Thursday, November 15, 2018

Nature contents: 15 November 2018

 
  journal cover  
Nature Volume 563 Issue 7731
 
This Week  
 
 
Editorial  
 
 
 
A boost for Palestinian science
How a simple 'thank you' could improve clinical trials
US elections signal a welcome change for science
 
Advertising.
World View  
 
 
 
If you can't build well, then build nothing at all
William Laurance
Research Highlights  
 
 
 
This issue's Research Highlights
Selections from the scientific literature.
Seven Days  
 
 
 
Keystone pipeline blocked, statistics prize and horse cull
 
 
 
Current bulk NGS methods are inadequate to fully characterize cancer. Targeted single-cell DNA analysis resolves genetic heterogeneity, which has critical implications in understanding tumor evolution and the acquisition of therapeutic resistance. Read our spotlight and learn how you can use Tapestri to move precision medicine forward.
 
 
 
News in Focus
 
News  
 
 
 
China's crackdown on genetics breaches could deter data sharing
David Cyranoski
Science candidates prevail in US midterm elections
Jane J. Lee, Amy Maxmen, Jeremy Rehm et al.
Ancient genomics is recasting the story of the Americas' first residents
Ewen Callaway
Sanger whistle-blowers dispute findings that cleared management of bullying
Holly Else
'Invisible' mice reveal anatomical secrets
Sara Reardon
Italy's olive crisis intensifies as deadly tree disease spreads
Alison Abbott
Features  
 
 
 
In the Palestinian territories, science struggles against all odds
Alison Abbott
How Facebook and Twitter could be the next disruptive force in clinical trials
Heidi Ledford
 
 
Multimedia  
 
 
Nature Podcast 15 November 2018
This week, evidence of a nearby exoplanet, and clinical trials in a social media world.
 
 
Comment
 
Comment  
 
 
 
Be open about drug failures to speed up research
Enrica Alteri, Lorenzo Guizzaro
Books and Arts  
 
 
 
The forgotten quantum pioneer who turned wartime spy
Davide Castelvecchi
Ancient cities rescued from rubble, bit by bit
Laura Spinney
Lake Lazarus: the strange rebirth of a Californian ecosystem
Amy Maxmen
Ethics at the cutting edge, beastly movers and shakers, and teeth as time machines: Books in brief.
Barbara Kiser
Correspondence  
 
 
 
Networks and mentors help female scientists in Africa and Middle East
Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
Paying PIs from grants blocks talent and diversity
Emily Bernstein, Alexander Meissner, Miguel Ramalho-Santos
Written lab agreements improve mentoring
Sarah Hagerty, Nichole Barger, Scott Taylor et al.
Governments should unite to curb meat consumption
Philip Lymbery
3D print so more scholars can access unique specimens
Luis Fernando Marin da Fonte
Obituary  
 
 
 
Kuen Charles Kao (1933–2018)
Polina Bayvel
 
 
Careers
 
Features  
 
 
 
How to turn your interests into a career
Emily Sohn
Columns  
 
 
 
Why I became a mental-health first-aider at my research institute
James Turner
 
 
Futures
 
Say it with mastodons
Marissa Lingen
 
 
Research
 
NEW ONLINE  
 
 
 
