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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 7, 2016:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Astronomy & Space news
 | Image: NGC 299, an open star cluster located within the Small Magellanic CloudIt may be famous for hosting spectacular sights such as the Tucana Dwarf Galaxy and 47 Tucanae (heic1510), the second brightest globular cluster in the night sky, but the southern constellation of Tucana (The Toucan) also possesses a variety of unsung cosmic beauties. |
Realistic solar corona loops simulated in labCaltech applied physicists have experimentally simulated the sun's magnetic fields to create a realistic coronal loop in a lab. | |
 | Image: NGC 6818 in the constellation of SagittariusThe NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope had imaged NGC 6818 before, but it took another look at this planetary nebula, with a new mix of colour filters, to display it in all its beauty. By showing off its stunning turquoise and rose quartz tones in this image, NGC 6818 lives up to its popular name: Little Gem Nebula. |
 | Pulsar wind nebulaeNeutron stars are the detritus of supernova explosions, with masses between one and several suns and diameters only tens of kilometers across. A pulsar is a spinning neutron star with a strong magnetic field; charged particles in the field radiate in a lighthouse-like beam that can sweep past the Earth with extreme regularity every few seconds or less. A pulsar also has a wind, and charged particles, sometimes accelerated to near the speed of light, form a nebula around the pulsar: a pulsar wind nebula. The particles' high energies make them strong X-ray emitters, and the nebulae can be seen and studied with X-ray observatories. The most famous example of a pulsar wind nebula is the beautiful and dramatic Crab Nebula. |
 | Mars' ionosphere shaped by crustal magnetic fieldsScattered pockets of magnetism across the surface of Mars have a significant influence on the planet's upper atmosphere, according to observations from ESA's Mars Express. Understanding these effects may be crucial for ensuring safe radio communications between Mars and Earth and, eventually, between explorers on the surface of the planet. |
Researchers training in Hawaii to simulate Mars missionScientists will mix biology and geology this month inside Hawaii Volcanoes National Park as they help NASA get ready for an eventual manned mission to Mars. | |
 | NASA, FEMA hold asteroid emergency planning exerciseWhat would we do if we discovered a large asteroid on course to impact Earth? While highly unlikely, that was the high-consequence scenario discussed by attendees at an Oct. 25 NASA-FEMA tabletop exercise in El Segundo, California. |
 | Sun-observing MinXSS CubeSat expected to yield new insights into solar flare energeticsA small shoebox-sized satellite has recently proved that studying solar phenomena is not reserved only to large space observatories. The NASA-funded, Miniature X-Ray Solar Spectrometer (MinXSS) is providing invaluable information about solar flares, which could shed new light on these violent and energetic events. |
 | Six people to spend two weeks in Mars simulation habitat in PolandA group of six space exploration enthusiasts plan to spend two weeks in isolation in a Mars simulation dome mimicking life on the Red Planet. The mission, known as the Poland Mars Analogue Simulation (PMAS), will take place from March 19 to April 1, 2017, inside the Modular Analog Research Station (M.A.R.S.) habitat located near Rzepiennik Biskupi in southern Poland. |
 | Watching summer clouds on TitanNASA's Cassini spacecraft watched clouds of methane moving across the far northern regions of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, on Oct. 29 and 30, 2016. |
 | Beautiful green 'airglow' spotted by aurora hunters – but what is it?Amateur astronomers and aurora hunters alike have been reporting a green glow across the UK sky. Easily confused with the aurora borealis, or northern lights, the sightings were of another phenomena called "airglow". |
 | The birth of massive stars is accompanied by strong luminosity burstsAstronomers of the Universities of Tübingen and Vienna are investigating the basic principles of the formation of stars. |
 | SpaceX's fueling process makes NASA queasyOn September 1st, 2016, SpaceX experienced a rather public setback when one of their Falcon 9 rockets exploded on its launchpad at the Cape Canaveral Launch Complex in Florida. Though the accident resulted in no fatalities or injuries, this accident has since raised concerns over at NASA concerning the company's safety standards. |
 | Monster meteorite found in TexasOn April 6, 2015, Frank Hommel was leading a group of guests at his Bar H Working Dude Ranch on a horseback ride. The horses got thirsty, so Hommel and crew rode cross-country in search of a watering hole. Along the way, his horse Samson suddenly stopped and refused to go any further. Ahead of them was a rock sticking out of the sandy soil. Hommel had never seen his horse act this way before, so he dismounted to get a closer look at the red, dimpled mass. Something inside told him this strange, out of place boulder had to be a meteorite. |
 | 'Millions' needed to continue Europe's Mars mission: ESA chiefThe European Space Agency (ESA) needs "several hundred millions" of euros for its troubled ExoMars exploration of the Red Planet, director general Jan Woerner said Monday. |
NASA astronaut casts lone vote from spaceIn a US presidential election that's already been out of this world, the lone American astronaut in outer space has cast his vote, NASA said Monday. | |
 | MUOS-5 secure communications satellite reaches orbit, begins pre-operational testingThe fifth Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) satellite built by Lockheed Martin for the U.S. Navy has reached orbit, successfully deployed its solar arrays and antennas, and is beginning pre-operational, on-orbit testing. |
 | When was the first light in the universe?The speed of light gives us an amazing tool for studying the universe. Because light only travels a mere 300,000 kilometers per second, when we see distant objects, we're looking back in time. |
Technology news
 | Vision technology: Blind woman seeing spots of light sends rays of hope to scientistsA person is able to perceive and localize individual phosphenes or spots of light...well, big deal. Meaning, no big deal for those who see. |
 | Project VoCo demo offers intriguing look at tech for word changesWhat are the first things that come to mind when you hear the word Photoshop. On the good side, you know this has been quite a valuable tool for all creatives. On the other hand, you know how some people have railed against designers and other media creatives for using its features to make people look thinner, younger or generally better than they look in real life. |
 | GM starts producing 200-mile electric Chevrolet BoltIt can go more than 200 miles on battery power and it costs less than the average new vehicle in the U.S. But in an era of $2 per gallon gasoline, the Chevrolet Bolt probably won't do a whole lot to shift America from gasoline to electricity. |
 | 'Bots' step up for 2016 election news coverageIf you're reading about the US election, some of that news is likely to come to you from a "bot." |
 | Who are you looking at? Glasses fool face recognition software(Tech Xplore)—Can snazzy specs be a secret weapon for someone avoiding surveillance? A team of researchers used a change in physical appearance to confuse face recognition software. |
