Science X Newsletter Tuesday, Mar 12

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for March 12, 2019:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

An electronically tunable metasurface that rotates polarization

A generative memory approach to enable lifelong reinforcement learning

Astronomers detect X-ray emitting clumps ejected from the binary PSR B1259–63/LS 2883

Light provides control for 3-D printing with multiple materials

Immigration is beneficial to economies, even after 100 years

Movie technology inspires wearable liquid unit that aims to harvest energy

Coal power stations disrupt rainfall, global study finds

Will artificial intelligence be the future of music?

Species by the dozen moved north during marine heatwaves

UK wild newt species free from flesh-eating fungus for now

Mammoth moves: frozen cells come to life, but only just

Meet India's starry dwarf frog, lone member of newly discovered ancient lineage

Researchers report metric of immune system's biological clock

Starving leukemia cells by targeting amino acids

New microscopy method could improve LASIK surgery

Astronomy & Space news

	Astronomers detect X-ray emitting clumps ejected from the binary PSR B1259–63/LS 2883 Using NASA's Chandra X-ray observatory, astronomers have spotted X-ray-emitting clumps being ejected with high velocities from the gamma-ray binary PSR B1259–63/LS 2883. The findings were presented in a paper published March 2 on arXiv.org, in which the authors also discuss possible explanations of this phenomenon.
	Jupiter's magnetic field could be moving Europa's ocean A pair of researchers, one with École Normale Supérieure, the other Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres has found evidence that Jupiter's magnetic field could be causing a jet stream in Europa's underground ocean. In their paper published in the journal Nature Astronomy, Christophe Gissinger and Ludovic Petitdemange describe their analysis of data from the Galileo spacecraft and what they found.
	What scientists found after sifting through dust in the solar system Just as dust gathers in corners and along bookshelves in our homes, dust piles up in space too. But when the dust settles in the solar system, it's often in rings. Several dust rings circle the Sun. The rings trace the orbits of planets, whose gravity tugs dust into place around the Sun, as it drifts by on its way to the center of the solar system.
	Asteroid Bennu, target of NASA's sample return mission, is rotating faster over time In late 2018, the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft arrived at Bennu, the asteroid it will be studying and sampling over the next several years.
	Collaboration enables investigation of the origin of heavy elements A team of experts in atomic physics, nuclear fusion, and astronomy has computed high-accuracy atomic data for analyzing light from a kilonova, a birth place of heavy elements. They found that their new data set could predict kilonovae brightness with much better accuracy than before. This aids our understanding of the cosmic origins of heavy elements.
	Gateway to the moon The International Space Station partners have endorsed plans to continue the development of the Gateway, an outpost around the moon that will act as a base to support both robots and astronauts exploring the lunar surface.
	Image: Cheops in the clean room The copper-coloured baffle cover of our Characterising Exoplanet Satellite, Cheops, in the clean room at Airbus Defence and Space Spain, Madrid.

