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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 18, 2016:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Astronomy & Space news
 | Icy surprises at Rosetta's cometAs Rosetta's comet approached its most active period last year, the spacecraft spotted carbon dioxide ice – never before seen on a comet – followed by the emergence of two unusually large patches of water ice. |
 | Chinese astronauts return to earth after longest missionChina's Shenzhou-11 spacecraft returned to earth Friday, bringing home two astronauts from the rising power's longest-ever orbital mission in a milestone for its vaulting ambitions. |
 | UK 'space junk' project highlights threat to missionsThe mass of "space junk" orbiting the Earth poses a serious threat to future exploration, a British scientist said on Friday at the launch of a project to raise awareness of the issue. |
 | X-ray pulsars fade as propeller effect sets inAn international team of astrophysicists including Russian scientists from the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), MIPT, and Pulkovo Observatory of RAS has detected an abrupt decrease of pulsar luminosity following giant outbursts. The phenomenon is associated with the so-called "propeller effect," which was predicted more than 40 years ago. However, this is the first study to reliably observe the transition of the two X-ray pulsars 4U 0115+63 and V 0332+53 to the "propeller regime." The results of the observations, the conclusions reached by the researchers, and the relevant calculations were published in Astronomy & Astrophysics. |
 | Are aliens trying to tell us something? Brightest burst of radio waves detectedThe search for mysterious "fast radio bursts" – very brief but intense pulses of radio waves from outer space – is heating up. Nobody knows what causes these powerful bursts, but some have even speculated that the signals could be transmitted by distant alien civilisations. In fact, astronomers are so perplexed by the phenomenon that it is driving a renaissance in radio astronomy. |
 | ESA's new Mars orbiter prepares for first scienceThe ExoMars orbiter is preparing to make its first scientific observations at Mars during two orbits of the planet starting next week. |
Technology news
 | Autonomous cars—"new oil" or "big brother"?Just like credit cards, smartphones or search engines, autonomous cars will carry a trove of information about their owners as they make driving more comfortable, raising new concerns about privacy. |
 | What if robots never fell? Meet BALLU(Tech Xplore)—Robots of the humanoid variety intrigue us, at times delight us, and at other times scare us silly. The thought of a robot malfunctioning, dropping its pizza tray or loading tool to turn around and murder us, haunts teens and adults alike. |
 | Researcher uses internet robot to investigate creativityTom White, senior lecturer in Victoria's School of Design, has created Smilevector—a bot that examines images of people, then adds or removes smiles to their faces. |
 | A new standard in roboticsOn the wall of Aaron Dollar's office is a poster for R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), the 1920 Czech play that gave us the word "robot." The story ends with the nominal robots seizing control of the factory of their origin and then wiping out nearly all of humanity. Dollar, fortunately, has something more cheerful in mind for the future of human-robot relations. |
 | Google hits Pixel resellers with 'digital death sentence'Some of Google's unwitting users are learning a harsh lesson: If you violate the company's policies, it can abruptly cut you off from your Gmail account, online photos and other vital digital services. |
 | Google disappointed by South Korean refusal on mapping dataSouth Korea rejected a request by Google to use local mapping data in the company's global maps service in a long-awaited ruling Friday that had divided the country for months. |
 | Volkswagen to cut 30,000 jobs in huge post-dieselgate revampVolkswagen on Friday announced the biggest revamp in its history, cutting 30,000 jobs in a huge savings plan to help it recover from the dieselgate emissions cheating scandal. |
 | Plug-in electric vehicles—a consumer wish listA national survey of consumer attitudes towards plug-in electric vehicles suggests that people would prefer control to convenience in many charging scenarios, and also that renewable energy sources are an important component. |
 | The real future of supersonic flight doesn't depend on Richard Branson – but it might depend on TrumpSir Richard Branson wants to bring back supersonic travel. Thirteen years since Concorde ended operations, the Virgin tycoon has revealed the prototype design for a new generation of supersonic business jets developed by the Branson-backed startup company Boom, based in Denver. The firm claims its planes will allow "affordable" journeys from London to New York in just three-and-a-half hours for approximately $5,000 (£4,000) return, the same as current business class tickets. |
 | How machine learning advances artificial intelligenceComputers that learn for themselves are with us now. As they become more common in 'high-stakes' applications like robotic surgery, terrorism detection and driverless cars, researchers ask what can be done to make sure we can trust them. |