 | Researchers discover solar heat island effect caused by large-scale solar power plantsLarge-scale solar power plants raise local temperatures, creating a solar heat island effect that, though much smaller, is similar to that created by urban or industrial areas, according to a new study. |
 | Driverless vehicle options now include scootersAt MIT's 2016 Open House last spring, more than 100 visitors took rides on an autonomous mobility scooter in a trial of software designed by researchers from MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), the National University of Singapore, and the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART). |
 | New system lets nonexperts optimize programs that run on multiprocessor chipsDynamic programming is a technique that can yield relatively efficient solutions to computational problems in economics, genomic analysis, and other fields. But adapting it to computer chips with multiple "cores," or processing units, requires a level of programming expertise that few economists and biologists have. |
 | Samsung to offer digital assistant service in Galaxy S8Samsung Electronics said Sunday it will offer an artificial intelligence assistant service in the upcoming flagship smartphone, as the South Korean firm seeks recovery from its global smartphone recalls. |
 | Web Summit is windfall for Portugal's economyThe bars on the banks of Lisbon's Tagus river are gearing up for a bonanza as tens of thousands of people descend on the city for Europe's largest tech event. |
 | China passes controversial cybersecurity lawChina on Monday passed a controversial cybersecurity bill further tightening restrictions on online freedom of speech, raising concerns that it could intensify already wide-ranging Internet censorship. |
 | Bypass TV with online tools, live streams on Election DayTVs are so last century. News outlets are using Facebook Live, Snapchat, YouTube and other tools to offer live coverage of Election Day in ways not possible four years ago. |
 | German prosecutors probe Facebook hate incitement claimGerman prosecutors said Monday they have launched a preliminary investigation after receiving a complaint alleging that top Facebook bosses including founder Mark Zuckerberg are condoning hate speech on the online social network. |
 | 20,000 defrauded as UK's Tesco Bank hit by hack attackBritain's Tesco Bank temporarily froze all online transactions Monday after around 20,000 customers had money stolen from their accounts in a hack attack. |
 | Robots likely to be used in classrooms as learning tools, not teachersRobots are increasingly being used to teach students in the classroom for a number of subjects across science, maths and language. But our research shows that while students enjoy learning with robots, teachers are slightly reluctant to use them in the classroom. |
 | Toshiba advances deep learning with extremely low power neuromorphic processorToshiba Corporation continues to build on its commitment to promoting the Internet of Things and Big Data analysis with development of a Time Domain Neural Network (TDNN) that sues an extremely low power consumption neuromorphic semiconductor circuit to perform processing for Deep Learning. TDNN is composed of a massive number of tiny processing units that use Toshiba's original analog technique, unlike conventional digital processors. TDNN was reported on November 8 at A-SSCC 2016 (Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference 2016), an IEEE-sponsored international conference on semiconductor circuit technology held in Japan. |
 | Report of different Samsung phone model explodingA Samsung phone user in France says her Galaxy J5 smartphone caught fire and exploded on Sunday. The model is different from the Galaxy Note 7 that has been recalled worldwide. |
 | Tesla to end unlimited free use of supercharging stationsElectric car maker Tesla Motors has decided to stop offering unlimited free use of its 734 fast charging stations worldwide, just months before it's scheduled to start selling a mass-market electric car. |
CyLab researchers create network traffic visualization tool to help thwart cyber attacksLast month, tens of websites including Amazon, Netflix and others fell victim to one of the largest distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in history, temporarily crashing under the weight of huge amounts of fake traffic orchestrated by malicious hackers. At Carnegie Mellon, research out of the CyLab Security and Privacy Institute shows that the tools needed to thwart these kinds of attacks are on the horizon. | |
From the Panama Papers to an intelligence service for your own businessIn 2016 more than a hundred newspapers and others published revelations on tax avoidance and evasion. They were based on the Panama Papers, a collection of data that comprises 2.6 terabytes of information and 11.5 million documents. In 2015 this was leaked to the Sueddeutsche Zeitung; an international group of journalists evaluated it over the course of a year. Now, computer scientists at the Max Planck spin-off Ambiverse have analyzed the data with software in a few hours, obtaining new results. | |
 | Software 'bots' distort Trump support on Twitter: studySoftware robots generated a significant number of Twitter messages in support of Donald Trump, distorting the Republican presidential nominee's backing on the social network, a study showed Monday. |
 | Print newspapers are dead? Not after historic electionsPrint newspapers may be disappearing like the home telephone, but not after Election Day. |
 | Researchers want to use hardware to fight computer virusesFighting computer viruses isn't just for software anymore. Binghamton University researchers will use a grant from the National Science Foundation to study how hardware can help protect computers too. |
Newspaper woes drag News Corp to lossWeakness in newspaper advertising dented quarterly results of News Corp., which swung to a loss in the past quarter of declines in advertising and circulation, results showed Monday. | |
Medicine & Health news
 | Early study finds antibody that 'neutralizes' Zika virusResearchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, have isolated a human monoclonal antibody that in a mouse model "markedly reduced" infection by the Zika virus. |
 | Common food additive promotes colon cancer in miceEmulsifiers, which are added to most processed foods to aid texture and extend shelf life, can alter intestinal bacteria in a manner that promotes intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer, according to a new study. |
 | Andeans with altitude sickness produce massive amounts of red blood cellsTo better understand why some people adapt well to life at high altitude while others don't, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine studied red blood cells derived from representatives of both groups living in the Andes Mountains. The study, published November 7 by the Journal of Experimental Medicine, reveals that high-altitude, low-oxygen dwellers prone to chronic mountain sickness produce massive amounts of red blood cells thanks to overproduction of the enzyme SENP1. |
 | Researchers uncover key mechanisms of cancer, aging and inflammationA team of University of Pittsburgh researchers has uncovered new details about the biology of telomeres, "caps" of DNA that protect the tips of chromosomes and play key roles in a number of health conditions, including cancer, inflammation and aging. The new findings were published today in the journal Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. |