Technology news

	A generative memory approach to enable lifelong reinforcement learning A key limitation of existing artificial intelligence (AI) systems is that they are unable to tackle tasks for which they have not been trained. In fact, even when they are retrained, the majority these systems are prone to 'catastrophic forgetting,' which essentially means that a new item can disrupt their previously acquired knowledge.
	Will artificial intelligence be the future of music? They may never be able to fill a stadium for a rock concert, but computers are making inroads in the music industry, capable of producing songs—and convincingly so—as illustrated at the South by Southwest festival in Texas.
	Researchers find trapdoor in SwissVote election system A team of researchers have examined the source code published as part of the SwissPost e-voting system, provided by Scytl, and discovered a cryptographic trapdoor.
	Autonomous vehicles could be an environmental boon or disaster, depending on public policy Widespread use of autonomous vehicles (AVs) could either massively increase or drastically cut greenhouse gas emissions depending, in large part, on public policy, according to new research from Princeton University.
	At 3,836 mph, which way does the air flow? If you've ever been to an air show, or lived near an air force base, you're familiar with sonic booms.
	How long until efficient fuel cells? Ask the experts In the quest for the perfect alternative for gas-powered vehicles, there have been a lot of contenders over the years. When it comes to public perception, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are some of the most widely known. But among experts in the field, there is another alternative that shows even greater promise for future vehicle electrification: fuel cells. In particular, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, despite decades of development, PEMFCs still lack wide market acceptance in vehicles.
	Your body has internet—and now it can't be hacked Someone could hack into your pacemaker or insulin pump and potentially kill you, just by intercepting and analyzing wireless signals. This hasn't happened in real life yet, but researchers have been demonstrating for at least a decade that it's possible.
	Facebook's messaging ambitions amount to much more than chat Facebook, already the leader in enabling you to share photos, videos and links, now wants to be a force in messaging, commerce, payments and just about everything else you do online.
	Paralympic fast track? Japan firm develops hi-tech wheelchairs In a small workshop just outside Tokyo, mechanics hammer, weld and measure as they craft "the Porsche of wheelchairs" for the world's top Paralympic athletes ahead of the 2020 Games.
	US to take 'immediate' action on Boeing jet if needed: official US federal aviation authorities said Monday they will order Boeing to modify its 737 MAX 8 aircraft, including anti-stalling software and maneuvering system updates, after two of the planes crashed in five months.
	2nd crash renews safety concerns for Boeing's prized new jet The second deadly crash of a prized new airplane in five months has renewed safety concerns about the 737 Max that could shape Boeing's fortunes for many years.
	Murdoch's News Corp calls for Google breakup Rupert Murdoch's News Corp has called for Google to be broken up in Australia, the latest salvo in a battle between the corporate media giants.
	Volkswagen vows to build 22 million e-cars over next decade German automaker Volkswagen said Tuesday it plans to ramp up its production of electric vehicles over the next ten years to 22 million and reduce its carbon footprint over vehicle life cycles by 30 percent.
	Roadmap for cyber security research In their secUnity roadmap, 30 renowned European IT security experts of the BMBF-funded secUnity collaboration outlined how digital threats on the European level can be responded to more efficiently in the future. Among these experts also are researchers from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Today, the secUnity scientists will present the roadmap in Brussels and hand it over officially to the ENISA European Union Agency for Network and Information Security.
	Mechanized cane measures patients' rehabilitation process Robot-aided rehabilitation represents a step forward for patients with walking difficulties. However, its high price, together with some adaptation and transfer problems, limit its use at present.
	Web 3.0: The decentralised web promises to make the internet free again Have you recently considered deleting your Facebook account, boycotting Amazon or trying to find an alternative to Google? You wouldn't be alone. The tech giants are invading our privacy, misusing our data, strangling economic growth and helping governments spy on us. Yet because these few companies own so many of the internet's key services, it seems there is little people can do to avoid having to interact with them if they want to stay online.
	Privacy pivot: Facebook wants to be more like WhatsApp. But details are scarce Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg delivered a 3,000+ word post last week, spelling out a new vision for the social network.
	Holographic 3-D coach to help healthy living A 3-D hologram projection of a coach, to support physical and mental wellbeing: over the last few months, DesignLab has been working on the design and hardware for a prototype HoloProjector for virtual coaches, together with researchers Hermie Hermens, Dennis Reidsma and programme manager Monique Tabak of the University of Twente. The software originates from project partners of the European Council of Coaches, aimed at changing the way coaching is perceived. Students revealed the prototype at DesignLab on 11 March.
	First flight success for drone-sized electric aircraft If fully electric regional passenger jets someday fly from Cleveland to Atlanta, aviation historians will likely point out that the first successful in-air test of the battery technology making it possible happened on a frozen Dayton-area airfield in early 2019.
	Study offers insights on wind development costs, taxes A new analysis of state taxation policies regarding wind energy in the West shows New Mexico is the lowest-cost state for wind farm development, followed by Montana, Colorado and Wyoming.
	New chip designed to support beyond-5G network The worldwide race to deploy 5G wireless networks is still in its early stages, but researchers at Carnegie Mellon University are already looking beyond 5G. The massive interconnected web of IoT and personal devices enabled by 5G will increase demand for higher data rates and lower latency. To support this beyond-5G network of the future, Jeyanandh Paramesh, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering (ECE), ECE Ph.D. student Susnata Mondal, and recent ECE Ph.D. graduate Rahul Singh presented a new chip design at the 2019 International Solid-State Circuit's Conference (ISSCC).
	Testing space batteries for cleaner skies Engineers descended into bunkers to test space batteries to destruction – through overheating, overcharging, short circuits and even by shooting them with bullets. The three-year test campaign is helping assess the risk of abandoned satellites exploding in orbit due to catastrophic battery reactions.
	At age 30, World Wide Web is 'not the web we wanted' At the ripe old age of 30 and with half the globe using it, the World Wide Web is facing growing pains with issues like hate speech, privacy concerns and state-sponsored hacking, its creator says, trumpeting a call to make it better for humanity.
	US warns of WTO action over 'discriminatory' new digital taxes The US warned Tuesday it was considering a complaint at the World Trade Organization over "discriminatory" new taxes on American digital giants such as a Facebook and Google planned by France and other EU nations.
	Honda recalls 1.2M more vehicles with dangerous air bags A type of Takata air bag inflator once thought to be safe has now come under scrutiny after a crash and explosion in Maryland injured the driver of a Honda minivan.
	Safety fears about Boeing 737 MAX grip US passengers US airlines are standing behind Boeing despite the wave of countries and carriers that have grounded the 737 MAX, but fear has gripped crews and passengers, and many are refusing to fly on the plane.
	Ethiopian Airlines crash: What is the MCAS system on the Boeing 737 Max 8? Similarities between the Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines crashes have focused attention on an anti-stalling system used in the new Boeing 737 Max 8 aircraft.
	Nations, airlines grounding Boeing's 737 MAX (Update) A number of countries have banned Boeing's 737 MAX 8 medium-haul workhorse jet from their airspace in response to the Ethiopian Airlines crash that killed all 157 people on board.
	VW beats forecasts in 2018 still marked by diesel fallout Mammoth German carmaker Volkswagen reported Thursday growing profits and revenues in 2018, beating analysts' forecasts despite enormous charges linked to its "dieselgate" emissions cheating scandal and headwinds from tough new pollution tests.
	Renault, Nissan, Mitsubishi unveil new joint board post-Ghosn Carmakers Renault, Nissan and Mitsubishi Motors unveiled the creation of a joint board Tuesday, seeking a "new start" for their alliance after the arrest of former boss Carlos Ghosn.
	US aviation authority says no update on Boeing, probe continues Despite a wave of countries grounding the Boeing aircraft involved in another deadly crash, US authorities on Tuesday said it would not make any decision until it has more evidence.
	Self-driving test vehicle added to auto history museum One of General Motors' first self-driving test vehicles is going on display at an automotive history museum in suburban Detroit.