 | Five things to know about VW's 'dieselgate' scandalIt has been 14 months since Volkswagen admitted to fitting millions of cars with cheating software to dupe emissions tests, plunging the German auto giant into one of the biggest scandals ever to hit the industry. |
 | Six virtual reality experiences that don't cost too muchVirtual reality, what's up with that? If you are curious about this highly buzzed high-tech form of entertainment but don't feel like plunking down $1,000 or more on sophisticated hardware, just visit one of a slew of amusement-park-type rides popping up around the world. |
 | Former Reds catcher Johnny Bench launches anti-bullying appMajor League Baseball Hall of Famer Johnny Bench has launched a new cellphone app aimed at combatting bullying in schools nationwide. |
NY Times sees rise in subscriptions after electionThe New York Times reported a spike in subscriptions since the November 8 election, despite being called "fools" by president-elect Donald Trump for its coverage. | |
Medicine & Health news
 | Cannabinoids control memory through mitochondria(Medical Xpress)—Few classes of drugs have galvanized the pharmaceutical industry in recent times like the cannabinoids. This class of molecules includes not only the natural forms, but also a vast new treasury of powerful synthetic analogs with up to several hundred times the potency as measured by receptor activity and binding affinity. With the FDA now fast tracking all manner of injectables, topicals, and sprays promising everything from relief of nebulous cancer pain to anti-seizure neuroprotection, more than a few skeptics have been generated. |
 | A protein that defines the melanoma blueprintThe main goals of the Melanoma Group at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) are to identify biomarkers of tumour progression and to validate novel therapeutic targets in melanoma. In particular, their research focuses on discovering features that define the "fingerprint" of this tumour, features that distinguish it from other cancer types. The latest study in this area, published in Nature Communications, describes the roles of CPEB4; a protein that is crucial for melanoma cell survival. |
 | Molecular mechanics of risk-reward equation describedThe hungrier the mouse, the more risk it will take to grab cheese on the floor of a home with a house cat. |
 | Hi-tech skin patch might someday track your healthA new type of acoustic sensor that resembles a small Band-Aid on the skin can monitor your heartbeat and other health measures, researchers say. |
 | Weight loss may help prevent multiple myelomaNew research shows that excess weight increases the risk that a benign blood disorder will progress into multiple myeloma, a cancer of the blood. |
 | 135,000 alcohol-related cancer deaths predicted by 2035Alcohol will cause around 135,000 cancer deaths over the next 20 years and will cost the NHS an estimated £2 billion in treatments, according to estimates from a new report by Sheffield University, commissioned by Cancer Research UK. |
Preserving donor lungs longer makes transplant more elective than emergency surgeryA new method which doubles the usual time donor lungs can remain outside the body can benefit patients, staff and allow retrieval of donor lungs across greater geographical areas, says a study published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. | |
 | 'I want to live': UK girl gets wish to be frozen after death (Update)The teenage girl's instructions were direct: She didn't want to be buried, but to be frozen—with the hope she can continue her life in the future when cancer is cured. |
 | Why men find switching tasks more difficultIt has long been known to science that women find it easier than men to switch between tasks. But how exactly their brains function differently in such situations has so far been unclear. Recent research reveals that male brains appear to consume more energy when they need to shift attention. In addition to this, in men there is greater activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal areas of the brain compared to women, as well as activation in some other areas which is not usually observed in women. |
Don't let dust deck your halls this holiday season, says allergistOnce the Thanksgiving leftovers are all packed up, many people head for their dusty attic to unpack their holiday decorations. However, according to an allergy expert at Baylor College of Medicine, those who suffer from dust allergies should take extra precautions as they prepare to deck the halls this year. | |
 | New cancer diagnostic method unravels the complexity of breast cancer tumorsA team of researchers at Baylor College of Medicine, the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, RainDance Technologies, Inc., and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science has developed a novel computational approach to unravel the complexity of breast cancer tumors. The strategy allows researchers to identify the different types of cells in the tumor and to unveil how the interactions between cancer and normal cells may shape the fate of the tumor. The results appear in Cell Reports. |