Researchers take step toward gene therapy for sickle cell diseaseA team of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine has used a gene-editing tool known as CRISPR to repair the gene that causes sickle cell disease in human stem cells, which they say is a key step toward developing a gene therapy for the disorder. | |
 | Unlocking big genetic datasets: Researchers apply machine learning tools to infer ancestry mix of individualsThe same algorithms that personalize movie recommendations and extract topics from oceans of text could bring doctors closer to diagnosing, treating and preventing disease on the basis of an individual's unique genetic profile. |
 | Mouse study reveals promising new directions for diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant multiple sclerosisFor more than 15 years, people suffering from multiple sclerosis have relied on a drug called interferon-beta to prevent flare-ups of the disease and avoid its crippling neurological symptoms. |
Checkpoint blockade helps only a subset of patients, why?Although many cancer patients respond favorably to immunotherapies such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, most patients do not. Blame for treatment failures is usually attributed to so-called "cold" tumors, those that do not attract T-cell infiltration and may lack key T-cell targets—the mutated proteins known as neoantigens. | |
Blood vessels play a vital role in stem cell reproduction, enabling the brain to grow and develop in the wombBlood vessels play a vital role in stem cell reproduction, enabling the brain to grow and develop in the womb, reveals new UCL research in mice. | |
 | Quasimodo illuminates the secret to the ticking of our internal clocksDrosophila fruit flies are so named after the Latin for "dew loving" because they are more active at dawn and dusk. This strong sense of circadian rhythm (the 24 hour time cycle) is generated by a clock that ticks in the brain of all animals including humans. |
 | Mouse study shows antibody can soothe raging, nerve-driven poison ivy itchScientists at Duke Health and Zhejiang Chinese Medical University have developed a strategy to stop the uncontrollable itch caused by urushiol, the oily sap common to poison ivy, poison sumac, poison oak and even mango trees. |
 | Mosquito-borne illness chikungunya spreads in and around homes, disproportionately hits womenOutbreaks of the mosquito-borne disease chikungunya appear to be driven by infections centered in and around the home, with women significantly more likely to become ill, suggests new research from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, the Institut Pasteur in Paris and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. |
 | Ovarian cancer growth inhibited by nanoparticle delivery of EGFR siRNAIn the fight against cancer, doctors dish out combination-blows of surgery, chemotherapy and other drugs to beat back a merciless foe. Now, scientists have taken early steps toward adding a stinging punch to clinicians' repertoire. |
Researchers unravel viruses' strategies to dodge immune systemsAs mammals evolve, so do mammalian viruses. In doing so, they develop creative and effective ways to counter and evade the antiviral responses of their mammal hosts' immune systems. Researching those mechanisms at the molecular level can reveal key insights into the principles of such strategies relevant to therapy development. An international team of scientists, led by prof. Savvas Savvides of the VIB Inflammation Research Center at Ghent University, set out to do just that. By zooming in on GIF—a protein secreted by the virus that causes Orf, or 'thistle disease'—they unraveled viral molecular strategies to counter the mammalian immune system. Their findings, published in Nature Communications, provide the basis for developing antiviral therapies and for exploiting the potency of viral proteins to tweak the human immune system to counter inflammatory diseases and cancer. | |
Drug shows promise for preventing pre-term birthResearchers from the University of Adelaide have successfully tested a drug that is showing some early promise in efforts to prevent pre-term birth. | |
 | Power outage in the brain may be source of Alzheimer'sOn Nov. 25, 1901, a 51-year-old woman is admitted to a hospital in Frankfurt, Germany, displaying a bizarre constellation of symptoms. Her behavior is erratic. She shows signs of paranoia as well as auditory hallucinations, disorientation, and severe memory impairment. Asked to write her own name, she manages "Mrs.," then lingers over the page, unable to remember the rest. "I have lost myself," she tells the attending physician. |
Ovary regeneration in salamanders could provide solutions to human infertilityAxolotl salamanders are extremely resilient, but very little research has been done on their incredible ability to regenerate internal organs and eggs—also called oocytes. In a study published in the journal Stem Cells, Northeastern University biology professor James Monaghan and his team have discovered that these salamanders not only have the capability of re-growing limbs, they can also regenerate their ovaries and produce eggs throughout their lifespan. "When we remove a large portion of the ovary, it activates many endogenous stem cells to repair the organ," said Monaghan, whose graduate student Piril Erler, and research technician Alexandra Sweeney, performed the study. "These salamanders can repair after injury, continue to make large amounts of eggs, and continue to have a hyper-prolific female reproductive system. It's pretty incredible." | |
 | Tick-tock: Immune T cells know when their time's upAn Australian research team has revealed that two internal 'clocks' control the immune cells enlisted to fight infection. This discovery upends previous theories on how immune responses are regulated. |
 | How human brains do language: One system, two channelsContrary to popular belief, language is not limited to speech. In a recent study published in the journal PNAS, Northeastern University Prof. Iris Berent reveals that people also apply the rules of their spoken language to sign language. |
 | New mouse model of ALS more closely mimics human diseaseAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive, fatal neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells controlling voluntary muscles. No effective treatments have been found. |
 | New technique aids search for genetic roots of diseaseSome 10 million points of genetic variation are scattered across a molecule of DNA, and those variations make us who we are as individuals. But in some cases, those variants contribute to diseases, and it's a major challenge for scientists to distinguish between harmless variants and those that are potentially hazardous to our health. |
 | Researchers discover way to inhibit major cancer geneResearchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a new way to block the action of genetic mutations found in nearly 30 percent of all cancers. |
Washington state polio-like cases linked to rare syndromeEight of nine children hospitalized in Washington state for a polio-like illness have a rare syndrome that causes varying degrees of limb weakness, state health officials confirmed on Friday. | |
Do second opinions matter in prostate cancer care?A new analysis indicates that many men with prostate cancer obtain second opinions from urologists before starting treatment, but surprisingly, second opinions are not associated with changes in treatment choice or improvements in perceived quality of prostate cancer care. Published early online in CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the findings also explore motivations for seeking second opinions, and suggest that second opinions may not reduce overtreatment in prostate cancer. | |
