of similar lawsuits, potentially leaving the firm's new German owner Bayer with a major case of buyer's remorse. |
 | Smart glove for Industry 4.0: Connecting the physical hand to the virtual worldResearchers at Saarland University have created an ultrathin flexible film that can act as a sensor for innovative technologies. Integrated within a glove, the new sensory film can communicate the current position of the wearer's hand and fingers. By establishing a direct connection between the virtual and real working worlds, man and machine can, quite literally, work hand in hand. The research team led by Professor Stefan Seelecke has achieved this through the use of smart silicone films. Another goal of the research work is to assist the wearer of the glove by transmitting tactile signals such as pulses or vibrations that are produced by the polymer film. |
 | Toyota to build new hybrid cars in Brexit-facing UKToyota on Wednesday said it will build a new hybrid car in Britain for Japanese peer Suzuki—a welcome boost for the UK auto sector which has been hit by Brexit uncertainty. |
Netflix tells Apple: Count us out of your streaming plansWhatever Apple intends on announcing at a company event March 25, it won't involve Netflix. | |
 | Novel sensor system improves reliability of high-temperature humidity measurementsA new sensor system developed in Saarbrücken, Germany can not only carefully control drying processes in industrial ovens, but can deliver reliable air humidity measurements even at high temperatures and in the presence of other background vapours. Professor Andreas Schütze, project manager Tilman Sauerwald and their research team at Saarland University have developed with partner companies a sensor system that precisely monitors industrial drying, baking and cooking processes. The new system improves product quality, optimizes the production process and lowers process energy demands. The project has received funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research's priority funding programme "KMU-Innovativ' that promotes innovative technology in small and medium-sized enterprises. |
Medicine & Health news
 | High potency pot 'strongly linked' to psychosis: studyHigh potency cannabis, especially when used daily, is "strongly linked" to the risk of developing psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and paranoia, scientists said Wednesday. |
 | Human microbiome metabolites tip the scale in intestinal E. coli infectionsIt remains mysterious why humans get infected by some bacterial or viral pathogens relatively easily while animals that have very similar tissues and immune functions do not. This chasm also is the reason why researchers frequently face problems in their efforts to model pathogenic diseases in animal models, such as mice, and why drugs developed using this approach often fail in humans. |
 | Balance of two enzymes linked to pancreatic cancer survivalProtein Kinase C (PKC) enzymes are crucial for a number of cellular activities, including cell survival, proliferation and migration—functions that must be carefully controlled lest cells get out of control and form a tumor. Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine found that another enzyme, called PHLPP1, acts as a "proofreader" to keep careful tabs on PKC. In pancreatic cancer, they discovered that high PHLPP1 levels lead to low PKC levels, which is associated with poor patient survival. |
 | Adhesive gel bonds to eye surface, could repair injuries without surgeryAn adhesive gel packed with light-activated chemicals can seal cuts or ulcers on the cornea —the clear surface of the eye—and then encourage the regeneration of corneal tissue, according to a preclinical study published online today in Science Advances. The new technology, named GelCORE (gel for corneal regeneration), could one day reduce the need for surgery to repair injuries to the cornea, including those that would today require corneal transplantation. |
 | Precision-targeted liposomes curb triple-negative breast cancer, metastases in miceSome 15 to 20 percent of all breast cancers are triple-negative, meaning they lack receptors for estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor type 2. They have the worst prognosis of all breast cancers and very limited treatment options. Finding a treatment that distinguishes between cancer cells and normal cells has been especially challenging. |
 | Acidic environment triggers genes that help cancer cells metastasizeScientists have long known that tumors have many pockets of high acidity, usually found deep within the tumor where little oxygen is available. However, a new study from MIT researchers has found that tumor surfaces are also highly acidic, and that this acidity helps tumors to become more invasive and metastatic. |
 | New 3-D imaging technique shows promise for finding contractions that may lead to early birthScientists funded by the March of Dimes, the leading nonprofit for the health of moms and babies, have developed a new technique called electromyometrial imaging (EMMI) to display a color-coded, three-dimensional picture of uterine contractions that may one day help doctors identify and prevent preterm labor. |
 | Revealing a potential new marker for aggressive prostate cancerScientists are constantly looking for new ways to improve cancer treatment, particularly for aggressive tumours. But spotting which cancers are aggressive when they're first diagnosed can be tough, particularly in prostate cancer. |
 | Protein BRCA1 as a stress coachAnyone who has ever studied the molecular basis of breast cancer will probably have heard of BRCA1, a protein that protects the cells of breast tissue against cancer. Surprisingly, this protein can also have the opposite effect: In another type of cancer, neuroblastoma, it helps to keep the tumour stable. Research groups from Würzburg, Göttingen and the Netherlands report their results in Nature. |
 | Pushing MYC inhibition closer to the clinicCutting-edge sequencing technology has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and since identified several so-called cancer driver genomic aberrations. This has led to the development of an extensive and powerful arsenal of anti-cancer therapies that is progressively extending cancer survival rates and reducing mortality from this disease. Unfortunately, many patients become resistant to treatments and suffer disease recurrence. |
