Nature Immunology Contents: December 2018 Volume 19 Issue 12

Advertisement Nature Index 2018 Science Cities Cities are the ideal setting for scientific exploration. They attract bright and diverse minds, are abuzz with creative activity, and can summon the capital to realize big ideas. Nature Index 2018 Science Cities profiles five regional leaders in the production of high-quality research. Access now >> TABLE OF CONTENTS December 2018 Volume 19, Issue 12 Research Highlights News & Views Review Articles Articles Resources Advertisement Announcing The Global Grants for Gut Health The Global Grants for Gut Health is a competitive programme for investigator-initiated research into the human gut microbiota, supported by Yakult and Nature Research. Learn more about funding opportunities Advertisement The application for the Harvard Medical School Master of Medical Sciences in Immunology program is now open! The MMSc in Immunology is a comprehensive two-year program in basic and clinical immunology, including extensive coursework and laboratory-based research with leading Harvard faculty. To learn more, please visit http://mmscimmunology.hms.harvard.edu/.   Advertisement Nature Outline: Ulcerative Colitis Ulcerative colitis is a debilitating and incurable condition. But researchers have found fresh angles of attack, and a host of upcoming treatments raise the prospect of a durable victory against this common form of inflammatory bowel disease. Access free online Produced with support from Himuka AM TRI   Research Highlights Villus regional heterogeneity    p1277 Ioana Visan doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0266-0 Rules of engagement    p1277 Ioana Visan doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0267-z Metabolic crosstalk    p1277 Laurie A. Dempsey doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0268-y Microglial activity in brain injury    p1277 Zoltan Fehervari doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0270-4 Treg cell tune-up    p1277 Zoltan Fehervari doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0271-3 Immunology EVENT 1st Immunology & Inflammation (I & I) Conference 24.02.19 Berlin, Germany More science events from News & Views LAG-3: a very singular immune checkpoint    pp1278 - 1279 Yuan Lui & Simon J. Davis doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0257-1 CD8 helps TCR catch slippery self pMHC    pp1280 - 1281 Omer Dushek & Michael L. Dustin doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0261-5 Tumors sweeten macrophages with acids    pp1281 - 1283 Hiroki Sekine, Masayuki Yamamoto & Hozumi Motohashi doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0258-0 TCF-1 takes HEB up a Notch    pp1283 - 1285 Christelle Harly & Thomas Ciucci doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0263-3 Advertisement Map the Adaptive Immune Response with Single Cell Analysis Transform your research with a comprehensive approach to map the adaptive immune response-study dynamic interactions between lymphocytes and antigens, dissect mechanisms contributing to lymphocyte differentiation and memory development, and accelerate immunotherapy discovery. Get a more comprehensive molecular readout, cell by cell, with 10x Genomics' new single cell solutions.   Review Articles The epithelial immune microenvironment (EIME) in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis    pp1286 - 1298 Teruki Dainichi, Akihiko Kitoh, Atsushi Otsuka, Saeko Nakajima, Takashi Nomura et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0256-2 Kabashima and colleagues review inflammatory skin disorders by discussing the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Advertisement Why is innate immunity an under-appreciated aspect of immunotherapy? Researchers have now identified methods to elicit the innate immune system to exhibit heightened anti-infective activity while at the same time decreasing the inflammatory response. Could this offer a new approach for immunotherapy? Read more here » In association with Soligenix   Articles Inflammation induced by influenza virus impairs human innate immune control of pneumococcus    pp1299 - 1308 Simon P. Jochems, Fernando Marcon, Beatriz F. Carniel, Mark Holloway, Elena Mitsi et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0231-y Pneumococcal carriage in the upper respiratory tract is an important determinant of influenza severity. Jochems et al. use human systems analysis to show that influenza-induced inflammation increases bacterial burden in the nasal cavity with implications for secondary bacterial pneumonia. Autocrine–paracrine prostaglandin E2 signaling restricts TLR4 internalization and TRIF signaling    pp1309 - 1318 Darren J. Perkins, Katharina Richard, Anne-Marie Hansen, Wendy Lai, Shreeram Nallar et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0243-7 Endosomal TLR4 signaling activates type I interferons via a TRIF-dependent pathway. Vogel and colleagues identify autocrine production of PGE2–EP4–cAMP as a negative regulator of the TRIF pathway that suppresses IFN-β expression induced by Gram-negative bacteria. Tumor immunoevasion via acidosis-dependent induction of regulatory tumor-associated macrophages    pp1319 - 1329 Toszka Bohn, Steffen Rapp, Natascha Luther, Matthias Klein, Till-Julius Bruehl et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0226-8 Tumors can vary in both their control by immunosurveillance and their glycolytic activity. Bopp and colleagues demonstrate that highly glycolytic tumors acidify their microenvironment and use this to initiate a mechanism of localized immunosuppression. Metabolic reprogramming of natural killer cells in obesity limits antitumor responses    pp1330 - 1340 Xavier Michelet, Lydia Dyck, Andrew Hogan, Roisin M. Loftus, Danielle Duquette et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0251-7 Obesity is a risk factor for cancer. Lynch and colleagues show that obesity alters the cellular metabolism of natural killer cells and decreases their antitumor surveillance and effector responses. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells control B cell accumulation in the central nervous system during autoimmunity    pp1341 - 1351 Benjamin Knier, Michael Hiltensperger, Christopher Sie, Lilian Aly, Gildas Lepennetier et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0237-5 Korn and colleagues show that PMN-MDSCs restrain B cell accumulation in the central nervous system in autoimmune inflammation. The γδTCR combines innate immunity with adaptive immunity by utilizing spatially distinct regions for agonist selection and antigen responsiveness    pp1352 - 1365 Daisy Melandri, Iva Zlatareva, Raphaël A. G. Chaleil, Robin J. Dart, Andrew Chancellor et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0253-5 Hayday and colleagues show that the responsiveness of mouse and human γδ IELs to Btnl or BTNL proteins is mediated by germline-encoded motifs within the cognate TCR Vγ chains, while Vγ chain motifs generated by somatic gene rearrangement remain available for nominal antigen binding. TCF-1 and HEB cooperate to establish the epigenetic and transcription profiles of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes    pp1366 - 1378 Akinola Olumide Emmanuel, Stephen Arnovitz, Leila Haghi, Priya S. Mathur, Soumi Mondal et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0254-4 Thymocyte development requires a complex orchestration of multiple transcription factors. Gournari and colleagues find that Tcf-1 and HEB cooperate to establish the epigenetic and transcription profiles of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes A TCR mechanotransduction signaling loop induces negative selection in the thymus    pp1379 - 1390 Jinsung Hong, Chenghao Ge, Prithiviraj Jothikumar, Zhou Yuan, Baoyu Liu et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0259-z Zhu and colleagues show that negative-selection ligands induce cooperative TCR–pMHC–CD8 trimolecular 'catch bonds', whereas positive-selection ligands induce TCR–pMHC and pMHC–CD8 bimolecular 'slip bonds'. Activated β-catenin in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells links inflammatory environments to autoimmunity    pp1391 - 1402 Tomokazu Sumida, Matthew R. Lincoln, Chinonso M. Ukeje, Donald M. Rodriguez, Hiroshi Akazawa et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0236-6 Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) can destabilize in inflammatory environments. Sumida et al. show that β-catenin signaling perturbs Treg cell function in patients with multiple sclerosis and under experimental high-salt conditions. Human retinoic acid–regulated CD161+ regulatory T cells support wound repair in intestinal mucosa    pp1403 - 1414 Giovanni A. M. Povoleri, Estefania Nova-Lamperti, Cristiano Scottà, Giorgia Fanelli, Yun-Ching Chen et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0230-z Treg cells are essential for enforcing peripheral tolerance but can also influence tissue regeneration. Afzali and colleagues use high-dimensional analysis to describe a distinct population of CD161+ human Treg cells involved in wound healing of the intestinal mucosa. LAG-3 inhibits the activation of CD4+ T cells that recognize stable pMHCII through its conformation-dependent recognition of pMHCII    pp1415 - 1426 Takumi Maruhashi, Il-mi Okazaki, Daisuke Sugiura, Suzuka Takahashi, Takeo K. Maeda et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0217-9 LAG-3 is a co-inhibitory receptor on T cells, but its mode of action is controversial. Okazaki and colleagues demonstrate that LAG-3 preferentially binds stable MHC class II complexes and thereby selectively maintains tolerance of self-reactive T cells. Resources Bcl11b sets pro-T cell fate by site-specific cofactor recruitment and by repressing Id2 and Zbtb16    pp1427 - 1440 Hiroyuki Hosokawa, Maile Romero-Wolf, Mary A. Yui, Jonas Ungerbäck, Maria L. G. Quiloan et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0238-4 Bcl11b is needed to establish T cell–lineage identity. Rothenberg and colleagues provide a comprehensive analysis of Bcl11b–cofactor interactions and reveal the functional relevance of direct and indirect Bcl11b binding activity in thymocytes. Advertisement Focal Point on Nanomedicine in Japan - A race against time and old age - Nanomedicine is on the frontline of Japan's efforts to revitalise its economy, and it may pre-emptively solve some of the world's toughest problems to boot.   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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