Medicine & Health news

	Researchers report metric of immune system's biological clock A new study published in Nature Medicine from scientists at the Technion, Stanford and CytoReason describes for the first time ever a way to quantify a person's "immune age." This game-changing capability provides a much more reliable predictor for the status of the immune system than any other method, and could lead to fundamental changes in drug and vaccine development and medical practice.
	Starving leukemia cells by targeting amino acids Cancer cells consume sugar at a higher rate than healthy cells, but they're also hungry for amino acids, the building blocks of proteins and other biomolecules. Researchers at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University have discovered a way to exploit that hunger to selectively block the growth of leukemias.
	Vaccine for HER2 breast cancer shows early promise A vaccine developed by Duke Cancer Institute researchers has shown early promise in targeting the HER2 protein that fuels a deadly form of breast cancer.
	Researchers look at how the brain represents time when processing long-term memories The way we encode our memories involves many pieces of information, and scientists have looked at how most of them work. But one dimension still eludes them: time.
	Exploring hypothalamic circuits, one neuron at a time A collaborative team from UConn Storrs and The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine characterized neuron diversity in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), a critical coordinator of fundamental behaviors in the brain. Using advanced single cell sequencing methodologies, UConn's Alexander Jackson and JAX's Paul Robson led the effort to identify both known and previously unrecognized neuronal populations in the most comprehensive census of LHA cell types to date. The results provide important clues for understanding LHA neural circuits and the potential development of targeted neuropsychiatric therapies.
	Scientists identify gene that keeps PTSD-like behavior at bay in female mice More than 30 years ago, scientists discovered that neurological illnesses such as mad cow and Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases are caused by misfolded proteins called prions. But in recent years, Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, MD, demonstrated in mice that some prions are beneficial and serve important biological functions in the brain and body. And today, new Columbia research from Dr. Kandel and his colleague Joseph Rayman, Ph.D., describes how one such prion-like protein, encoded by a gene called TIA1, helps the brain keep fearful memories in check. Without this gene, female mice exhibit the tell-tale signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.
	Targeting stem-like cells could prevent ovarian cancer recurrence Ovarian cancer is not the most common form of cancer, but it's among the deadliest. That's because about 70 percent of cases recur. A new study by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute (MWRI) and several other collaborating institutions targets the root of recurrence with new drugs aimed at annihilating stem-like ovarian cancer cells.
	Scientists discover key enzyme in breast cancer proliferation, treatment resistance Basal-like breast cancer is the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat subtype of breast cancer, and it largely overlaps with the triple-negative classification of the disease. Patients are in dire need of improved therapies that attack the underlying cellular features of these types of breast cancer.
	Secrets of early life revealed from less than half a teaspoon of blood A global team of scientists have mapped the developmental pathway of a newborn's life for the first time. The research, published in Nature Communications, could transform our understanding of health and disease in babies.
	Scientists demonstrate use of ultrasound to alter inflammatory and metabolic response GE Research and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research bioelectronic medicine teams have demonstrated potentially breakthrough non-invasive methods to regulate dysfunction in the body's metabolic or inflammatory control systems using ultrasound. The findings were reported in this week's edition of Nature Communications. This article follows a medical first from The Feinstein Institute and GE Research to read what nerves are saying about inflammation in the body.
	Scientists find first evidence for necessary role of the human hippocampus in planning A team of scientists reports finding the first evidence that the human hippocampus is necessary for future planning. Its findings, published in the journal Neuron, link its long-established role in memory with our ability to use our knowledge to map out the future effects of our actions.
	Study demonstrates that a brain-computer interface can improve your performance Our state of arousal—being fearful, agitated, or calm—can significantly affect our ability to make optimal decisions, judgments, and actions in real-world dynamic environments. Imagine, for instance, walking across a balance beam. Your performance—speed across the beam and the odds of making it across without falling off—are dramatically better if the beam sits a mere six inches off the ground and you are relaxed rather than terror-stricken on a beam 60 feet higher. To keep you in the zone of maximum performance, your arousal needs to be at moderate levels, not so high that it pushes you over the edge.
	Researchers outline the role of a deep brain structure in concussion Concussion researchers have long suggested that damage to the corpus callosum, a thick bundle of nerves that connects the brain's two halves, could result in some common side effects of concussion, like dizziness or vision problems. The assumption is straightforward—that damage to the corpus callosum could affect coordination between the two halves—but difficult to prove.
	Gene behind long-recognized mitochondrial disease has highly varied effects For more than two decades, mutations in a gene located in the DNA of mitochondria have been classified as a mitochondrial disease and linked to a particular set of symptoms. However, according to new findings from researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), mutations in this gene, which encodes an essential part of the mitochondrial motor known as ATP synthase that generates cellular energy, are much more variable than previously thought. This prompts the need to develop more precise clinical tests that can better determine the course of treatment for patients affected by mitochondrial disorder. The study was published online on February 14 in the journal Human Mutation.