Maternal B12 deficiency may increase child's risk of type 2 diabetesB12 deficiency during pregnancy may predispose children to metabolic problems such as type-2 diabetes, according to research presented today at the Society for Endocrinology's annual Conference in Brighton. These findings could lead to a review of current vitamin B12 requirements for pregnant women, whether through an improved diet or supplements. | |
 | Poor nutrition during pregnancy can cause early aging of baby's heartNew research has shown that the child of a slightly undernourished mother is more likely to suffer early aging of the heart. |
People with low oxytocin levels suffer reduced empathyPeople suffering medical conditions causing low levels of oxytocin perform worse on empathy tasks, according to new research presented today at the Society for Endocrinology annual conference in Brighton. The research is the first to study humans with reduced oxytocin and suggests that hormone replacement could improve the psychological well-being of those living with low levels. | |
Dirty laundry may cause environmental contaminationA new paper published in FEMS Microbiology Letters, resulting from an investigation of a laundry facility that services several Seattle-area hospitals, suggests that soiled clinical linens may be a source of surface Clostridium difficile contamination. | |
 | Pancreatic cancer set to become third biggest cancer killer in EU next yearThe number of deaths from pancreatic cancer will overtake breast cancer mortality rates in the EU in 2017, a study has found. |
 | Study identifies new biomarkers for Huntington's diseaseResearchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified several new biological markers to measure the progression of the inherited neurodegenerative disorder Huntington's disease (HD). Their findings, which will be published online November 7 ahead of issue in The Journal of Experimental Medicine, could benefit clinical trials that test new treatments for the disease. |
 | Small association of surgical anesthesia before age four, later academic performanceA study of children born in Sweden suggests a small association between exposure to anesthesia for surgery before the age 4 with slightly lower school grades at age 16 and slightly lower IQ scores at 18, according to an article published online by JAMA Pediatrics. |
Do nights, weekends affect survival after pediatric cardiac arrest in hospital?For hospitalized children, the rate of surviving to discharge was lower for those who had cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at night compared with during the daytime and evening, according to an article published online by JAMA Pediatrics. | |
Getting a pacemaker soon after heart valve replacement linked with worse outcomesPatients who undergo minimally invasive heart valve replacement, known as TAVR, sometimes develop heart rhythm problems that necessitate placement of a permanent pacemaker. However, when a pacemaker is needed soon after TAVR, patients often have worse outcomes than those who did not need a pacemaker, according to a study published today in JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. The study shows that the risks are both short- and long-term and include lengthier hospital and intensive care unit stays as well as a greater risk of death. | |
Age at cancer diagnosis may affect the risk of death from heart diseaseThe age at which cancer survivors were diagnosed for cancer may help determine their risk of death from heart disease, according to new research in the American Heart Association's journal Circulation. | |
 | When it comes to quenching thirst, cold and bubbly is the way to goIf it's cold and bubbly, a liquid is more likely to quench your thirst and be more rewarding when you're thirsty, according to new research from Rutgers University nutritional scientist Paul Breslin. The research appears in the journal PLOS One. |
Music therapy reduces depression in children and adolescents, research findsResearchers at Bournemouth University and Queen's University Belfast have discovered that music therapy reduces depression in children and adolescents with behavioural and emotional problems. | |
Understanding the genes that make our circadian clocks tickHave you ever wondered why you don't feel tired until late at night but your spouse is fast asleep at 10 p.m. and wakes spontaneously at 6 a.m.? | |
Fall mold may trigger asthma attacksMany people think of allergies and asthma as two completely different diseases. In Kentucky, up to 4 percent of the population has nasal allergies, and 8 percent of the population has asthma. However, allergies are one common trigger for asthma, and often a common thread for the development of asthma. Certain allergens, such as cat dander, dust mite, and grass pollen, have been shown to be associated with the development of asthma in children. But the fall season can be harsh on asthmatics too. | |
 | QMRI sees early signs of osteoarthritis before it's too lateOne in 20 adults suffers from osteoarthritis, caused by wear and tear of the joints. But early signs of the disease – subtle biochemical changes to the cartilage – are invisible to most current clinical imaging techniques, and patients often remain undiagnosed until the damage is irreparable. |
New risk assessment tool may better predict dynamic risk of heart diseaseA new assessment tool—the Million Hearts Model Longitudinal ASCVD Risk Assessment tool—funded by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) in partnership with the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association— is designed to help predict the 10-year risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASVCD) and how that risk may change over time as preventive treatments are initiated. The tool is an extension of the ASCVD Pooled Cohort Equation first published in the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk. | |
 | Women have worse outcomes during 36 months after ACS(HealthDay)—In a study published in the Nov. 1 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology, among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), women were found to have a higher mortality rate than men during 36 months of follow-up. |
 | Decreased clot retraction rate in asthma(HealthDay)—Clot retraction rate (CRR) and fibrinolysis rate (FR) are reduced in steroid-naive asthma, according to a study published online Oct. 14 in Allergy. |
 | About half of seniors in ER willing to use tablet computers(HealthDay)—About half of older adults in the emergency department are willing to provide information using a tablet computer, but few can do so without needing assistance, according to a study published online Nov. 2 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. |
 | Experience of spouses explored in pre-heart transplant period(HealthDay)—In a review published online Nov. 2 in the Journal of Clinical Nursing, six themes are identified among spouses of heart transplant recipients, some of which are associated with high levels of stress. |
 | Thalidomide may cause epidermal necrolysis in multiple myeloma(HealthDay)—In patients with multiple myeloma, thalidomide may cause toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), according to a case report published online Nov. 2 in the International Journal of Dermatology. |
 | Er:YAG Laser shows superior efficacy in Rx of acne scars(HealthDay)—Er:YAG is more efficacious than bipolar radiofrequency combined with diode laser (BRDL) for treatment of mild-to-moderate acne scars, according to a study published online Nov. 2 in Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. |