Enhanced strength and ductility in a high-entropy alloy via ordered oxygen complexes
Ordered oxygen complexes in high-entropy alloys enhance both strength and ductility in these compositionally complex solid solutions.
Zhifeng Lei, Xiongjun Liu, Yuan Wu et al.
Improved reference genome of Aedes aegypti informs arbovirus vector control
An improved, fully re-annotated Aedes aegypti genome assembly (AaegL5) provides insights into the sex-determining M locus, chemosensory systems that help mosquitoes to hunt humans and loci involved in insecticide resistance and will help to generate intervention strategies to fight this deadly disease vector.
Benjamin J. Matthews, Olga Dudchenko, Sarah B. Kingan et al.
Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes
An immunoprecipitation-based protocol is developed to analyse DNA methylation in small quantities of circulating cell-free DNA, and can detect and classify cancers in plasma samples from several tumour types.
Shu Yi Shen, Rajat Singhania, Gordon Fehringer et al.
Similar cranial trauma prevalence among Neanderthals and Upper Palaeolithic modern humans
Neanderthals and Upper Palaeolithic modern humans exhibit similar overall incidences of cranial trauma that are higher for males of both taxa; however, there are species-specific, age-related variations in trauma prevalence.
Judith Beier, Nils Anthes, Joachim Wahl et al.
The hippocampus is crucial for forming non-hippocampal long-term memory during sleep
Hippocampal activity during a period of sleep after memory encoding is crucial for forming long-term memories in rats, even for types of memory considered not to be hippocampus-dependent.
Anuck Sawangjit, Carlos N. Oyanedel, Niels Niethard et al.
Linking a cell-division gene and a suicide gene to define and improve cell therapy safety
Introduction of a suicide gene together with a linked cell-division gene to generate a safe-cell system enables the selective elimination of proliferating cells after cell transplantation in mouse models of cell therapy.
Qin Liang, Claudio Monetti, Maria V. Shutova et al.
The not-so-dangerous lives of Neanderthals
Have Neanderthals gained an unfair reputation for having led highly violent lives? A comparison of skulls of Neanderthals and prehistoric humans in Eurasia reveals no evidence of higher levels of trauma in these hominins.
Marta Mirazón Lahr
Autophagy maintains tumour growth through circulating arginine
Mice with whole-body or liver-specific deletion of Atg7 release circulating arginase I and have reduced levels of serum arginine, which impairs the growth of allografted arginine-auxotrophic tumours.
Laura Poillet-Perez, Xiaoqi Xie, Le Zhan et al.
Improved mosquito genome points to population-control strategies
A high-quality genome sequence for the mosquito Aedes aegypti has now been assembled. The sequence will enable researchers to identify genes that could be targeted to keep mosquito populations at bay.
Susan E. Celniker
Hemimastigophora is a novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes
Phylogenetic analyses based on single-cell transcriptomic data from two hemimastigotes, a Spironema species and the newly described Hemimastix kukwesjijk, indicate that Hemimastigophora is a supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes.
Gordon Lax, Yana Eglit, Laura Eme et al.
Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change
With global warming, Andean forests are changing to include more trees of low-elevation, heat-loving species but rates of compositional change are not uniform across elevations and are insufficient to keep species in equilibrium with climate.
Belén Fadrique, Selene Báez, Álvaro Duque et al.
POLAR-guided signalling complex assembly and localization drive asymmetric cell division
POLAR, identified in a survey of the protein interactome of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, has a key role in coordinating cell polarity and enabling asymmetric cell division.
Anaxi Houbaert, Cheng Zhang, Manish Tiwari et al.
The entropic force generated by intrinsically disordered segments tunes protein function
The carboxy terminus of human UDP-α-D-glucose-6-dehydrogenase is structurally disordered, but has sequence-independent effects on the conformation of the enzyme and binding of an allosteric inhibitor, suggesting a reason for the persistence of intrinsically disordered peptide segments in the proteome.
Nicholas D. Keul, Krishnadev Oruganty, Elizabeth T. Schaper Bergman et al.
Cryo-EM structures and dynamics of substrate-engaged human 26S proteasome
Yuanchen Dong, Shuwen Zhang, Zhaolong Wu et al.
 
News & Views  
 
 
 
Definitions for adult stem cells debated
Pura Muñoz-Cánoves, Meritxell Huch
A key piece in the exoplanet puzzle
Rodrigo F. Díaz
Gut microbes alter the walking activity of fruit flies
Angela E. Douglas
 
Increased synthesis of a coenzyme linked to longevity can combat disease
Samir M. Parikh
Combination treatment prevents HIV re-emergence in monkeys
Sharon R. Lewin
From the archive
Water takes a deep dive into an oceanic tectonic plate
Donna J. Shillington
Practically simple reactions convert hydrocarbons to precious chemicals
James P. Morken
Cell atlas reveals the landscape of early pregnancy
Sumati Rajagopalan, Eric O. Long
Articles  
 
 
 
Anthropogenic influences on major tropical cyclone events
Climate model simulations reveal that recent destructive tropical cyclones would have been equally intense in terms of wind speed but would have produced less rainfall if these events had occurred in pre-industrial climates, and in future climates they would have greater wind speeds and rainfall.
Christina M. Patricola, Michael F. Wehner
Single-cell reconstruction of the early maternal–fetal interface in humans
Transcriptomes of about 70,000 single cells from first-trimester deciduas and placentas reveal subsets of perivascular, stromal and natural killer cells in the decidua, with distinct immunomodulatory profiles that regulate the environment necessary for successful placentation.
Roser Vento-Tormo, Mirjana Efremova, Rachel A. Botting et al.
De novo NAD+ synthesis enhances mitochondrial function and improves health
Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of α-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase increases NAD+ and improves mitochondrial function in nematodes and mice, and may have therapeutic potential in kidney and liver disease.
Elena Katsyuba, Adrienne Mottis, Marika Zietak et al.
Antibody and TLR7 agonist delay viral rebound in SHIV-infected monkeys
In monkeys infected with an AIDS-like virus, a combination of a broadly neutralizing antibody and an immune stimulator during antiretroviral therapy suppressed viral rebound after antiretroviral drug discontinuation.
Erica N. Borducchi, Jinyan Liu, Joseph P. Nkolola et al.
Letters  
 
 
 