	Some children can 'recover' from autism, but problems often remain Research in the past several years has shown that children can outgrow a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), once considered a lifelong condition. In a new study, researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Health System have found that the vast majority of such children still have difficulties that require therapeutic and educational support. The study was published online today in the Journal of Child Neurology.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest third leading cause of disease-related health loss Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was the third leading cause of "health loss due to disease" in the United States behind ischemic heart disease and low back/neck pain in 2016, according to new research in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, an American Heart Association journal.
	These less common proteins may help fend off the flu Influenza type B, though generally less widespread than type A, poses a formidable threat for vulnerable populations like the elderly and the young. In the 2012-2013 flu season, for example, influenza type B caused the majority of deaths due to flu among children, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Findings published this week in mBio, ASM's open access journal, suggest that an efficient way to boost the efficacy of vaccines against influenza type B might be hiding in plain sight.
	Air pollution causes 800,000 extra deaths a year in Europe and 8.8 million worldwide Air pollution could be causing double the number of excess deaths a year in Europe than has been estimated previously, according to a study published in the European Heart Journal today.
	Adolescents are more likely than adults to use fruit- and candy-flavored e-cigarettes E-cigarettes were initially intended as a smoking cessation tool, yet vaping has skyrocketed among kids to the point that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the US Surgeon General both recently declared youth e-cigarette use an epidemic. Adolescent and young-adult e-cigarette users are attracted to vaping because of appealing marketing, and report tempting e-juice flavors as a leading reason for use. They are more interested in experimenting with fruit-, candy-, or menthol-flavored e-cigarettes than with tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes, perceiving sweet flavors as less harmful than tobacco flavors.
	Non-contrast MRI is effective in monitoring multiple sclerosis patients Brain MRI without contrast agent is just as effective as the contrast-enhanced approach for monitoring disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), according to a new study in the journal Radiology. The findings support the possibility that contrast enhancement can be omitted from routine follow-up scans.
	Iron measurements with MRI reveal stroke's impact on brain A simple MRI method that measures iron content can provide a more comprehensive picture of the consequences of stroke-related damage to the brain, according to a study published in the journal Radiology. Researchers said the findings point to a role for MRI brain iron measurements in monitoring recovery from stroke.
	Dragging? Blame the 'time pollution' of springing forward How did it feel getting out of bed this morning?
	Salt is bad for you, but how it affects your body is still frontier science Research has shown that excess salt intake is harmful to people's health. It can lead to high blood pressure and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
	Researchers find girls more likely to notice, interpret and intervene in bullying situations Forget what you've heard about mean girls; new research from Florida State University finds girls are far more likely than boys to notice instances of bullying and interpret them as emergencies.
	Panic attacks aren't necessarily a reason to panic: they are your body's way of responding to stress Panic attacks typically occur when a person is under stress. The stress can be physical, like being run down, or emotional, like a significant life change.
	Researchers study blood pressure control and risk of mortality Until recently, physicians had generally assumed that older adults benefit from keeping their blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg. However, researchers from Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin have now found that this assumption does not apply to all patients with high blood pressure. In fact, they report that lower blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of death in adults over the age of 80, and in adults who have previously had a heart attack or stroke. Results from this study have been published in the European Heart Journal.
	A new therapeutic target for blocking early atherosclerosis in progeria Researchers at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) and the Universidad de Oviedo have discovered a new molecular mechanism involved in the premature development of atherosclerosis in mice with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Moreover, the results, published in EMBO Molecular Medicine, identify a potential therapeutic target for this severe genetic disease, which is characterized by the premature onset of cardiovascular disease and early death, usually from a heart attack or stroke, between the ages of 6 and 20 years.
	Breastfeeding isn't just about the baby – women's bodies matter, too Women are increasingly opening up about their breastfeeding struggles. However, as individual as each story is, many have a core theme – it wasn't working and no one could tell them why.
	What makes joints pop and crack and is it a sign of disease? Joints emit a variety of noises, including popping, snapping, catching, clicking, grinding, grating and clunking. The technical term for these noises is "crepitus", from the Latin "to rattle". People of all ages can experience crepitus, although it becomes more common with old age. So what causes crepitus?
	Pregnant pause: Is that drug safe for baby? Most first-time mothers have a lot of questions about their pregnancies.
	'Momo challenge hoax' prompts parents to help children deal with scary media Recently a number of school boards and police services issued statements advising parents of an alleged cyberbullying threat called the Momo challenge.
	Meat consumption is changing but it's not because of vegans Meat consumption in North America is changing. Product developers and policy-makers need to understand the reasons for that change. It's tempting to attribute the decrease in meat consumption to a rise in vegetarianism and veganism, but not all vegans are the same, and overall they play a relatively small role in consumption changes.
