Nature Geoscience contents: October 2018 Volume 11 Number 10

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Advertisement Meet the shortlist! The shortlist for this year's Nature Research Awards for Inspiring Science and Innovating Science has been announced. These Awards showcase exceptional achievements of leading women in science and of those who have encouraged girls and women to engage with STEM subjects. See more about our shortlisted nominees > In partnership with The Estée Lauder Companies.   TABLE OF CONTENTS October 2018 Volume 11, Issue 10 Editorial News & Views Review Articles Articles Advertisement Serpentinite in the Earth System Scientific Discussion meeting organised by Dr Andrew McCaig, Professor Peter Kelemen, Professor Gretchen Früh-Green and Professor Damon Teagle. Discussing serpentinisation, a process involved in the origin of life on Earth and the carrying of water to depth in subduction zones. View the programme and register online   Advertisement   Nature Index 2018 Earth and Environmental Sciences Climate change is not the only research topic in the Earth and environmental sciences, but few researchers in the discipline work without reference to it. Just as we have depended on them to identify the problem, we look to them for solutions that will help create a better future. Read the full supplement.   Advertisement Publishing online monthly, Nature Astronomy aims to bring together astronomers, astrophysicists and planetary scientists. In addition to the latest advances in research, we offer Comment and Opinion pieces on topical subjects of relevance to our community, including the societal impact of astronomy and updates on telescopes and space missions.  SUBMIT YOUR RESEARCH TODAY     Editorial Geoscientists online    p701 doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0248-8 News & Views Trading water for carbon    pp702 - 703 Christopher J. Still doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0223-4 Drilling for the oldest ice    pp703 - 704 Dorthe Dahl-Jensen doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0241-2 Haboobs on Titan    p705 James Tuttle Keane doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0240-3 Deep-sea ore deposits    p706 Melissa O. Anderson doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0237-y Geoscience JOBS of the week More Science jobs from Geoscience EVENT 2018 International Forum on Geoscience and Geomatics (IFGG 2018) 28.12.18 Xi'an, China More science events from Advertisement Do you have a career question?  The Naturejobs podcast features one-on-one Q&As, panel discussions and other exclusive content to help scientists with their careers. Hosted on the Naturejobs blog, the podcast is also available on iTunes and Soundcloud. Listen today!   Review Articles The biomass and biodiversity of the continental subsurface    pp707 - 717 C. Magnabosco, L.-H. Lin, H. Dong, M. Bomberg, W. Ghiorse et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0221-6 The abundance of microorganisms in the continental subsurface may have been overestimated, according to a review compilation of data from subsurface localities around the globe. Geological and climatic influences on mountain biodiversity    pp718 - 725 Alexandre Antonelli, W. Daniel Kissling, Suzette G. A. Flantua, Mauricio A. Bermúdez, Andreas Mulch et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0236-z Species richness in mountain environments is linked to mountain-building and climatic processes, an integration of geological, climatic, and biological datasets reveals. Articles Observational evidence for active dust storms on Titan at equinox    pp727 - 732 S. Rodriguez, S. Le Mouélic, J. W. Barnes, J. F. Kok, S. C. R. Rafkin et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0233-2 Saturn's moon Titan may have an active dust cycle in equatorial regions driven by storm winds, Cassini observations consistent with dust suspension in Titan's atmosphere suggest. West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat in the Amundsen Sea driven by decadal oceanic variability    pp733 - 738 Adrian Jenkins, Deb Shoosmith, Pierre Dutrieux, Stan Jacobs, Tae Wan Kim et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0207-4 Episodic melting of some Antarctic ice shelves is linked to ocean temperature cycles, according to new observations collected over 17 years near the Dotson Ice Shelf. Lower land-use emissions responsible for increased net land carbon sink during the slow warming period    pp739 - 743 Shilong Piao, Mengtian Huang, Zhuo Liu, Xuhui Wang, Philippe Ciais et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0204-7 Accelerated storage of terrestrial carbon during the slow warming period (1998–2012) can be predominantly attributed to lower land-use emissions due to decreased tropical