 | Deferred revascularization tied to poor outcomes in diabetes(HealthDay)—For patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), deferred revascularization is associated with poor medium-term outcomes, according to a study published in the Nov. 1 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology. |
 | Low-carb diet cuts tx effect of glucagon in hypoglycemia(HealthDay)—For patients with type 1 diabetes, a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) results in lower incremental rises in plasma glucose (PG) after mild hypoglycemia compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate diet (HCD), according to a study published online Oct. 21 in Diabetes Care. |
 | Exercise during pregnancy may reduce markers of aging in offspringExercise during pregnancy may be as effective in protecting the next generation from age-related health risks as efforts made during the offspring's own adulthood, new research suggests. Kevin Pearson, associate professor at the University of Kentucky Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, will present preliminary findings on the long-term effects of physical activity during pregnancy at the American Physiological Society's Integrative Biology of Exercise 7 meeting in Phoenix. |
Information before regulation to make amateur brain stimulation saferIn the comfort of their own home, an unknown number of people are electrically stimulating their brains. | |
Dad's preconception fitness regimen may increase obesity, insulin resistance risk in offspringFathers who exercise regularly before their children are conceived may program their offspring's genes with an increased risk for metabolic disorders, according to new research. Alexander Murashov, associate professor of physiology at East Carolina University, will present results of the study at the American Physiological Society's Integrative Biology of Exercise 7 meeting in Phoenix. | |
 | Testosterone levels improve in overweight, obese men after 12-week exercise programTwelve weeks of aerobic exercise significantly boosted testosterone levels in overweight and obese men, with the greatest increases seen among vigorous exercisers, according to research presented today at the Integrative Biology of Exercise 7 meeting in Phoenix. |
 | How an army of 'super recognisers' could help spot criminals and missing personsWhile most of us find it easy to recognise highly familiar faces such as those of family and friends, identifying faces that we have only briefly encountered is much more difficult. In fact, some research suggests that even experienced passport control officers make a large number of errors when matching faces to identity documents. Yet, recent work reveals that a small number of people may have extraordinary face recognition skills, outperforming typical people on a range of face recognition tasks. |
Understanding cancer worries could break down barriers to seeking helpRecognising the reasons people worry about a potential cancer diagnosis could help ease concern and encourage people with possible cancer symptoms to see their doctor earlier, according to research presented at the NCRI Cancer Conference. | |
 | Gut microbes linked to immunotherapy response in melanoma patientsPatients with malignant melanoma - whose disease has spread - are more likely to respond to immunotherapy treatment if they had greater diversity in their gut bacteria, according to new research presented at the National Cancer Research Institute's (NCRI) Cancer Conference in Liverpool. |
Adult weight gain could increase cancer riskSubstantial weight gain over many years increases the risk of obesity-related cancers in men by 50 per cent and in women by almost 20 per cent, according to new research presented at the National Cancer Research Institute's (NCRI) Cancer Conference in Liverpool, today (Monday). | |
 | Knowledge of food is preserved in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseasesA SISSA research study published in a special issue of the journal Brain and Cognition, completely dedicated to the cognitive neuroscience of food, analyzes the lexical-semantic deficits of the food category in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The study shows that knowledge about food is preserved more than other categories of stimuli, even in the case of severe syndromes. Further, perception of caloric intake affects a person's ability to remember the name of a food; the higher the calories, the more knowledge is preserved. Professor Raffaella Rumiati of the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in Trieste, first author and expert in semantic categorization of food, also served as editor of the special issue (along with Giuseppe Di Pellegrino, University of Bologna), and wrote the introduction to the issue. |
 | Oxytocin in blood plasma and serum is about 100 times higher than previously thoughtScientists at the University of Oslo have shown that the content of the "love hormone" oxytocin in blood plasma and serum is about 100 times higher than previously thought. |
 | MRI study shows how reducing carb intake can improve pain and bloating in people with IBSA new study using MRI to investigate the effects of carbohydrates in the diet on symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome has found they are more sensitive to gas in their bowel. |
 | How to deal with election anger? Try a little tendernessAs we move closer to Election Day, many of us are breathing a sigh of relief, but there is another mood percolating. Many of us feel anger, a deep, fire in the belly anger that it has come to this. We may feel like caged lions, spitting mad, but told to quiet down, be civil and act nice. |
 | Human trials begin for Army-developed Zika purified inactivated virus (ZPIV) vaccineThe Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) began vaccinations today in a Phase 1 human clinical trial to test the safety and immunogenicity of the Zika purified inactivated virus (ZPIV) vaccine. |
 | Proteins as an early warning system for type 1 diabetes?Certain proteins in the blood of children can predict incipient type 1 diabetes, even before the first symptoms appear. A team of scientists at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, partners in the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), reported these findings in the Diabetologia journal. |
 | Early planned birth linked to risk of poor child developmentPlanned births occur where a considered decision is made to deliver an infant, and in recent years there have been significant changes in clinical practice resulting in an increase in planned births before the ideal time of birth at 39-40 weeks' gestation. This is mostly attributable to the increased use of elective caesarean section and induction of labour. |
Suppressing protein alleviates radiation-induced bone loss in animal modelRadiotherapy destroys cancer cells using high-energy ionizing radiation to damage DNA and induce cell death. About two million patients per year in the United States - more than 50 percent of all cancer patients—receive radiotherapy at some stage during their illness, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, surgery, and targeted medicines. | |
Scientists develop game-changing blood test for concussionsScientists from Children's Health Research Institute, a program of Lawson Health Research Institute, and Western University have developed a new blood test that identifies with greater than 90 per cent certainty whether or not an adolescent athlete has suffered a concussion. | |