Molecular 'pillars' team up to protect liver from toxic fat buildupAs obesity rates rise in the United States, so does the incidence of liver diseases. In fact, 80 percent of obese people are believed to have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, while another related liver disorder, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is expected to overtake hepatitis C as the leading cause of liver-related deaths, according to the National Institutes of Health. However, the mechanisms behind the toxic fat buildup linked to these diseases are not fully understood. | |
 | Are SIDS and colic related? Researchers propose new theoryMany parents know the frustration and misery of having an infant with colic. Try as they might, there often seems to be no way for concerned parents to calm a crying child. Though researchers haven't been able to pinpoint the cause of colic—a commonly held belief is that it stems from a digestive issue—a research team has suggested that colic is rooted in the baby's developing respiratory control system. The team also proposed that what causes an infant's vulnerability to colic may be the same as what makes an infant at risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). |
 | Recipe alterations, portion control key to healthful holiday eatingOvereating is as much a holiday tradition as watching football, so a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service expert has some tips on how to alter holiday recipes and make better food choices for healthier eating. |
 | How young children become moral and cooperative peopleNew work by a University of Virginia psychologist finds that the seeds of personal and social morality emerge as early as 5 years of age. |
 | Sharper imaging would promote earlier diagnosis of malignanciesA common chemical element embedded in a tiny bubble of fat has the potential to advance cancer imaging. In a study of pet dogs that were biopsied for cancer, a new contrast agent used in CT imaging allowed veterinarians to more easily pinpoint suspicious masses and detect typically elusive tumors in the liver. The finding could lead to better cancer diagnosis in human patients. |
 | Young children are terrible at hiding – psychologists have a new theory whyYoung children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. There's something highly exciting for children about escaping someone else's glance and making oneself "invisible." |
Compromised immune system can be re-activatedFailure of the immune system during blood poisoning (sepsis) can be reversed by a specific sugar. This restores the ability of immune cells to respond effectively to infections. This week, researchers from Radboud University and Radboudumc published an article on this topic in Cell. These insights can lead to improved treatment of sepsis. | |
 | A gastroenterologist sheds light on Crohn'sWhen Garth Swanson's patients learn they have been diagnosed with Crohn's disease, one of the first things they tend to do is seek out others who have it too—friends, family members, people online. |
Composite polymeric clip could revolutionise how surgeons treat aneurysmsA product developed by German and Spanish partners could revolutionise how surgeons treat one of medicine's more mysterious conditions. | |
Predominantly black neighborhoods excluded from municipal water service have poorer quality drinking waterA new study from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill reveals inequities in water quality in central North Carolina. | |
 | Parents, pediatricians differ on key concepts of partnershipA strong partnership between parents and pediatricians is critical to providing effective health care for children. But researchers at the Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics found that parents and pediatricians don't necessarily share the same views of partnership. |
 | Worrying traces of resistant bacteria in airPolluted city air has now been identified as a possible means of transmission for resistant bacteria. Researchers in Gothenburg have shown that air samples from Beijing contain DNA from genes that make bacteria resistant to the most powerful antibiotics we have. |
New tech to treat atrial fibrillation, the most common arrhythmiaResearchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia and Hospital Gregorio Marañón in Madrid have partnered to develop a more efficient system for detecting and treating atrial fibrillation that will be in hospitals soon. | |
 | Viagra linked with reduced heart attack risk and improved heart attack survivalMen with type 2 diabetes taking treatments for erectile dysfunction could be reducing their risk of a heart attack and improving their chances of surviving a heart attack, according to a study funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR). |
 | Reversing physician burnout, using nine strategies to promote well-beingResearchers at Mayo Clinic have been documenting the rise and costs of physician burnout for more than a decade. Now, they are proposing nine strategies that health care organizations can use to reverse the trend and limit the risk to patients and their medical staff. Tait Shanafelt, M.D., director of Mayo Clinic's Program on Physician Well-being, and John Noseworthy, M.D., president and CEO, Mayo Clinic, offer the nine-point plan in the current issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings. |