forest loss and increased afforestation in the northern temperate regions. Increased water-use efficiency and reduced CO2 uptake by plants during droughts at a continental scale    pp744 - 748 Wouter Peters, Ivar R. van der Velde, Erik van Schaik, John B. Miller, Philippe Ciais et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0212-7 Droughts can lead to large-scale decline in net CO2 uptake and increased water-use efficiency by plants, according to global analyses of atmospheric carbon isotope data from 2001 to 2011. This suggests that current climate models may underestimate carbon–drought feedbacks. Flushing of the deep Pacific Ocean and the deglacial rise of atmospheric CO2 concentrations    pp749 - 755 Jianghui Du, Brian A. Haley, Alan C. Mix, Maureen H. Walczak & Summer K. Praetorius doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0205-6 Enhanced overturning in the Pacific Ocean flushed carbon from the abyssal ocean to the atmosphere during the last deglaciation, according to authigenic neodymium isotope data. Increased nutrient supply to the Southern Ocean during the Holocene and its implications for the pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 rise    pp756 - 760 Anja S. Studer, Daniel M. Sigman, Alfredo Martínez-García, Lena M. Thöle, Elisabeth Michel et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0191-8 The amount of nitrate in the surface of the Southern Ocean has increased during the Holocene, weakening the biological pump and potentially contributing to the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Cenozoic record of δ34S in foraminiferal calcite implies an early Eocene shift to deep-ocean sulfide burial    pp761 - 765 Victoria C. F. Rennie, Guillaume Paris, Alex L. Sessions, Sigal Abramovich, Alexandra V. Turchyn et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0200-y A Cenozoic reconstruction of the δ34S of marine sulfate suggests a shift in the locus of pyrite burial from shallow seas to the open ocean during the early Eocene. High temperatures in the terrestrial mid-latitudes during the early Palaeogene    pp766 - 771 B. D. A. Naafs, M. Rohrssen, G. N. Inglis, O. Lähteenoja, S. J. Feakins et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0199-0 Mean annual temperatures in the mid-latitudes were between 23 and 29?°C during the early Palaeogene, a peat-based temperature record suggests. Carbon export from mountain forests enhanced by earthquake-triggered landslides over millennia    pp772 - 776 Nicole V. Frith, Robert G. Hilton, Jamie D. Howarth, Darren R. Gröcke, Sean J. Fitzsimons et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0216-3 Large earthquakes export significant carbon from mountain forests over millennia, according to analyses of sediments mobilized by earthquake-triggered landslides in New Zealand. Extremely early recurrence of intraplate fault rupture following the Tohoku-Oki earthquake    pp777 - 781 Yo Fukushima, Shinji Toda, Satoshi Miura, Daisuke Ishimura, Jun'ichi Fukuda et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0201-x A pair of closely spaced intraplate earthquakes in Japan can be explained by postseismic deformation associated with the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Rapid transition from continental breakup to igneous oceanic crust in the South China Sea    pp782 - 789 H. C. Larsen, G. Mohn, M. Nirrengarten, Z. Sun, J. Stock et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0198-1 The onset of seafloor spreading in the northern South China Sea was marked by the rapid onset of magmatism and mantle upwelling, suggests an analysis of International Ocean Discovery Program core material. A distinct metal fingerprint in arc volcanic emissions    pp790 - 794 Marie Edmonds, Tamsin A. Mather & Emma J. Liu doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0214-5 Arc volcanism emits higher metal fluxes to Earth's atmosphere than hotspot volcanism. The systems' unique gas compositions are controlled by magmatic water content and redox state, as shown by a compilation of volcanic gas and aerosol metal data. An impact melt origin for Earth's oldest known evolved rocks    pp795 - 799 Tim E. Johnson, Nicholas J. Gardiner, Katarina Miljkovic, Christopher J. Spencer, Christopher L. Kirkland et al. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0206-5 Earth's oldest known felsic rocks formed by partial melting at low pressures and high temperatures caused by impact melting of mafic Hadean crust, according to phase equilibria and trace element modelling. Advertisement Nature Briefing is an essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, free in your inbox every weekday. With Nature Briefing, we'll keep you updated on the latest research, so you can focus on yours. 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