 | Researchers identify gene variant associated with cellular agingIt is well known that psychiatric stress is associated with accelerated aging. Now, a new study shows that a gene mutation interacts with multiple types of psychiatric stress including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), pain and sleep disturbances in association with cellular aging. |
 | It's spring already? Physics explains why time flies as we ageA Duke University researcher has a new explanation for why those endless days of childhood seemed to last so much longer than they do now—physics. |
 | New study reshapes understanding of how the brain recovers from injuryEach year, approximately 265,000 Americans have a stroke that causes visual impairment. New research, which appears in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, sheds light on how the damage in the brain caused by a stroke can lead to permanent vision impairment. The findings could provide researchers with a blueprint to better identify which areas of vision are recoverable, facilitating the development of more effective interventions to encourage vision recovery. |
 | Researchers identify potential new combination treatment for pancreatic cancerResearchers from UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified a possible new therapeutic strategy using two types of drug inhibitors at once to treat one of the world's deadliest cancers. The combination approach uses one drug that inhibits the process—known as lysosome—that allows cancer cells to recycle essential nutrients to survive, and another drug that blocks the pathway used to repair DNA. Researchers found the approach to be promising after testing it on pancreatic cancer cells and mice in the laboratory. |
 | Older people less anxious, more active and less likely to fall in retirement communitiesA new report shows older people benefit from improved physical and mental health in retirement communities, resulting in cost savings to the NHS. |
 | Researchers develop new method to detect cancerous DNA in lung cancer patients' bloodA new method of determining the sequence of molecules in DNA can be used to detect small fragments of cancerous genetic material in blood samples from lung cancer patients with a high degree of accuracy, according to new research published in the leading cancer journal Annals of Oncology today. |
 | First ratings for youth football helmets address sport's largest pool of athletesThe majority of people playing football in the U.S. aren't NFL players or collegiate athletes —they're youth players, less than 14 years old. But until now, there hasn't been independent data evaluating the effectiveness of the helmets these athletes wear on the field. |
 | Sniffing out Parkinson's diseaseParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive brain cell death and extensive loss of motor function. Despite much research being conducted on this disease, there are no definitive diagnostic tests currently available. Now, researchers report the identification of compounds that make up the signature odor of the disease with the help an individual who can detect Parkinson's through smell. They report their findings in ACS Central Science. |
 | Bacterial contamination in household and office building tap waterWater is a source of concern for disseminating the bacteria Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium avium, which cause lung disease (legionellosis and pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterium disease, respectively). A new Journal of Applied Microbiology study has examined the presence of these microbes in tap water from residences and office buildings across the United States. |
Economic growth linked to reduction in stunting and thinness, rise in overweight, obesity in Chinese childrenThe first study to evaluate the effect of economic growth on malnutrition in all its forms has found that, while stunting and thinness have ameliorated in recent years, a four-fold increase in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents occurred in China between 1995 and 2014, with around one in five children and adolescents now either overweight or obese. | |
 | Stillbirths more likely if diabetes in pregnancy not diagnosedWomen who develop diabetes in pregnancy but are not diagnosed are much more likely to experience stillbirth than women without the condition, according to new research. |
 | FDA approves first drug for postpartum depression(HealthDay)—Postpartum depression is a common and often devastating condition for new mothers, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday approved the first drug to help combat it. |
Review of osteoporosis clinical practice guidelines finds majority lack patient valuesPatients' voices are ignored all too often in osteoporosis clinical practice guidelines, say researchers, who reviewed 70 English-language guidelines around the world and found less than 40 percent included any mention of patients' beliefs, values or preferences (BVPs). | |
 | Researchers use radiomics to predict who will benefit from chemotherapyUsing data from computed tomography (CT) images, researchers may be able to predict which lung cancer patients will respond to chemotherapy, according to a new study published in the journal Radiology: Artificial Intelligence. |
 | BMI, but not age at puberty, tied to risk of multiple sclerosisSome studies have suggested that people who are younger when they enter puberty are more likely to later develop multiple sclerosis (MS). But a new study attributes that link to body mass index (BMI). The study is published in the March 20, 2019, online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. |
Asian-American groups vary in life years lost to premature heart disease, strokeRisks of death from heart disease and stroke vary among American-Asian subgroups, with Asian Indian, Filipino and Vietnamese populations at greatest risk for losing years of life to heart disease or stroke, according to new research in Journal of the American Heart Association, the Open Access Journal of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. | |
