| | Somatic APP gene recombination in Alzheimer's disease and normal neurons
The gene for the amyloid precursor protein (APP) shows somatic gene recombination in neurons, and the abundance and diversity of APP variants is increased in neurons from individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
Ming-Hsiang Lee, Benjamin Siddoway, Gwendolyn E. Kaeser et al. | Distinct activity-gated pathways mediate attraction and aversion to CO2 in Drosophila
Drosophila melanogaster are attracted to CO2 when in an active, foraging state but experience aversion to CO2 at low-activity levels, whereas they are attracted to ethanol in all behavioural states.
Floris van Breugel, Ainul Huda, Michael H. Dickinson | Helios is a key transcriptional regulator of outer hair cell maturation
Ikzf2, which encodes the transcription factor Helios, is identified as a crucial regulator of gene expression in maturing cochlear outer hair cells, and overexpression of Ikzf2 in inner hair cells induces prestin expression and electromotility.
Lauren Chessum, Maggie S. Matern, Michael C. Kelly et al. | Efferocytosis induces a novel SLC program to promote glucose uptake and lactate release
Distinct transcriptional programs are activated during different stages of apoptotic cell engulfment, including a unique program of genes coding for solute carrier proteins and enzymes in the glycolytic pathway.
Sho Morioka, Justin S. A. Perry, Michael H. Raymond et al. | Quantum control of surface acoustic-wave phonons
A non-classical superposition of zero- and one-phonon mechanical Fock states is generated and measured by strongly coupling a surface acoustic-wave resonator to a superconducting qubit.
K. J. Satzinger, Y. P. Zhong, H.-S. Chang et al. | TIC236 links the outer and inner membrane translocons of the chloroplast
TIC236 is an inner-membrane protein that binds to the outer-membrane channel TOC75 to create a long, stable bridge that enables the transport of proteins into chloroplasts.
Yih-Lin Chen, Lih-Jen Chen, Chiung-Chih Chu et al. | A bacterium's enemy isn't your friend
The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of hard-to-treat human infections. It now seems that, if the bacterium is infected by a virus, a viral enzyme helps the microbe to evade detection by the immune system.
Michael S. Gilmore, Ona K. Miller | Mannose impairs tumour growth and enhances chemotherapy
Mannose reduces the growth of tumour cells by impairing the metabolism of glucose, and enhances cell death when used in combination with conventional chemotherapy.
Pablo Sierra Gonzalez, James O'Prey, Simone Cardaci et al. | U–Pb-dated flowstones restrict South African early hominin record to dry climate phases
Climate-driven periodicity of flowstone accretion between 3.2 and 1.3 million years ago in Cradle of Humankind caves reveals that the presence of hominin fossils reflects accumulation in open caves during intermittent, substantially drier phases.
Robyn Pickering, Andy I. R. Herries, Jon D. Woodhead et al. | Creation and control of multi-phonon Fock states in a bulk acoustic-wave resonator
Circuit quantum acoustodynamics is used to achieve controlled generation of multi-phonon Fock states in a bulk acoustic-wave resonator, which are demonstrated to have a quantum nature.
Yiwen Chu, Prashanta Kharel, Taekwan Yoon et al. | Exit route evolved into entry path in plants
Chloroplast organelles in plant cells are thought to have evolved from bacterial cells. It emerges that the protein-import system in chloroplasts arose from components that export proteins out of bacteria.
Danny J. Schnell | Structural plasticity of D3–D14 ubiquitin ligase in strigolactone signalling
The plant F-box protein D3 has a C-terminal α-helix that switches between two conformational states, allowing the α/β hydrolase D14 to recruit the transcription repressor D53 for strigolactone-dependent degradation.
Nitzan Shabek, Fabrizio Ticchiarelli, Haibin Mao et al. | A newly discovered mechanism driving neuronal mutations in Alzheimer's disease
Variable brain-specific mutations have been observed in Alzheimer's disease. One mechanism underlying this mosaicism involves integration of variant gene copies back into the neuronal genome.
Guoliang Chai, Joseph G. Gleeson | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alters cell wall glycosylation to evade immunity
Strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus use a prophage-encoded glycosyltransferase to alter the glycosylation of their wall teichoic acid and thereby evade antibody-mediated immune responses.
David Gerlach, Yinglan Guo, Cristina De Castro et al. | Amphioxus functional genomics and the origins of vertebrate gene regulation
Genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data derived from the Mediterranean amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) provide insights into the evolution of the genomic regulatory landscape of chordates.