Researchers discover key to long-lasting malaria immunity and potential vaccine targetsHouston Methodist researchers have discovered a set of immune proteins that facilitate long-lasting immunity against malaria. In a study recently published in Immunity (online Oct. 25), researchers reported that elevated production of specific proteins regulating the immune system within 24 hours of infection was required for a resilient and sustained anti-malaria immunity in mice. | |
 | Study reveals secret to a happy sex lifeThe secret to a happy sex life in long-term relationships is the belief that it takes hard work and effort, instead of expecting sexual satisfaction to simply happen if you are true soulmates, says a study led by a University of Toronto (U of T) social psychology researcher. |
 | Evidence: Mother's milk best for preemiesDespite several years of research providing the medical and economic evidence that feeding a mother's own milk to very low birth weight infants improves clinical and financial outcomes, multiple barriers to mothers' providing their own breast milk for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit to persist. |
Brains of those with anorexia and bulimia can override urge to eatScientists at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus have discovered the neurological reasons why those with anorexia and bulimia nervosa are able to override the urge to eat. | |
 | Brain tumor characteristics could help predict survival in people over 70Characteristics like seizures, location of the tumour, and pressure in the brain, give insight into length of survival and treatment options for brain tumour patients over the age of 70, according to new research presented at the National Cancer Research Institute's (NCRI) Cancer Conference in Liverpool. |
Protamine shows promise for new types of contact lens disinfectantProtamine—a natural protein with a proven safety record—may be useful in developing new types of disinfectant solutions for contact lenses, according to a study published in the November issue of Optometry and Vision Science. | |
 | Scientists discover a cause of multiple resistance to cancer chemotherapyA new study by researchers at the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) has found a cause of multiple resistance in cancer chemotherapy. The work, published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) journal, the organ of expression of the United States Academy of Sciences, has been carried out by the research group of Dr. Manel Esteller, Director of Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Program (PEBC) of IDIBELL, ICREA Researcher and Professor of Genetics at the University of Barcelona. |
Childhood cancer survivors living longer but do not report improvement in health statusLong-term survivors of childhood cancer live longer thanks to improvements to cancer treatments, but a new study looking at three decades of therapy suggests patients do not report better health status. The findings from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), which include feedback from a survey of more than 14,000 adult survivors treated from 1970 to 1999, appear online in Annals of Internal Medicine. | |
Three key practices in hospital HR departments linked to exemplary patient careWhile employee salaries and wages can account for up to 80 percent of the total operating budget in health care organizations, human resources departments in many U.S. hospitals still rely on traditional, bureaucratic HR practices that can constrain employee effort and initiative. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri School of Medicine have identified three HR practices for hospitals that can improve clinical work behaviors, leading to better outcomes for patients. | |
 | Team discovers potential drug targets to reduce pain in pancreatic cancer patientsThe Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) has discovered potential drug targets to reduce pain in pancreatic cancer patients. |
 | Flavored e-cigarettes may entice teens to smoke: study(HealthDay)—Fruit- or candy-flavored electronic cigarettes may entice American teens to start smoking tobacco, a new study suggests. |
 | Few states have plans for kids returning to class after concussion(HealthDay)—All U.S. states have "return-to-play" laws designed to protect young athletes who've suffered a concussion. But only a handful have regulations on handling kids' return to the classroom, researchers report. |
 | Recommendations updated for meningococcal vaccine in HIV(HealthDay)—In the Nov. 4 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, new recommendations are presented for meningococcal conjugate vaccination among HIV-infected individuals. |
 | Five strategies can reduce risk of medical lawsuits(HealthDay)—Five strategies can be employed by physicians in order to help reduce the risk of lawsuits, according to an article published in Medical Economics. |
 | Memantine plus sertraline effective for major depressive disorder(HealthDay)—The combination of memantine plus sertraline is efficacious for major depressive disorder, according to a study published online Nov. 3 in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. |
 | Nonadherence in nearly one-third of patients with HTN(HealthDay)—More than 30 percent of patients with hypertension are not adherent to antihypertensive drug therapy, according to a study published online Nov. 3 in the Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. |
 | Using a patient's own words, machine learning automatically identifies suicidal behaviorUsing a person's spoken or written words, new computer tools can identify with great accuracy whether that person is suicidal, mentally ill but not suicidal, or neither. |
After Australia cut drug copays for indigenous people, hospital use declinedA new study finds that in regions where indigenous Australians most readily accepted a government incentive to lower drug copayments, hospitalizations to treat the population's chronic conditions declined by 40 percent in just two years. | |
Study questions usefulness of 'rainbow draw'University of Iowa researchers have shown that most of the extra vials of blood drawn for lab tests never get used and are instead discarded. | |
 | How important is the gut microbiome? It may depend on your geneticsOur gut microbiomes—the bacteria that live in our digestive tract—play major roles in our health. Scientists around the world are studying therapies that manipulate the microbiome, including probiotics (such as live bacterial cultures in yogurt), prebiotics (edible fibers meant to promote beneficial bacteria), antibiotics and transplants of microbes from healthy people. |
Canada needs national plan to combat opioid epidemic: studyCanada, the second highest consumer of opioids worldwide, must take a comprehensive approach to curb rampant prescribing of opioids and reduce deaths, argue addiction and mental health experts in an analysis in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal). | |
Closure of obstetric services in BC did not affect labor and deliveryThe closure of obstetric services at hospitals in British Columbia did not result in an increase or decrease in frequency of adverse events during labour and delivery, according to a new study in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal). | |
Report outlines opportunities, challenges for kidney health workforceThe American Society of Nephrology (ASN) released a new analysis of the kidney health workforce that outlines a mixed picture for the specialty. Authored by researchers from the George Washington University (GWU) Health Workforce Institute, The US Adult Nephrology Workforce 2016: Developments and Trends is available online at http://www.asn-online.org/workforce. | |