 | Diattenuation imaging—a promising imaging technique for brain researchA new imaging method provides structural information about brain tissue that was previously difficult to access. Diattenuation Imaging (DI), developed by scientists at Forschungszentrum Jülich and the University of Groningen, allows researchers to differentiate regions with many thin nerve fibres from regions with few thick nerve fibres. With current imaging methods, these tissue types cannot easily be distinguished. |
 | Sleep, heart disease link leads from brain to bone marrowResearchers have known for some time that poor sleep raises heart disease risk. Now, they've found a chemical chain reaction that helps explain that risk, leading from poor sleep to a white blood cell surge that promotes the artery-clogging plaques of cardiovascular disease. |
 | Drug used to control cholesterol found effective against cancer-associated cachexiaBrazilian researchers have discovered that a drug regularly prescribed to control cholesterol can also be used to treat cachexia, or wasting syndrome, a condition characterized by rapid weight loss and muscle atrophy associated with extreme physical weakness. This condition is common among patients with chronic diseases such as cancer, heart failure and AIDS. The study has been published in Scientific Reports. |
 | Discovery of a crucial immune reaction when solid food is introduced that prevents inflammatory disordersMicrobes colonize all body surfaces and balance the immune system. In newborn infants, the gut microbiome is first conditioned by breast milk components. When solid food is introduced, gut microbiota develops and bacteria proliferate. Scientists from the Institut Pasteur and Inserm have discovered that a key immune response is generated in mice when solid food is introduced and microbiota expands. But above all, they have shown that this immune reaction is essential, as it is involved in educating the immune system and leads to low susceptibility to inflammatory disorders (allergies, colitis, autoimmune diseases, cancer) in adulthood. These findings were published in the journal Immunity on March 19, 2019. |
 | Deep brain stimulation provides sustained relief for severe depressionPatients suffering from severe, treatment-resistant depression can benefit not only acutely but also the long term from deep brain stimulation, as researchers from the Medical Center – University of Freiburg and their colleagues from the University Hospital Bonn demonstrate in a current study. The team used thin electrodes to stimulate a deep seated part of the reward system in the brains of 16 patients. This led to a significant reduction of ratings of depression severity in all patients, by half on average. For half of the study participants, it was even reduced below the level regarded as the threshold for depression requiring treatment. Most of the patients experienced those positive stimulation effects within the first week, and they lasted throughout the course of the one-year study. The study was published online in the Nature journal Neuropsychopharmacology on Thursday, 14 March 2019. |
 | Researchers find a new mechanism by which cells can sense oxygen with applications in cancer treatmentResearchers from the University of Oulu and Harvard University have found a previously unknown mechanism by which cells in the body sense oxygen. Lack of oxygen had a direct influence on the functioning of genes, and prevents cell differentiation. The study could open up new opportunities for the development of cancer drugs. It was published in Science. |
 | Online psychotherapy against child sexual abuse launched on the darknetOn March 26, the Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden are launching a new study aimed at reducing online sexual exploitation of children. Recruitment of study participants will take place in forums on an encrypted part of the internet called the darknet. |
 | Go for a run or eat chocolate: A choice dictated by the cannabinoid receptorsPhysical inactivity is a common factor in lifestyle diseases—and one that is often linked to the excessive consumption of fatty and/or sugary foods. The opposite scenario of excessive physical activity at the expense of caloric intake can also be harmful, as cases of anorexia nervosa illustrate. These data therefore point to the crucial need to research the neurobiological processes that control the respective motivations for exercise and food intake. A study by Inserm and CNRS researchers published on March 7, 2019 in JCI Insight reveals that the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors play an essential role in the choice between running and eating chocolatey food. |
 | More than one in four high school students have experienced symptoms of depressionMore than a quarter of high school students have experienced symptoms of clinical depression and other psychiatric conditions, but most are not accessing support from mental health professionals, a UNSW-led survey reveals. |
 | Discovery paves way for precision medicine in futureUniversity of Otago scientists have discovered a way to view the immune cell 'landscape' of bowel cancer tumours, paving the way towards more individualised medicine and treatment for many other diseases in future. |
 | Experiments with roundworms suggest alternatives for the treatment of schizophreniaA group of Brazilian scientists have long conducted experiments with roundworms to investigate the role of schizophrenia-linked genes in patients' response to antipsychotic drugs. The results obtained thus far point to new ways of understanding resistance to certain classes of medication. |
 | FDA warns homeopathic company about illegal product claims(HealthDay)—Nutra Pharma Corp. has been warned about illegal marketing of unapproved homeopathic products with claims that they can treat addiction and chronic pain from serious conditions such as cancer, diabetes, shingles, and fibromyalgia, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration says. |
 | Is year-round daylight saving time a good idea? Maybe notIf you were yawning more than usual thanks to last week's switch to daylight saving time, you weren't alone. |
 | What parents need to know about the signs of child sexual abuseRecent events, including the conviction and sentencing of George Pell for sexually abusing two children in the 1990s and the documentary airing allegations about Michael Jackson's abuse of two young boys, have made prominent the topic of child sexual abuse. Many parents may be concerned about the safety of their child, and whether they are missing signs the child may be being groomed, or sexually abused. |