	Shellfish allergies: can they be treated? Seafood platters? Bouillabaisse? Arroz de Marisco? Seafood paella? Oysters Rockefeller? Lobster Thermidor? Dining out with friends, a romantic meal, celebrating Christmas or a holiday on a wind-swept coast with these seafood dishes on your table are enjoyable moments.
	Speaking with a robot is not as pleasant as talking to a human: study Researchers from the CNRS and Aix-Marseille University have used a novel approach to demonstrate that interactions with humans activate the brain's social reward system more than discussions with robot interlocutors.
	Dramatic rise in U.S. opioid deaths as epidemic spreads to eastern states The opioid epidemic ravaging the United States has claimed a staggering number of lives, but a clear picture of how the crisis has changed over the years – and who it currently affects the most – is surprisingly hard to find.
	Assessing the experience of undocumented immigrants with a health care financial assistance program Since the Affordable Care act was implemented in 2010, the percentage of uninsured adults in the U.S. has declined significantly. Despite this progress, over 28 million people remain uninsured, 21 percent of whom are non-citizens, including undocumented immigrants.
	Researchers find genetic association for interstitial lung disease Many diseases show major differences in their prevalence from one country to another, but it is often unclear whether this is due to lifestyle and environmental factors such as the diet, the genetic backgrounds in different ethnic groups, or a combination of these. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one such condition, which much more commonly accompanies another immunity-related disease in Japanese than in Europeans, implying that genetic background plays a role in the pathogenesis of ILD.
	Eating mushrooms may reduce the risk of cognitive decline A team from the Department of Psychological Medicine and Department of Biochemistry at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at the National University of Singapore (NUS) has found that seniors who consume more than two standard portions of mushrooms weekly may have 50 per cent reduced odds of having mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
	Researchers discover new contributor to age-related hearing loss Researchers at the University of Virginia School of Medicine have discovered a new potential contributor to age-related hearing loss, a finding that could eventually help doctors identify people at risk.
	Engaging in physical activity could reduce long-term mortality Cognitive frailty is a heterogeneous clinical manifestation characterized by the simultaneous presence of both physical frailty and cognitive impairment, in the absence of dementia, and it seems to entail a greater death risk than physical frailty or cognitive impairment separately. Despite the potential effect of regular physical activity to slow cognitive decline and its association with lower mortality in nonfrail individuals, no previous studies have investigated whether and to what extent physical activity could attenuate the effect of cognitive frailty on mortality.
	Diets can do more than help you lose weight – they could also save the planet Fad diets have long been brushed off as selfish, superficial quests to lose weight.
	Light-triggered therapies work better together than separately against triple-negative breast cancer Two University of Delaware researchers have developed a new approach to attack cancer, using two light-activated treatments that appear to be more effective together than when applied independently. More research is needed, but the findings point to promising new approaches against an especially challenging kind of cancer—triple negative breast cancer—which was the focus of their recent studies.
	First double-blind controlled trial of TNS shows reduced symptoms in some children with ADHD with minimal risk Currently approved in Canada and Europe for adults with medication-resistant depression and seizures, trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) has been found to be an effective and safe means of treatment for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), reports a study published in the April 2019 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP).
	Examining fathers' grief after miscarriage Fathers' grief after a miscarriage is often overlooked. A trio of doctoral counseling students in the William & Mary School of Education set out to rectify that, and published the results of their interviews with fathers in a 2018 issue of The Family Journal.
	Number of poisoning-related deaths in New Zealand remain high While there has been a decline in carbon monoxide deaths in New Zealand, the number of deaths relating to poisoning remain high with new research revealing a surprising number of deaths involving two prescription medicines, zopiclone and clozapine.
	Is my child seriously ill? Parents generally tend to consider their child more unwell than GPs and use different factors to judge symptom severity, according to researchers at the University of Bristol's Centre for Academic Primary Care in a study published in the British Journal of General Practice.
	'Game-changing' myeloma drug combo approved for NHS use in England A new treatment for people with multiple myeloma will now be available on the NHS in England.
	Researcher and student develop predictive model for secondary cancer onset A University of North Texas researcher and a 16-year old student are working together to fight cancer with mathematics. Julia Christina Ayalde Camacho, a student in the Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science and Xuexia Wang, an associate professor and researcher of statistics in UNT's Department of Mathematics, are working together as mentor and student to explore new ways to apply computational biology and statistics to cancer research.
	How can doctors tell if you wake up during surgery? Waking up during surgery – it's terrifying to think about. But it does happen. There is evidence that around 5 per cent of people may experience so-called anaesthesia awareness at some point on the operating table, though not everyone remembers it.
	This is what it's like waking up during surgery It can be the smallest event that triggers Donna Penner's traumatic memories of an operation from more than ten years ago.
	Immune profile two days after stroke predicts dementia a year later Stanford researchers have found that transient changes in the numbers and activation levels of a handful of circulating immune cell types can predict the likelihood of dementia one year after a stroke.