 | Optimised long-term care for persons with dementiaLife expectancy is rising – as is the need for professional long-term care. The care services currently being provided barely meet the existing demand. Therefore, the available resources need to be adapted intelligently. This is the only way, affordable services of sufficient quality can continue to be provided in the future. In-depth and critical analyses are needed as an evidence base for the required adaptation of the existing system, and very few of these are currently available on institutional long-term care in Europe. As part of a project that is being carried out at Danube University Krems in cooperation with the Charles University in Prague and the MAS Alzheimerhilfe, a patient/carer organization in Upper Austria, epidemiological data on the care situation in the Austria and the Czech Republic are now being collected for the first time. The Project is being funded by the Austrian Science Fund FWF and the GACR in the Czech Republic – FWF being the lead agency – and focuses on the situation of persons with dementia who require particularly intensive support. |
 | Prenatal genetic testing of Pap smearsAnthony Weiner and Woody Allen have the same favorite organ; mine is the placenta. |
 | GMOs and cannabisIf there's a topic even more politicized than the US presidential election, it's GMOs . (GMOs are genetically modified organisms, the products of genetic engineering, and opposition to them usually centers on GM crop plants.) |
Physical and cognitive fitness may affect ALS riskNew research suggests that physical fitness, body mass index (BMI), IQ, and stress resilience in young adulthood may have effects on the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease. | |
Poor children with epilepsy may face social hurdlesIn a population-based Canadian study of children with epilepsy, each of whom had access to universal health care, those from poor families had the same medical course and remission rate as their wealthier counterparts, but they had a less favorable social outcome as adults. | |
Reproductive history and hormone use may affect women's cognitive functionIn a study of healthy postmenopausal women, reproductive life events related to sex hormones, including earlier age at menarche, later age at last pregnancy, length of reproductive period, and use of oral contraceptives were positively related to aspects of cognition in later life. | |
 | Global experts discuss new approaches and innovations in ocular drug delivery systemsThe estimated number of visually impaired people in the world is 285 million, with 39 million blind people. About 65 percent of visually impaired people and 82 percent of all blind people are 50 years or older. Four major blinding diseases are age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, and glaucoma, due to their whole or partial impact on the posterior segment of the eye. |
An issue whose time has come: Sex/gender influences on nervous system functionFollowing decades of clinical research largely excluding females, scientists are finding that there are large differences in men and women that go well beyond their reproductive systems. Now, the Journal of Neuroscience Research is dedicating an issue entirely to sex differences at all levels of the brain, from the genetic and epigenetic level, to the synaptic, cellular, and systems levels. | |
When do speech difficulties in children matter for literacy?A new study found that speech difficulties are linked with difficulties in learning to read when children first start school, but these effects are no longer apparent at 8 years of age. | |
Results from the tranform-oct study reportedResults from TRANSFORM-OCT, a prospective, randomized trial using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate strut coverage and neoatherosclerosis (NA) found that bioresorbable polymer-based drug-eluting stents (BP-EES) are comparable to durable polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DP-ZES). | |
Pretreating red blood cells with nitric oxide may reduce side effect linked to transfusionsA new treatment may diminish a dangerous side effect associated with transfusions of red blood cells (RBCs) known as pulmonary hypertension, an elevated blood pressure in the lungs and heart that can lead to heart failure, suggests a new study published in the November issue of Anesthesiology, the peer-reviewed medical journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). The treatment involves exposing RBCs that have been collected, processed and stored for transfusion to the gas, nitric oxide. | |
Results from PRISON IV presentedResults from a randomized, multicenter trial failed to show non-inferiority of hybrid, ultra-thin strut sirolimus-eluting stents (Osiro SES) with a biodegradable polymer compared to thin-strut everolimus-eluting stents (Xience EES) with a durable polymer in terms of in-segment late lumen loss in successfully treated chronic total occlusions. In addition, although the rate of binary restenosis was low overall in this complex lesion subset, it was higher with the Osirio SES compared with the Xience EES. | |
Biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis may protect against rapid bone lossA new review by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) Chronic Inflammation and Bone Structure (CIBS) Working Group concludes that early and aggressive treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with biologic drugs, specifically biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), may be most effective in halting progressive bone loss in patients with RA. | |
Real-world US post-FDA approval usage of the Watchman device presentedResults from the U.S. real-world, post-FDA approval experience of the Watchman device found high procedural success and low complication rates despite implantations by a large percentage of new operators. The Watchman device was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2015 for left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAC) to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). | |
Twenty percent of children with celiac disease do not heal on a gluten-free dietEven after a year on a gluten-free diet, nearly 20 percent of children with celiac disease continue to have intestinal abnormalities (enteropathy) on repeat biopsies, reports a study in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, official journal of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. | |
Accelerated immune aging may contribute to obesity-linked metabolic diseaseObese individuals are at an elevated risk of developing comorbid cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Some research suggests that these comorbid diseases develop in response to chronic inflammation that occurs in visceral adipose tissue, the fat deposits that accumulate around organs. Although obesity is linked to changes in immune cells, it is not clear how these changes influence pathological inflammation in specific fatty tissues. | |
Biology news
 | Tracing the ivory trail: Clues in poached ivory yield ages and locations of originMore than 90 percent of ivory in large seized shipments came from elephants that died less than three years before, according to a new University of Utah study. Combining radiocarbon ivory dating with genetic analysis provides a picture of when and where poachers are killing elephants, useful tools in the ongoing battle against illegal animal product trade. The study was published November 7 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. |