 | Having one mental health disorder increases your risks of getting anotherNew studies reveal that most psychiatric illnesses are related to one another. Tracing these connections, like the mapping of a river system, promises to help define the main cause of these disorders and the drugs that could alleviate their symptoms. |
 | What is a doula and how do they help women giving birth?Women have traditionally been supported by a companion during childbirth, and there is good evidence this benefits both the woman and the baby. |
 | Tick, tock: The countdown to peak tick season is hereWith spring comes glorious sunshine, warmer weather —and ticks. |
 | CDC: New HIV transmission often from those unaware of infection(HealthDay)—Most new HIV transmissions are from people who do not know they have HIV infection or are aware of infection but are not receiving care, according to research published in the March 18 early-release issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. |
 | Active substance from plant slows down aggressive eye cancerAn active substance that has been known for 30 years could unexpectedly turn into a ray of hope against eye tumors. This is shown by a study conducted by researchers from the Universities of Bonn and Magdeburg together with US colleagues. The results are published in the renowned journal Science Signaling. The plant leaves which contain the substance is anything but rare: At Christmas time you can find it in every well-stocked garden center. |
 | Non-invasive test is breath of fresh air for diagnosing gut diseasesAustralian researchers have developed a less invasive and cheaper test to detect gastro-intestinal illnesses – a breath sample. |
 | 'Short sleepers' can get just 4 hours a night and feel fine. But is their health at risk?"Sleep is overrated." |
 | Researchers uncover aspirin's effects on platelet rich plasmaA collaborative study led by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine explores the effects of aspirin on a new biologic therapy, platelet rich plasma (PRP). This is the first study of its kind to examine the defects of aspirin on platelet rich plasma. Researchers discovered that these blood thinners have a negative effect on platelet rich plasma and found a decrease in growth factor content. Their report was published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine. |
 | Antibodies from earlier exposures affect response to new flu strainsWe are repeatedly exposed to the influenza virus via infections, vaccinations and our communal environments. The annual flu shot is believed to be the best line of defense, and doctors recommend vaccinations every year because the flu virus is in a constant state of adaptation and mutation, rendering older vaccines obsolete. |
 | Alcohol, domestic violence link not as obvious as it might seemRyan Shorey studies how alcohol affects intimate partner violence. At first glance, the relationship seems obvious – of course alcohol would correlate with incidences of abuse. But beneath the surface, there are many questions left to answer. Shorey, assistant professor of psychology at UWM, recently talked about his work. |
 | Increasing evidence of a strong connection between sugar and cancerDr. Lewis Cantley hasn't eaten sugar in decades. "I have a very simple rule," he says. "I eat fruit, but I don't eat anything that has sugar added to it. And I guarantee everybody would be better off if they ate zero sugar." |
 | Canadian food and beverage companies get mixed grades on nutrition goals: reportCanada's largest food and beverage manufacturers could aim higher to improve nutrition, reduce obesity and prevent chronic disease, according to a new report by University of Toronto researchers. |
 | Children with autism are in 'in-tune' with mom's feelings like other childrenThe ability to read facial expressions is key to interpreting important social cues during a conversation. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who commonly show impairments in social interactions, recognizing emotions in others is especially challenging. They also are hindered by a lack of interest in initiating conversation and atypical eye contact. |
 | Preventing elderly falls through low-cost community eventsAccidental falls are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults in the United States. While a number of measures can be taken to prevent dangerous and costly spills, a report from the University of Vermont shows that free community-based screenings are effective in influencing older adults to take preventative measures against falls. What's more, physical therapists are poised to make meaningful assessments at these events. |
 | Protein linked to cancer growth drives deadly lung diseaseA protein associated with cancer growth appears to drive the deadly lung disease known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, according to new research from Cedars-Sinai. The discovery, made in laboratory mice and human tissue samples, may have implications for treating the disease using existing anti-cancer therapies that inhibit the protein PD-L1. |
A groundbreaking pancreatic cancer trial, which aims to match patients with more targeted and effective treatmentA groundbreaking pancreatic cancer trial, which aims to match patients with more targeted and effective treatment for their tumours, has successfully recruited its 100th patient. | |
 | Big data study identifies drugs that increase risk of psychosis in youth with ADHDCertain drugs prescribed to teens and young adults with ADHD increase their risk of psychosis, say researchers at McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Approximately 5 million individuals in the U.S. under the age of 25 are prescribed these drugs for the treatment of ADHD. |
 | Risk of miscarriage linked strongly to mother's age and pregnancy historyThe risk of miscarriage varies greatly with a woman's age, shows a strong pattern of recurrence, and is increased after some pregnancy complications, finds a study from Norway published in The BMJ today. |
 | A case against a moratorium on germline gene editingShould researchers put the brakes on genetically engineering babies? Leading scientists and ethicists recently called for a moratorium on clinical applications of germline gene editing: inheritable alterations to the DNA of embryos to improve kids' health or other features – or just "gene editing," for short. |
