| Enhanced strength and ductility in a high-entropy alloy via ordered oxygen complexes Ordered oxygen complexes in high-entropy alloys enhance both strength and ductility in these compositionally complex solid solutions. Zhifeng Lei, Xiongjun Liu, Yuan Wu et al. | Improved reference genome of Aedes aegypti informs arbovirus vector control An improved, fully re-annotated Aedes aegypti genome assembly (AaegL5) provides insights into the sex-determining M locus, chemosensory systems that help mosquitoes to hunt humans and loci involved in insecticide resistance and will help to generate intervention strategies to fight this deadly disease vector. Benjamin J. Matthews, Olga Dudchenko, Sarah B. Kingan et al. | Sensitive tumour detection and classification using plasma cell-free DNA methylomes An immunoprecipitation-based protocol is developed to analyse DNA methylation in small quantities of circulating cell-free DNA, and can detect and classify cancers in plasma samples from several tumour types. Shu Yi Shen, Rajat Singhania, Gordon Fehringer et al. | Similar cranial trauma prevalence among Neanderthals and Upper Palaeolithic modern humans Neanderthals and Upper Palaeolithic modern humans exhibit similar overall incidences of cranial trauma that are higher for males of both taxa; however, there are species-specific, age-related variations in trauma prevalence. Judith Beier, Nils Anthes, Joachim Wahl et al. | The hippocampus is crucial for forming non-hippocampal long-term memory during sleep Hippocampal activity during a period of sleep after memory encoding is crucial for forming long-term memories in rats, even for types of memory considered not to be hippocampus-dependent. Anuck Sawangjit, Carlos N. Oyanedel, Niels Niethard et al. | Linking a cell-division gene and a suicide gene to define and improve cell therapy safety Introduction of a suicide gene together with a linked cell-division gene to generate a safe-cell system enables the selective elimination of proliferating cells after cell transplantation in mouse models of cell therapy. Qin Liang, Claudio Monetti, Maria V. Shutova et al. | The not-so-dangerous lives of Neanderthals Have Neanderthals gained an unfair reputation for having led highly violent lives? A comparison of skulls of Neanderthals and prehistoric humans in Eurasia reveals no evidence of higher levels of trauma in these hominins. Marta Mirazón Lahr | Autophagy maintains tumour growth through circulating arginine Mice with whole-body or liver-specific deletion of Atg7 release circulating arginase I and have reduced levels of serum arginine, which impairs the growth of allografted arginine-auxotrophic tumours. Laura Poillet-Perez, Xiaoqi Xie, Le Zhan et al. | Improved mosquito genome points to population-control strategies A high-quality genome sequence for the mosquito Aedes aegypti has now been assembled. The sequence will enable researchers to identify genes that could be targeted to keep mosquito populations at bay. Susan E. Celniker | Hemimastigophora is a novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes Phylogenetic analyses based on single-cell transcriptomic data from two hemimastigotes, a Spironema species and the newly described Hemimastix kukwesjijk, indicate that Hemimastigophora is a supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes. Gordon Lax, Yana Eglit, Laura Eme et al. | Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change With global warming, Andean forests are changing to include more trees of low-elevation, heat-loving species but rates of compositional change are not uniform across elevations and are insufficient to keep species in equilibrium with climate. Belén Fadrique, Selene Báez, Álvaro Duque et al. | POLAR-guided signalling complex assembly and localization drive asymmetric cell division POLAR, identified in a survey of the protein interactome of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, has a key role in coordinating cell polarity and enabling asymmetric cell division. Anaxi Houbaert, Cheng Zhang, Manish Tiwari et al. | The entropic force generated by intrinsically disordered segments tunes protein function The carboxy terminus of human UDP-α-D-glucose-6-dehydrogenase is structurally disordered, but has sequence-independent effects on the conformation of the enzyme and binding of an allosteric inhibitor, suggesting a reason for the persistence of intrinsically disordered peptide segments in the proteome. Nicholas D. Keul, Krishnadev Oruganty, Elizabeth T. Schaper Bergman et al. | Cryo-EM structures and dynamics of substrate-engaged human 26S proteasome Yuanchen Dong, Shuwen Zhang, Zhaolong Wu et al. | | | Anthropogenic influences on major tropical cyclone events Climate model simulations reveal that recent destructive tropical cyclones would have been equally intense in terms of wind speed but would have produced less rainfall if these events had occurred in pre-industrial climates, and in future climates they would have greater wind speeds and rainfall. Christina M. Patricola, Michael F. Wehner | | Single-cell reconstruction of the early maternal–fetal interface in humans Transcriptomes of about 70,000 single cells from first-trimester deciduas and placentas reveal subsets of perivascular, stromal and natural killer cells in the decidua, with distinct immunomodulatory profiles that regulate the environment necessary for successful placentation. Roser Vento-Tormo, Mirjana Efremova, Rachel A. Botting et al. | | | The metabolite dimethylsulfoxonium propionate extends the marine organosulfur cycle A structurally unusual zwitterionic metabolite, dimethylsulfoxonium propionate (DMSOP), is synthesized by several dimethylsulfoniopropionate-producing microalgae and marine bacteria and is readily metabolized into dimethylsulfoxide by marine bacteria, expanding our knowledge of the marine organosulfur cycle. Kathleen Thume, Björn Gebser, Liang Chen et al. | | | | | |
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