 | Chimpanzees routinely fish for algae during the dry season in Bakoun, GuineaChimpanzees often use tools to extract or consume food but which tools they choose for which purpose can differ depending on where they live. In 2010, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, initiated the 'Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee' to characterize and understand the differences in chimpanzee behaviours in un- and poorly studied ape populations across Africa. This is how the researchers encountered a new behavioural variant: Algae fishing with long robust tools at a temporary research site in Bakoun, Guinea. |
 | U.K. researchers seeking permission to field test genetically modified wheat(Phys.org)—A team of researchers with the of Universities of Lancaster, Rothmamsted and Essex has submitted a request to Britain's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs asking for permission to grow genetically modified (GM) wheat in an outdoor research effort—consultation by the department is expected to take approximately six weeks. If permission is granted, the team plans to plant the GM wheat this April at a site near Rothmamsted, leading to a harvest and a second planting the following year. |
 | Lab creates open-source optogenetics hardware, softwareNobody likes a cheater, but Rice University bioengineering graduate student Karl Gerhardt wants people to copy his answers. That's the whole point. |
 | Dependency can be an evolutionary advantageIt has been known for quite some time that genetically modified bacteria, which have lost their ability to produce certain amino acids and retrieve these nutrients from their environment grow better than bacteria, which produce all nutrients themselves (see press release Division of Labor in the Test Tube, December 2, 2013). This led Christian Kost, leader of the study and now professor at the University of Osnabrück, to inquire whether natural selection would favor the loss of abilities, thus making bacteria more dependent on their environment. To find out, Kost and his PhD student Glen D'Souza cultivated the gut bacterium Escherichia coli bacteria for several generations under optimal nutritious conditions. The culture was regularly transferred to a fresh nutrient solution, and during some of these transfers, a sample was taken to examine the bacterial capabilities and genes. |
 | Aging bonobos in the wild could use reading glasses tooAs people age, they often find that it's more difficult to see things up close. Reading a newspaper suddenly requires a good pair of reading glasses or bifocals. Now, researchers reporting in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on November 7 find that the same goes for bonobos, one of human's closest primate relatives along with chimpanzees, even though they obviously don't read. |
 | Bat fatalities at wind farms prove unpredictableCostly ecological impact assessments (EcIAs) completed prior to the building of wind farms have failed to protect bats from fatal collisions with the spinning blades. Researchers reporting in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on November 7 say that, for reasons that aren't yet entirely clear, that's because surveys of bat activity conducted only before building begins are poor predictors of future bat fatalities. |
 | Young birds less honest when competing against siblingsChicks that are competing with siblings or whose parents are likely to die or switch partners tend to be less honest when begging for food, research into sibling rivalry in birds by Oxford University scientists has found. |
 | Gene network controls how many flowers and fruits plants will make in critical growth windowThere is staggering diversity in the number of flowers produced by each of the 2,800 or so species of plants in the nightshade family, which includes economically important crops such as tomatoes, peppers, and potatoes. Some nightshades, such as pepper, produce a single flower, while others, such as tomatoes, give rise to branches bearing multiple flowers. |
 | Researchers develop network to study bacterial communicationAntibiotics have worked to save many people's lives from bacterial infection. But as more and more antibiotics are prescribed and used, bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotic treatments, leaving the case open for researchers find a way to decrease this resistance. |
 | Team discovers three new bird species in AfricaTexas A&M University team has discovered three never before documented bird species, and there could well be more, the team's leader said. |
Most mammals have a greater life expectancy in zoosLife in the wild harbors the risk of predation, food shortages, harsh climates, and intense competition. Zoo animals, by contrast, are protected from these dangers. UZH researchers were part of an international team that studied over 50 mammalian species to determine whether the animals live longer in zoos than in the wild. | |
 | The Caucasus as an 'island' in the 'sea' of steppes: New insights in mosquito evolutionFrom a geographical point of view, the Caucasus is far from an island or even a peninsula, being a relatively big mountainous region appearing as a fence at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black and the Caspian seas. However, a study into the chromosome structure of mosquito larvae of the species Glyptotendipes salinus, living by a saltwater lake in the foothills of the Caucasus, suggests that the region could be imagined as an "island" in the "sea" of steppes. |
 | Bushmeat hunting drives biodiversity declines in Central AfricaHunting has dramatically reduced wildlife biodiversity in forests near rural villages in the Central African nation of Gabon, a new Duke University-led study finds. |
Getting to the root of it: Predicting root biomass with electrical capacitanceUnless we're weeding the garden or tripping over one sticking out of the ground, for most of us the root systems of plants are out of sight and out of mind. But, for nearly all plants, roots are essential. They are the conduit for water and nutrients, and therefore a critical element to everything from the food we eat, to the clothes we wear, and many of the medicines that treat our illnesses. | |
 | Mislabeled seafood may be more sustainable, new study findsIt's no secret that mislabeling is rampant around the world. Recent studies estimate up to 30 percent of seafood served in restaurants and sold in supermarkets is actually something other than what is listed on the menu or label. |
 | Method to detect the presence toxoplasmosis parasiteScientists from the universities of Granada (UGR) and Valencia (UV) have developed a new molecular method for determining the presence of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which causes toxoplasmosis, in samples of ham. |
 | Creating the world's largest marine preserve and what it means for fishing, climate researchLast week, an agreement was reached by 24 nations and the European Union to establish the world's largest marine protected area, in the Ross Sea in Antarctica. The area, which will come under protection on Dec. 1, 2017, covers some 600,000 square miles of ocean, 28 percent of which will be designated as research zones. Commercial fishing will be banned throughout. Northeastern professor William Detrich, an expert in marine molecular biology and biochemistry, has led groundbreaking research on Antarctic fish. In March a small island near Palmer Station in Antarctica—where he's been making research trips for more than 30 years—was named in his honor. We asked him to explain the significance of establishing such a large reserve, what types of research will be conducted there, and how such a massive collaboration came about in the first place. |
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