 | Improving access to weight loss clubs for people with learning difficultiesA new study led by the University of Sheffield, and in partnership with weight-loss organisation Slimming World, has found there are a number of barriers preventing people with learning disabilities attending weight loss groups. |
 | Even light physical activity has health benefits – new researchMost people probably don't think of everyday activities – such as hanging out the washing or putting away the groceries – as having an effect on their long-term health. But new research suggests that doing lots of these light-intensity physical activities reduces your risk of cardiovascular disease. |
 | The role of violence against women is overlooked in opioid epidemicOne night, a woman I'll call Tonya got a compliment from a guy when she was out with her boyfriend. Tonya's boyfriend cursed her because another man had complimented her. He said: "You give it to everybody, I want it too." In anticipation of his physical abuse, she reasoned, "I could go off to Wonder World." She then injected heroin, to be "in her own world," she later told me. |
Levels of autism in China similar to the West, joint Chinese-UK study showsThe first large-scale study of autism in China has revealed that around one in a hundred people in the country has an autism spectrum condition—the same figure as found in the West. | |
Algae could prevent limb amputationA new algae-based treatment could reduce the need for amputation in people with critical limb ischaemia, according to new research funded by the British Heart Foundation, published today in the journal npj Regenerative Medicine. | |
Psychology may help explain why male and female serial killers differMale and female serial killers tend to choose their victims and commit their crimes in different ways, which may be due to thousands of years of psychological evolution, according to researchers. | |
 | Treatment deficiencies, research disparity in pelvic organ prolapseIs it normal to pee a little when you laugh? |
 | New model for ICU care discovers causes of health emergenciesA new model for intensive care, developed by Rutgers and RWJBarnabas Health System, can help identify preventable—and previously overlooked—factors that often send chronically ill patients to the intensive care unit (ICU). |
Improper removal of personal protective equipment contaminates health care workersMore than one-third of healthcare workers were contaminated with multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) after caring for patients colonized or infected with the bacteria, according to a study published today in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, the journal of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. The study found that 39 percent of workers made errors in removing personal protective equipment (PPE), including gowns and gloves, increasing the incidence of contamination. | |
Early discharge after lung surgery benefits patients without raising readmission riskWhen hospitals implement programs to optimize patients' recovery from surgery, healthcare costs fall and patients show improved outcomes. One major benefit of the programs—known as enhanced recovery pathways—include shorter hospital stays. But thoracic surgeons are often reluctant to discharge patients on an accelerated timeframe for fear early discharge might harm their patients and lead to early readmissions. | |
 | Does pregnancy history affect cognitive function?Healthy cognitive aging is a public health priority, especially as the US population grows older. Until now, not much has been known about the link between pregnancy history and cognitive function in older women. A new study finds that there does not appear to be a link. Study results are published online today in Menopause, the journal of The North American Menopause Society (NAMS). |
 | Researcher finds some Medicaid populations more likely to die by suicideA West Virginia University researcher has discovered the suicide rate of some Medicaid-insured youth—including girls and young women—is higher than those with private insurance. |
 | Laser-targeted removal of prostate tumors works as well complete removal of prostateResearchers from The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, led by prostate cancer treatment pioneer Dr. Eric Walser, have shown that selectively destroying cancerous prostate tissue is as effective as complete prostate removal or radiation therapy while preserving more sexual and urinary function than the other treatments. This study is currently available in Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. |
Assessment tool predicts chronic fatigue syndrome six months after monoOne to five percent of college students develop infectious mononucleosis each year, and about 10 percent are diagnosed six months later with chronic fatigue syndrome—a complex condition involving severe fatigue coupled with disabling cognitive and musculoskeletal symptoms. To assess risk factors for chronic fatigue syndrome after mononucleosis, researchers developed and validated a scale for rating the severity of mononucleosis. In a study with 126 college students, they found that participants with a higher mononucleosis severity score had over three times the risk of meeting two or more sets of diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome after six months, as well as almost twice the chance of being prescribed steroids and an increased risk of being hospitalized during the acute illness. Their findings were published in the Journal of Pediatrics. | |
 | Brain health: Seniors chat online to stay sharpRight now, Gene Gilmer is as sharp as ever at 90 years of age. |
 | Miscarriage from a man's perspective"Lost gift." "Cataclysm." "Death of a loved one." "Emptiness." "Chaotic movement." "Rock." "Guard." "Repairman. "Secondary character." Researchers at the University of Missouri say men often use descriptions such as these to cope with their partner's miscarriage and to describe their role in the experience. |
 | Family adopts three children with three different heart conditionsJames and Tara Fussell were on a Caribbean cruise celebrating their 10th anniversary when they decided to give their son and two daughters another sibling. |