	One-third of U.S. kids have back pain, study says (HealthDay)—As American kids pack on the pounds, the number of those with back pain is on the rise.
	Tone up your triceps with these top strength exercises (HealthDay)—Working your triceps might not always be top of mind, but toning the muscles that run along the backs of your upper arms is key to the smooth functioning of your elbows and to also give bare arms a sleeker look.
	Does your family eat out a lot? Watch your blood pressure (HealthDay)—You know that too much salt contributes to high blood pressure, but you might not realize how easily eating out could put you and your kids at risk.
	Dual receipt of opioids tied to increased risk for OD death (HealthDay)—For veterans enrolled in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Medicare Part D, receipt of opioids from both VA and Part D is associated with an increased likelihood of death from prescription opioid overdose, according to a study published online March 12 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	FDA approves first immunotherapy drug for breast cancer (HealthDay)—The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has given its blessing to the first immunotherapy regimen for breast cancer.
	Long-acting regimen noninferior to daily ART for HIV-1 (HealthDay)—Monthly long-acting (LA) cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) are noninferior to daily regimens for patients with HIV-1, according to two studies presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, held from March 4 to 7 in Seattle.
	UnitedHealthcare broadens direct drug rebate program The nation's largest health insurer is expanding a program that passes rebates from drugmakers directly to the people that use their medications.
	Researchers develop groundbreaking test for PTSD A cutting-edge blood test discovered by Indiana University School of Medicine researchers could help more accurately diagnose military veterans and other people experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder, and potentially provide more precise treatments and prevention.
Lower costs associated with late-preterm steroid therapy, analysis finds An analysis of a previous study has found more evidence to support giving the steroid betamethasone to pregnant women at risk of late-preterm delivery (between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation), according to a network funded by the National Institutes of Health. Hospital stays for infants whose mothers received the drug cost less on average, compared to stays for infants whose mothers did not take the drug. The study appears in JAMA Pediatrics.
	New technology could detect Dengue fever earlier Researchers from the University of Bath are developing a new tool for detecting the presence of Dengue fever early on, helping prevent people from suffering potential life-threatening complications.
	Dementia looks different in brains of Hispanics A major new study from the UC Davis Alzheimer's Center has uncovered dramatic differences in the brains of Hispanics with a dementia diagnosis compared with those of non-Hispanic whites and of African Americans.
	Taking arts classes leads to better academic performance, research shows A new study from the George Mason University Arts Research Center and published in the journal Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts found a link between arts elective courses in music, dance, visual art and drama, and better grades in middle school.
	Web tool aims to better inform and refine need for treatment in early prostate cancer A new tool to predict an individual's prognosis following a prostate cancer diagnosis could help prevent unnecessary treatment and related side effects, say researchers at the University of Cambridge.
	Most deaths in children aged 5 to 14 in India, China, Brazil, Mexico are preventable Most deaths of children aged five to 14 in India, China, Brazil and Mexico arise from preventable or treatable conditions, suggests a new study published today in The Lancet.
	Genetically encoded sensor isolates hidden leukemic stem cells All stem cells can multiply, proliferate and differentiate. Because of these qualities, leukemic stem cells are the most malignant of all leukemic cells. Understanding how leukemic stem cells are regulated has become an important area of cancer research.
	Experiences of nature boost children's learning Spending time in nature boosts children's academic achievement and healthy development, concludes a new analysis examining hundreds of studies.
	The ups and downs of sit-stand desks Have a seat. No, wait! Stand. With researchers suggesting that "sitting is the new smoking," sit-stand desks (SSD) have become a common tool to quell sedentary behavior in an office environment. As this furniture becomes ubiquitous, conflicting opinions have arisen on its effectiveness. The University of Pittsburgh's Dr. April Chambers worked with collaborators to gather data from 53 studies and published a scoping review article detailing current information on the benefits of SSDs.
	Researchers create a hydrogel contact lens to treat serious eye disease Researchers at the University of New Hampshire have created a hydrogel that could one day be made into a contact lens to more effectively treat corneal melting, a condition that is a significant cause for blindness world-wide.
CT scan prior to spine fusion finds almost half of patients had undiagnosed osteoporosis For patients contemplating spinal fusion surgery to alleviate pain, bone health is an important consideration. If a patient is found to have low bone density prior to surgery, it could affect the treatment plan before, during and after the procedure. A study at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in New York City found that a CT scan of the lumbar spine prior to surgery indicated that a significant number of patients had low bone density that was previously undiagnosed.
	Brain scans help unravel the neurobiology of functional neurological (conversion) disorder An investigation led by a team of researchers from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology has found altered connectivity among brain regions that handle sensorimotor, emotional and cognitive signaling in patients with functional neurological disorder, a common condition involving neurologic symptoms that have no readily apparent physical cause. Their report has been published online in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry.