Ferdinand Marlétaz, Panos N. Firbas, Ignacio Maeso et al. | From the archive
What Nature said about the 1968 flu epidemic and the reinstatement of public weather forecasts in the United Kingdom at the end of the First World War.
| Reduced oxygen consumption by fat cells improves metabolic defects
Low oxygen levels are a hallmark of expanding fat tissue in obesity, and can lead to type 2 diabetes. In addition to a lack of adequate blood supply, increased oxygen demand in fat cells now emerges as being key to this harmful state.
Nolwenn Joffin, Philipp E. Scherer | Change in future climate due to Antarctic meltwater
Accounting for meltwater from the Antarctic Ice Sheet in simulations of global climate leads to substantial changes in future climate projections and identifies a potential feedback mechanism that exacerbates melting.
Ben Bronselaer, Michael Winton, Stephen M. Griffies et al. | VCAM-1+ macrophages guide the homing of HSPCs to a vascular niche
In zebrafish embryogenesis, nascent haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), homing to a vascular niche for retention, are ushered by patrolling and guiding macrophages through integrin-mediated cell-cell recognition.
Dantong Li, Wenzhi Xue, Mei Li et al. | Late Middle Pleistocene Levallois stone-tool technology in southwest China
Levallois stone-tool technology found at the Guanyindong Cave site in southwest China was dated to approximately 170,000–80,000 years ago, which is much earlier than previously thought.
Yue Hu, Ben Marwick, Jia-Fu Zhang et al. | Cryptic connections illuminate pathogen transmission within community networks
Cryptic connections facilitate the community-wide spread of disease both within and among species.
Joseph R. Hoyt, Kate E. Langwig, J. Paul White et al. | Long-sought decay of the Higgs boson seen
Measurements of the strength of interactions between the Higgs boson and other particles test the current model of particle physics. A key part of this model has been confirmed by observing the most common decay of the Higgs boson.
Boris Tuchming | | | | | | Nature Outlook: Brain cancer
The uncontrolled growth of a tumour inside the brain creates an extraordinarily potent threat to our being. A diagnosis of brain cancer still carries the high likelihood of death within five years. But efforts to prolong survival are advancing on several fronts.
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Produced with support from Novocure | | | | | | LEDs for photons, physiology and food
This Perspective discusses developments in LED-based solid-state lighting for physiological and agricultural applications, and the anticipated benefits in terms of health and productivity.
P. M. Pattison, J. Y. Tsao, G. C. Brainard et al. | | | Improved reference genome of Aedes aegypti informs arbovirus vector control
An improved, fully re-annotated Aedes aegypti genome assembly (AaegL5) provides insights into the sex-determining M locus, chemosensory systems that help mosquitoes to hunt humans and loci involved in insecticide resistance and will help to generate intervention strategies to fight this deadly disease vector.
Benjamin J. Matthews, Olga Dudchenko, Sarah B. Kingan et al. | | TDP-43 and RNA form amyloid-like myo-granules in regenerating muscle
Cytoplasmic, amyloid-like oligomeric assemblies that contain TDP-43 are increased in damaged tissues with elevated regeneration, thereby enhancing the possibility of amyloid fibre formation and/or aggregation of TDP-43 in disease.
Thomas O. Vogler, Joshua R. Wheeler, Eric D. Nguyen et al. | | | Dinosaur egg colour had a single evolutionary origin
A phylogenetic assessment based on Raman microspectroscopy of pigment traces in fossilized eggshells from all major dinosaur clades reveals that eggshell coloration and pigment pattern originated in nonavian theropod dinosaurs.
Jasmina Wiemann, Tzu-Ruei Yang, Mark A. Norell | | Protocadherin-1 is essential for cell entry by New World hantaviruses
New World hantaviruses—which cause a severe human respiratory disease—use surface glycoproteins to bind to the human protocadherin-1 protein and enter endothelial cells in vitro; depleting protocadherin-1 in Syrian golden hamsters largely protects against disease.
Rohit K. Jangra, Andrew S. Herbert, Rong Li et al. | | Autophagy maintains tumour growth through circulating arginine
Mice with whole-body or liver-specific deletion of Atg7 release circulating arginase I and have reduced levels of serum arginine, which impairs the growth of allografted arginine-auxotrophic tumours.
Laura Poillet-Perez, Xiaoqi Xie, Le Zhan et al. | | The entropic force generated by intrinsically disordered segments tunes protein function
The carboxy terminus of human UDP-α-d-glucose-6-dehydrogenase is structurally disordered, but has sequence-independent effects on the conformation of the enzyme and binding of an allosteric inhibitor, suggesting a reason for the persistence of intrinsically disordered peptide segments in the proteome.
Nicholas D. Keul, Krishnadev Oruganty, Elizabeth T. Schaper Bergman et al. | | | | | |
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