 | Walk, dance, clean: even a little activity helps you live longer(HealthDay)—Want a reason to get out of your comfy armchair? Even low levels of regular physical activity—brisk walking, dancing or gardening—can reduce your risk of premature death, a new study finds. |
 | Practices for reducing COPD hospital readmissions explored(HealthDay)—Communication, implementation of guidelines, and improved identification of risk factors may help reduce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospital readmissions, according to a report published in the February issue of the Annals of the American Thoracic Society. |
 | Be prepared to take FAST action if you suspect a stroke(HealthDay)—Would you be able to recognize if you or someone close to you were having a stroke? A stroke is a 911 medical emergency and every second counts for survival. |
 | How to spice up your spring salad(HealthDay)—You already know that iceberg lettuce is low on taste and nutrients, but even the best greens can use a punch of flavor to keep your taste buds interested. Here are two ways to enjoy spring greens. |
 | Recommendations issued for HSCT in multiple myeloma(HealthDay)—A consensus statement for the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has been developed by Mayo Clinic physicians; the recommendations were published in the March issue of Bone Marrow Transplantation. |
 | Overall, physicians are happy and enjoy their lives(HealthDay)—Overall, physicians are happy and enjoy their lives, according to the 2019 American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)/CompHealth Physician Happiness Survey published online March 19. |
 | Patients with diabetes at increased risk for sleep apnea(HealthDay)—Patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), independent of other factors, according to a study published online March 12 in Diabetes Care. |
As if by magic: Team develops program that lights up cancer-causing mutationsBy conjuring the spell "Lumos!" wizards in the mythical world of Harry Potter could light up the tip of their magic wands and illuminate their surroundings. So, too, does LumosVar, a computer program developed by the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), "light up" cancer-causing genetic Var-ients, or mutations, illuminating how physicians might best treat their patients. | |
 | Generic advice doesn't help patients drop poundsWhen it comes to losing weight, doctors' messages to their patients can make a powerful difference, according to new research from Duke University. |
Premature babies could benefit from combined glucocorticoid and antioxidant therapyScientists at the University of Cambridge have suggested that subtle changes to the drugs administered to mothers threatened with preterm birth or to premature babies could further improve clinical treatment and help increase their safety. | |
 | Stroke risk drops in both black and white older adultsRecent reductions in hospitalization and death due to stroke extend to both black and white Medicare beneficiaries, reports a study in the April issue of Medical Care. |
 | Older immigrants living in US more satisfied with life than native-born counterpartsMost people who immigrated to the United States for a chance to live the "American Dream" are more satisfied with their lives in the "land of the free" than those who were born here, according to new research from Florida State University. |
 | Engineers aim to pioneer tissue-engineering approach to TMJ disordersHere's something to chew on: One in four people are impacted by defects of the temporomandibular—or jaw—joint. Despite the pervasiveness of this affliction, treatments are lacking, and many sufferers resort to palliative measures to cope with the pain and debilitation it causes. |
 | US experts: Medicines for opioid addiction vastly underusedMedicines proven to treat opioid addiction remain vastly underused in the U.S., the nation's top medical advisers said Wednesday. |
Older patients with Crohn's disease benefit from new medicationsCombining medications that suppress the immune system has been successful in treating young patients with Crohn's disease, but some physicians have been reluctant to use this strategy in older patients because of concerns about safety. Now an Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics study indicates that older patients can be safely and effectively treated with such combined immunosuppression as well. | |
 | Does alcohol consumption have an effect on arthritis?Several previous studies have demonstrated that moderate alcohol consumption is linked with less severe disease and better quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but a new Arthritis Care & Research study suggests that this might not be because drinking alcohol is beneficial. |
 | Research examines complications during birth and link to later social anxiety in childrenA new study published in Infant and Child Development indicates that complications during birth may increase the risk that children will develop social anxiety by their pre-teen years. |
Skin diseases are more common than we thinkSkin diseases are ranked as the fourth most common cause of human illness, but many affected people do not consult a physician. A new Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology study estimates the prevalence of skin diseases outside the typical medical setting. | |
Infections linked with an increased risk of developing Sjogren's syndromeIndividuals with a history of infection had a two-fold increased risk of developing Sjögren's syndrome in a Journal of Internal Medicine study. Respiratory, skin, and urogenital infections were most prominently associated with this increased risk. | |
 | Study examines how high altitude affects memoryOxygen is essential for maintaining normal human brain function, and living at high altitudes can lead to deficits in cognition such as attention and memory. |
 | Is anxiety in childhood and adolescence linked to later alcohol use disorders?In an Addiction analysis of relevant published studies, investigators found some evidence for a positive association between anxiety during childhood and adolescence with later alcohol use disorders. |
Disease burden in osteoarthritis is similar to rheumatoid arthritisOsteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been viewed as a highly prevalent but milder condition when compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and some may believe that it is part of a normal aging process requiring acceptance, not treatment. A new study in Arthritis & Rheumatology indicates that OA and RA have similar impacts or burdens on patients when they first visit rheumatologists, however. | |