	Treatment guidelines for breast implant-associated lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) The use of textured breast implants during augmentation or reconstructive surgery can slightly increase a patient's risk of developing Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), a form of cancer that is distinct from other breast cancers. Now an article recently published in Aesthetic Surgery Journal formalizes the treatment strategy for this diagnosis, offering clear guidelines for plastic and oncologic surgeons. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and World Health Organization all recommend the surgical technique known as stepwise en bloc resection, which includes total capsulectomy (removing scar tissue around the implant), explantation (removal) of the implant, complete removal of any associated masses, and removal of any involved (proven by biopsy) or suspicious lymph nodes.
Researchers decode how cancer drug works in brains of Parkinson's disease patients Laboratory analysis from the first arm of a phase II clinical trial testing the use of nilotinib in patients with Parkinson's disease demonstrates precisely how the agent increases levels of dopamine in the brains of study participants, says a research team at Georgetown University Medical Center. Symptoms of Parkinson's, such as motor dysfunction, are a result of a dopamine loss.
	Researchers explore stroke's effects on microbiome Tumult in the bacterial community that occupies your gut—known as your microbiome—doesn't just cause indigestion. For people recovering from a stroke, it may influence how they get better.
	Pregnancy disorder subject of new Tulane study An imaging technique used to detect some forms of cancer can also help detect preeclampsia in pregnancy before it becomes a life-threatening condition, a new Tulane study says.
	Adding docetaxel-based chemotherapy to standard treatment for high-risk prostate cancer According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States in 2018. Currently, the standard of care treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer is a combination of radiotherapy (RT) and long-term (24-36 month) androgen suppression (AS). Researchers theorized that adding adjuvant docetaxel, a cytotoxic chemotherapy drug, to the standard of care RT and long-term AS treatment could potentially improve overall survival and clinical outcomes for men with localized, high-risk prostate cancer.
	Neuroscientists find brain pathway supporting an intersection of taste and pain University of Oklahoma neuroscientists have found a pathway in the brain where taste and pain intersect in a new study that originally was designed to look at the intersection of taste and food temperature. This study was the first time researchers have shown that taste and pain signals come together in the brain and use the same circuitry.
	Problem drinking linked to HIV, other sexually transmitted infections in Ugandan youth, study finds Youth living in the slums of Uganda who are infected with both HIV and sexually transmitted infections are more likely to engage in problem drinking, according to a study led by Georgia State University.
	Study finds IV and pill form of acetaminophen work equally well after hip replacement Pain management after surgery is a vital part of patient care, and research in this field is ongoing at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in New York City. One study set out to compare acetaminophen, commonly known as Tylenol, in the intravenous versus pill form as part of the overall pain management plan after hip replacement.
New Mexico mulls state-run pot shops, subsidized medical use New Mexico would become the first U.S. state to set up its own government-operated marijuana stores and subsidize medical cannabis for the poor under a bill brokered between Republicans and Democrats, as a new wave of states weighs legislation that would legalize recreational sales and consumption.
In Canada, some moms say cannabis makes them better parents Smoking cannabis has made me "a better mother," says Karine Cyr.
	'Meatless Mondays' on horizon for New York City schools Starting in September, New York city's 1.1 million school students will eat vegetarian meals on "Meatless Mondays," Mayor Bill de Blasio announced Monday.
	Effective oral hygiene can help men avoid erectile dysfunction, study finds Men who suffer from periodontitis, a disease characterised by inflammation of the gums and damage to the structures that surround and support the teeth, are at greater risk of experiencing erectile dysfunction. Effective tooth-brushing, coupled with good oral hygiene, can help prevent this type of male sexual impotence.
The first-in-human study shows BEAR procedure has similar outcomes to traditional reconstruction Today researchers at Boston Children's Hospital announce encouraging Phase I results from a first-of-its-kind study—repairing ACL tears by helping the ligament regrow itself. The results will be presented at the Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA)/American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) 2019 Specialty Day on March 16.
	US communities reach out to homeless as liver disease surges This industrial city in central Massachusetts has had many nicknames through the years, including "the Heart of the Commonwealth" and "Wormtown." Among them was this less-known medical moniker: "Hepatitisville."
	A model for more efficient use of resources after joint replacement surgery Patients who live close to the hospital at which they have undergone total hip or total knee replacement are much more likely to visit the emergency room for follow-up care of pain, inflammation and other complaints than those who live farther away, according to a new study by researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in New York City and The Ochsner Clinic in New Orleans. On the other hand, patients who live far from the hospital are much more likely to call their surgeon with questions—a more efficient use of health care resources.
HSS orthopedic surgeons address opioid epidemic head on Orthopedic surgeons at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in New York City have developed a pain management pathway designed to reduce the use of opioid analgesics after joint procedures. The effort is part of the hospital's commitment to minimize the use of opioids by its clinicians and develop alternatives to opioid-based analgesia for its patients.
	Opioid crisis: Only a US phenomenon? Addiction to prescription opioids has reached a crisis level in the United States. Now the drug is causing concern across the Atlantic. Researchers from Denmark, Norway and Sweden urge caution after discovering that prescriptions for the pain medication oxycodone have significantly increased during the last decade.
	NIH cancer chief to serve as acting FDA commissioner The head of the National Cancer Institute will temporarily take charge of the Food and Drug Administration next month after the departure of its current chief.