A candidate super-Earth planet orbiting near the snow line of Barnard's star
Analysis of 20 years of observations of Barnard's star from seven facilities reveals a signal with a period of 233 days that is indicative of a companion planet.
I. Ribas, M. Tuomi, A. Reiners et al.
Emergence of multi-body interactions in a fermionic lattice clock
Clock spectroscopy of ultracold strontium atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice is used to observe the onset of multi-body interactions that result from the underlying pairwise interactions between atoms.
A. Goban, R. B. Hutson, G. E. Marti et al.
Three-dimensional collective charge excitations in electron-doped copper oxide superconductors
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering on electron-doped copper oxide superconductors reveals a three-dimensional charge collective mode, which has properties suggestive of the long-sought acoustic plasmon.
M. Hepting, L. Chaix, E. W. Huang et al.
Catalytic enantioconvergent coupling of secondary and tertiary electrophiles with olefins
Nickel-catalysed coupling of racemic alkyl electrophiles and olefins in the presence of a hydrosilane is achieved with good enantioselectivity and yield under very mild reaction conditions.
Zhaobin Wang, Haolin Yin, Gregory C. Fu
Urbanization exacerbated the rainfall and flooding caused by hurricane Harvey in Houston
Modelling the contribution of urbanization to the impacts associated with hurricane Harvey in August 2017 shows that urbanization worsens rainfall and flooding.
Wei Zhang, Gabriele Villarini, Gabriel A. Vecchi et al.
Water input into the Mariana subduction zone estimated from ocean-bottom seismic data
Seismic images of Earth's crust and uppermost mantle around the Mariana trench show widespread serpentinization, suggesting that much more water is subducted than previously thought.
Chen Cai, Douglas A. Wiens, Weisen Shen et al.
Remarkable muscles, remarkable locomotion in desert-dwelling wildebeest
Wildebeest, particularly during their long migrations under hot arid conditions, gain a considerable increase in range as a result of having highly efficient muscles.
Nancy A. Curtin, Hattie L. A. Bartlam-Brooks, Tatjana Y. Hubel et al.
Dopamine enhances signal-to-noise ratio in cortical-brainstem encoding of aversive stimuli
Dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex modulates behavioural responses to aversive stimuli by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of neurons projecting to the dorsal periaqueductal grey.
Caitlin M. Vander Weele, Cody A. Siciliano, Gillian A. Matthews et al.
A gut microbial factor modulates locomotor behaviour in Drosophila
Female Drosophila that lack a microbiota are hyperactive, and xylose isomerase from Lactobacillus brevis is sufficient to reverse this effect.
Catherine E. Schretter, Jost Vielmetter, Imre Bartos et al.
Distinct proteostasis circuits cooperate in nuclear and cytoplasmic protein quality control
Ubiquitin chains linked to cytoplasmic misfolded proteins are different from those linked to nuclear misfolded proteins, each requiring a distinct combination of molecular chaperones and ubiquitination circuitries.
Rahul S. Samant, Christine M. Livingston, Emily M. Sontag et al.
The metabolite dimethylsulfoxonium propionate extends the marine organosulfur cycle
A structurally unusual zwitterionic metabolite, dimethylsulfoxonium propionate (DMSOP), is synthesized by several dimethylsulfoniopropionate-producing microalgae and marine bacteria and is readily metabolized into dimethylsulfoxide by marine bacteria, expanding our knowledge of the marine organosulfur cycle.
Kathleen Thume, Björn Gebser, Liang Chen et al.
Metal-free ribonucleotide reduction powered by a DOPA radical in Mycoplasma pathogens
A subclass of ribonucleotide reductase in Mycoplasma pathogens contains a stable radical formed from a modified tyrosine residue, overturning the presumed requirement for a dinuclear metal site in aerobic ribonucleotide reductase.
Vivek Srinivas, Hugo Lebrette, Daniel Lundin et al.
Structures of the intermediates of Kok's photosynthetic water oxidation clock
Crystallography and spectroscopy are used to solve high-resolution structures of the intermediates of Kok's S-state clock in photosystem II.
Jan Kern, Ruchira Chatterjee, Iris D. Young et al.
Cryo-EM structures of a human ABCG2 mutant trapped in ATP-bound and substrate-bound states
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the ABCG2 protein in ATP- and substrate-bound states reveal the location of substrate binding, conformational changes required for substrate translocation and how inhibitors might be distinguished from substrates.
Ioannis Manolaridis, Scott M. Jackson, Nicholas M. I. Taylor et al.
 
 
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Amendments & Corrections
 
Author Correction: Inositol phosphates are assembly co-factors for HIV-1
Robert A. Dick, Kaneil K. Zadrozny, Chaoyi Xu et al.
Author Correction: Meikin is a conserved regulator of meiosis-I-specific kinetochore function
Jihye Kim, Kei-ichiro Ishiguro, Aya Nambu et al.
Publisher Correction: Suppression of insulin feedback enhances the efficacy of PI3K inhibitors
Benjamin D. Hopkins, Chantal Pauli, Xing Du et al.
Publisher Correction: Neonatal selection by Toll-like receptor 5 influences long-term gut microbiota composition
Marcus Fulde, Felix Sommer, Benoit Chassaing et al.
 
 
Collections
 
Focal Point  
 
 
 
Nanomedicine in Japan
Nature Outlook  
 
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 
 
 

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