Drinking hot tea linked with elevated risk of esophageal cancerPrevious studies have revealed a link between hot tea drinking and risk of esophageal cancer, but until now, no study has examined this association using prospectively and objectively measured tea drinking temperature. A new International Journal of Cancer study achieved this by following 50,045 individuals aged 40 to 75 years for a median of 10 years. | |
 | Exercise program provides multiple benefits to nursing home residentsIn a Journal of the American Geriatrics Society study of residents at nursing homes, those who participated in a six-month program of individualized and progressive multicomponent exercise at moderate intensity experienced fewer falls than those in a control group that participated in routine activities. |
 | New Baltimore-based health initiative aims to close disparities in research, treatment of brain disordersA Baltimore-based research institute that focuses on brain disorders has partnered with a prominent local African-American clergy group to establish the nation's first research outfit aimed at closing long-standing racial disparities in research and in treatment, the groups announced recently. |
Houston hospital helps woman deliver 6 babies in 9 minutesA woman delivered sextuplets at a Houston hospital Friday morning, giving birth to all six babies within nine minutes. | |
 | The Mastermind approach to brain researchThe brain is a complex organ, and researching medicine to treat brain disorders is equally if not more complex. Elizabeth (Liesbeth) de Lange, Professor of Predictive Pharmacology, calls for a structured approach. "In effect, it's like playing Mastermind." Inaugural lecture on 22 March. |
Surrey creates innovative lab test to develop easy-to-swallow medicine for childrenScientists at the University of Surrey and University College London have revealed an innovative in vitro method that can help to develop easy to swallow medicine for children and older people. | |
MIT uses $29M gift to launch Down syndrome research centerThe Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a received a nearly $29 million gift the university says will be used to enhance research and improve the lives of people with Down syndrome. | |
Biology news
 | Researchers find Americans set their thermostat to match African environmental temperaturesA team of researchers at North Carolina State University has found that people living in the United States tend to set their thermostats to temperatures that mimic natural environmental conditions in parts of Africa. In their paper published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the group describes their study, which involved installing sensors in homes across the U.S., and what they found. |
 | Cricket bacteria break down lignin, highlighting ecology's utility in applied R&DResearchers have discovered that a bacterium found in camel crickets is capable of breaking down lignin—the stuff that makes wood tough—opening new research pathways for the development of biofuels and chemical manufacturing. The study also highlights the potential inherent in using ecosystem analysis as a tool for targeting research into the identification of commercially valuable microorganisms with industrial applications. |
 | Rabbits like to eat plants with lots of DNARabbits prefer to eat plants with plenty of DNA, according to a new study by Queen Mary University of London and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. |
 | New study shows effects on offspring of epigenetic inheritance via spermAs an organism grows and responds to its environment, genes in its cells are constantly turning on and off, with different patterns of gene expression in different cells. But can changes in gene expression be passed on from parents to their children and subsequent generations? Although indirect evidence for this phenomenon, called "transgenerational epigenetic inheritance," is growing, it remains controversial because the mechanisms behind it are so mysterious. |
 | Beware of sleeping queens underfoot this springScientists at Queen Mary University of London have discovered a never before reported behaviour of queen bumblebees. |
 | Local extinction of Southern California mountain lions possible within 50 yearsTwo isolated mountain lion populations in southern California's Santa Ana and Santa Monica Mountains are at risk of local extinction, perhaps as soon as within 50 years, according to a study published in the journal Ecological Applications. |
 | New short-tailed whip scorpion species discovered in AmazonA new species of Surazomus, which belongs to the class Arachnida and the order Schizomida, has been discovered in the eastern Amazon, according to a study published March 20 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Gustavo Ruiz and Roberta Valente of the Universidade Federal do Pará in Brazil. |
 | Researchers find broad impacts from lake trout invasion in YellowstoneIntroduction of nonnative lake trout in Yellowstone Lake has affected organisms from the microscopic level in the lake to large animals in the region, according to newly published research. |
 | Study suggests widespread illegal killing of hen harriers on English grouse moorsA new study reveals that young hen harriers in England suffer abnormally high mortality compared to populations in Orkney and mainland Scotland and provides compelling evidence that the most likely cause is illegal killing in areas associated with grouse moor management. |
 | Temperature blob in Pacific Ocean gives a glimpse of climate impact on humpback whalesA team of researchers with the Keiki Kohola Project and California State University reports that a recent "blob" of warm water in the Pacific gives marine scientists a preview of the impact of climate change on humpback whales. In their paper published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the group describes their study of the whales and what they found. |
 | Evidence that humans prefer genetically dissimilar partners based on scentA team of researchers at Université Paris Diderot has found evidence that suggests humans are able to detect via smell which partners are genetically preferable. In their paper published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the group describes their study of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in people, and the ability to detect it via smell. |