Biology news

	Species by the dozen moved north during marine heatwaves Dozens of species of sea slugs, jellyfish and other marine life from toastier southern waters migrated into the Northern California region over an unusually long two-year period of severe heatwaves, says a new scientific report.
	UK wild newt species free from flesh-eating fungus for now The UK's wild newt populations seem to be free from a flesh-eating lethal fungus known to be prevalent in privately-owned amphibians across Western Europe, a nationwide investigation has found.
	Mammoth moves: frozen cells come to life, but only just A team of scientists in Japan has successfully coaxed activity from 28,000-year-old cells from a frozen mammoth implanted into mouse cells, but the woolly mammal is unlikely to be walking among us soon.
	Meet India's starry dwarf frog, lone member of newly discovered ancient lineage The starry dwarf frog is an expert hider. Plunging into leaf litter at the slightest disturbance, it has successfully evaded attention for millions of years—until now.
	Mystery solved—biologists explain the genetic origins of the saffron crocus With a price tag of up to €30,000 per kilogram, saffron is the most expensive spice in the world. Sometimes it even exceeds the price of gold. Its typical aroma is produced by the apocarotenoid Safranal. Saffron is harvested from the flowers of the saffron crocus (Crocus sativus), which blooms solely in autumn. In order to yield one kilogram of saffron, 150,000 to 200,000 flowers must be harvested by hand—skilled pickers can collect 60 to 80 grams per day. Subsequently, the three stigmas of each flower are also separated manually and dried. These threads then constitute the spice saffron. Approximately 200 tonnes of saffron threads are harvested worldwide each year.
	Immediate population management needed to save remaining caribou herds, study shows The fate of woodland caribou rest on a varied, immediate and intense response to reduce predation rates, according to a University of Alberta-led comprehensive review of population recovery measures.
	Discovery brings new understanding to sophistication of microbial warfare It could be the plot of an espionage-filled, war-time thriller, or the blow-by-blow of sparring judo masters. But instead it's a true story of molecular warfare between microbes, beginning when a virus latches into a bacterium and injects its DNA, the first step toward infection.
	Study identifies a 'sensor' that activates cell migration The cytoskeleton is a structure that not only helps cells maintain their shape and internal organisation, but also enables them to perform functions like movement and migration to sites far from the place where they originated. Migration is an essential part of the spread of cancer cells to another organ or tissue (metastasis).
	Sinister blastocystis: A clandestine killer of good bacteria revealed Since most of the microbes in our gut are bacteria, they tend to hog much of the microbiome research limelight. But lurking amongst the bacteria are other microbes such as single-cell eukaryotes (SCE) and viruses, which have been largely ignored until now. Doctors and scientists have previously regarded Blastocystis, among the most common gut SCEs, as a harmless commensal organism, peacefully co-existing with its bacterial neighbors. However, that could change with the publication of a new study from NUS Medicine in Microbiome demonstrating that a subtype of Blastocystis isolated from Singapore can actually harm its neighbors and its home in an insidious way.
	Climate change could devastate painted turtles, according to new study An Iowa State University biologist is sounding the alarm for the painted turtle, one of many reptiles for which climate change could prove particularly threatening.
	Amorous planthopper bugs shake abdomen 'snapping organ' to attract mates Planthopper bugs may be small, but they attract mates from afar by sending vibrational calls along plant stems and leaves using fast, rhythmic motions of their abdomen. In a new study publishing March 12 in the open-access journal PLOS Biology, researchers at the University of Oxford show how a newly-discovered "snapping organ" enables courting bugs of both sexes to produce this shaking motion through a combination of muscle action and elastic recoil.
	Scientists release global wildlife map of 'cool-spots' and 'hot-spots' A new study maps the last vestiges of wild places where the world's threatened species can take refuge from the ravages of unregulated hunting, land clearing, and other industrial activities.
	Speedy 'slingshot' cell movement observed for the first time By slingshotting themselves forward, human cells can travel more than five times faster than previously documented.
	A lawn is better than fertilizer for growing healthy blueberries Blueberries are prone to iron deficiency—and correcting it increases their health-enhancing antioxidant content, researchers have discovered.
	Two papers describe how a membrane protein can move both lipids and ions The TMEM16 family of membrane proteins was hailed as representing the elusive calcium-activated chloride channels. However, the majority of the family members turned out to be scramblases, proteins that shuffle lipids between both sides of a lipid membrane, some also with non-selective ion conductance. In a new study on both mammalian and fungal proteins of the TMEM16 family, Cristina Paulino, head of the cryo-EM unit at the Structural Biology department at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, and colleagues from the University of Zürich, Switzerland, have shown what the structures of these proteins reveal about their function. The results were published in two back-to-back papers in the journal eLife on 12 March.
	Animal carcasses were source of river nutrients Hundreds of years ago, when the number of animals roaming North America was much higher than it is today, decomposing animal carcasses may have played a substantial role in adding nutrients to the continent's rivers and streams. According to research from the University of Georgia River Basin Center, recently published in Food Webs, their contribution may have been great enough that current models of freshwater ecosystems are incomplete.
	The largest ever catalog of bacteria in the human body contain over 150 thousands genomes The largest ever catalog of bacterial and archaeal microbes commonly populating the human body across worldwide populations has been assembled. This is the main result of a new study coordinated by Nicola Segata and Edoardo Pasolli of the Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics at the University of Trento, Italy. The work appeared online in the scientific journal "Cell".
	New study explores impacts of marine and freshwater predators on ecosystems and society A new study from a team of leading scientists reports on the diverse ways that aquatic predators, such as sharks and alligators, can impact ecosystems and also benefit human society. The study shows how these important ecological processes and ecosystem services to society can break down or recover from population losses and recoveries of aquatic predators.
	Big data takes aim at a big human problem A James Cook University scientist is part of an international team that's used new 'big data' analysis to achieve a major advance in understanding neurological disorders such as Epilepsy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
	Researchers discover a novel protein degradation pathway The nucleus is a treasure trove of biological information that keeps the cell—and thus living organisms—ticking. But many processes within the nucleus remain a mystery to scientists.
	Mowing for monarchs You might think that mowing fields wouldn't benefit monarch butterfly populations. New research from Michigan State University, however, shows that disturbances like mowing—at key times—might help boost the iconic butterfly's numbers.
	Gene-edited food quietly arrives in restaurant cooking oil Somewhere in the Midwest, a restaurant is frying foods with oil made from gene-edited soybeans. That's according to the company making the oil, which says it's the first commercial use of a gene-edited food in the U.S.
Machine-learning model provides detailed insight on proteins A novel machine-learning 'toolbox' that can read and analyse the sequences of proteins has been described today in the open-access journal eLife.
	Discovery upturns understanding of how some viruses multiply Scientists have shown that different segments of a virus genome can exist in distinct cells but work together to cause an infection.
	Phoenix is losing birds, but desert plants provided by homeowners offer habitat for desert species A persistent question among urban ecology researchers has been the long-term impact of urbanization on bird species biodiversity. Specifically, they wonder whether the portions of cities with higher diversity are simply exhibiting an "extinction debt—populations doomed to extinction but not yet disappeared—or if other factors such as range shifts or local environmental changes play a role in changes in diversity.
	Sloths: how did two different animals wind up looking so similar? Sloths and guppies appear to have little in common – one is an arboreal mammal living in the slow lane, while the other is a tiny tropical fish with a frantic existence. Yet both could hold the key to better understanding a fundamental process of evolution.

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