 | Humans switch between apps in 'remarkably similar' ways, scientists findHumans are unknowingly adhering to a universal pattern when they flick between apps on their smartphones, scientists have discovered. |
 | Chromatin changes rapidly in response to low oxygen, study findsA study by the University of Liverpool reveals new insights into how cells respond to oxygen deprivation. |
 | Researchers find hidden proteins in bacteriaScientists at the University of Illinois at Chicago have developed a way to identify the beginning of every gene—known as a translation start site or a start codon—in bacterial cell DNA with a single experiment and, through this method, they have shown that an individual gene is capable of coding for more than one protein. |
 | Tiny 'water bears' can teach us about survivalEarth's ultimate survivors can weather extreme heat, cold, radiation and even the vacuum of space. Now the U.S. military hopes these tiny critters called tardigrades can teach us about true toughness. |
 | The recent spread of coyotes across North America did not doom deer populationsCoyotes eat deer, but not enough to limit the deer population at a large scale. A new study of deer numbers across the eastern United States has found that the arrival and establishment of coyote predators has not caused the number of deer harvested by hunters to decline. |
Monsanto's Roundup weedkiller contributed to US man's cancer: juryThe weedkiller Roundup was a "substantial factor" in the cancer of a US man who developed a lump in his throat after decades of spraying his garden—the second major legal defeat to agrochemical giant Monsanto in a year. | |
 | At Kenyan orphanage, baby elephants find a new life, and loveLuggard, a lively three-year-old, limps behind the rest of his ragtag troupe of orphan elephants, halting to graze or rub against a tree. |
 | Honey bee colonies more successful by foraging on non-crop fieldsHoney bee colonies foraging on land with a strong cover of clover species and alfalfa do more than three times as well than if they are put next to crop fields of sunflowers or canola, according to a study just published in Scientific Reports by an Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientist and his colleagues. |
 | The return of JellyWatchAre jellyfish populations increasing around the world? Like the weather, jellyfish blooms are something that many people talk about, but few people do anything about. One exception would be MBARI's Steve Haddock, a marine biologist who has been studying jellies for more than two decades. Haddock recently rolled out a new and improved web site (jellywatch.org) that allows citizen scientists around the world to report jellyfish blooms. |
 | Bile acid-triggered bacterial adaptation characterizedWhen bacteria enter the digestive tracts of their hosts, including humans, they encounter a highly acidic environment. Bacteria have evolved elegant mechanisms to survive and colonize this habitat, such as highly resistant and impermeable outer membranes and systems to pump out any toxins that make it beyond that barrier. However, the molecular mechanisms behind many of these processes have remained unclear. |
Ant larvae fight the offspring of parasitic queensIn certain ant species, queens invade the colonies of other species, kill the host queen or queens and lay their eggs in the host nest. After this, the host workers tend to the offspring of the parasitic queen as if their own, just as a bird hatching an egg laid by a cuckoo. | |
 | Researchers using tissue engineering to create lab-grown meatTissue engineering experts at the University of Bath are growing animal cells on blades of grass, as they play their part in helping the UK understand how to effectively scale up production of cultured meat. |
 | Breakthrough in fight against plant diseasesA global research team including scientists from La Trobe University have identified specific locations within plants' chromosomes capable of transferring immunity to their offspring. |
 | Glyphosate under fire from San Francisco to Sri LankaGlyphosate, the world's most widely used herbicide and the active ingredient in Monsanto's weedkiller Roundup, is the subject of fierce controversy across the globe and is classified by the World Health Organization as "probably" being carcinogenic. |
 | Tagged by scientists, bluefin tuna passing submerged listening lines help reveal species' survivalAn array of underwater listening lines that detect passing giant Atlantic bluefin tuna previously caught and tagged by scientists has created a new system to monitor these enormous, fast, powerful and lucrative fish in the open ocean. |
 | Mobile DNA element found in mosquito parasite has potential for infectious disease controlControlling mosquito-borne illnesses, such as Dengue or West Nile virus, has historically been difficult due to a lack of effective vaccines and concerns about the environmental impact of insecticides. Thus, scientists have turned to manipulating Wolbachia, a parasitic bacterium within mosquitoes, as a way to control the reproductive fitness of mosquito populations that transmit human disease. |
 | Wildlife tourism may negatively affect African elephants' behaviorIncreasing numbers of tourists are interested in observing wildlife such as African elephants, and income generated from tourism potentially aids in the protection of animals and their habitats. However, a new Journal of Zoology study reveals that wildlife tourism may be a stressor for free-ranging elephants. |
 | Labrador retriever most pup-ular US dog breed for 28th yearLabrador retrievers aren't letting go of their hold on U.S. dog lovers, but German shorthaired pointers are tugging on the top ranks of doggy popularity, according to new American Kennel Club data. |
Tigers, leopards and humans: creating a co-existent spaceHow can large carnivores co-exist with human communities? By studying tigers and leopards in Nepal, Babu Ram Lamichhane argues that co-existence is possible if wildlife sites are well conserved while their impacts on humans are minimal and socially acceptable. Ph.D. defense 9 April. | |
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