 | New quality control revealed in immune T cell developmentThe research into T cell development within an organ called the thymus revealed for the first time that a protein complex called LUBAC enables 'quality control' of the cells before they are released into the bloodstream. |
Brain science—building a framework for ethical and social aspectsRepairing traumatic brain injury, staving off dementia, improving memory, regulating emotion, controlling devices with mere thoughts, plus a multitude of other means of interacting with or influencing fundamental brain functions are here or will be soon. | |
 | Protective molecule sidelined in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosisResearchers at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute have identified a naturally occurring molecule that has the potential for preserving sites of communication between nerves and muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and over the course of aging—as well as a molecule that interferes with this helpful process. |
Fear of the unknown common to many anxiety disordersSeveral anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and specific phobias, share a common underlying trait: increased sensitivity to uncertain threat, or fear of the unknown, report researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago. The finding could help steer treatment of these disorders away from diagnosis-based therapies to treating their common characteristics. | |
 | Study offers new insight into how Alzheimer's disease beginsA new study from The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston offers important insight into how Alzheimer's disease begins within the brain. The researchers found a relationship between inflammation, a toxic protein and the onset of the disease. The study also identified a way that doctors can detect early signs of Alzheimer's by looking at the back of patients' eyes. |
 | Can protein, probiotics help with blood sugar control?(HealthDay)—Adding protein-rich or probiotic-laden foods to your diet may help control your blood sugar levels, according to a pair of new studies. |
 | Neighborhoods may be key to teens' mental well-being(HealthDay)—Teenagers living in cohesive neighborhoods—where trusted neighbors get involved in monitoring each other's children—experience fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, a new study suggests. |
 | FDA explains pros, cons of permanent birth control(HealthDay)—Women need to carefully consider the benefits and risks of permanent birth control devices, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration says. |
 | Guidelines developed for prostate MRI after negative biopsy(HealthDay)—In a consensus statement from the American Urological Association and Society of Abdominal Radiology, published in the December issue of The Journal of Urology, guidelines are presented for prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with negative biopsy. |
 | How thinking about behavior differently can lead to happier FASD familiesA new study from the University of Rochester sheds light on how parents and caregivers of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) can best help their kids, and at the same time, maintain peace at home and at school. |
 | Toddlers with autism don't avoid eye contact, but do miss its significanceA new study conducted by researchers at Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and Emory University School of Medicine helps put to rest a longstanding controversy and question about children with autism spectrum disorder. |
 | Researchers create powerful new tools to combat ZikaNew research from The University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, in collaboration with Southwest University in Chongqing, China and the University of Leuven in Belgium, have developed a way to replicate the basic structure of the Zika virus, stripping it of the genes that make the virus infectious. The replicon system research was spearheaded by Dr. Xuping Xie and recently published in EBioMedicine. |
 | The key to a better mood for young men is a nutCollege can be a stressful time for young adults as they figure out how to manage intense daily routines that include work, study and play. Eat well, exercise and get plenty of sleep is a familiar mantra to alleviate this stress, but now with the results of his latest study, UNM Nutrition Professor Peter Pribis is able to tell college students that walnuts could be a key to a happier state-of-mind. |
 | How much attention do drivers need to pay?If it were possible to determine exactly what constitutes inattention while driving, it might be possible to detect inattention before bad things happen. That's critically important in light of advances in automated transportation and perhaps one of the potential outcomes of a new theory of driver distraction from researchers at the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute. In their recent Human Factors paper, "Minimum Required Attention: A Human-Centered Approach to Driver Inattention," Katja Kircher and Christer Ahlstrom looked at the limitations of existing definitions of driver inattention and formulated MiRA, or "minimum required attention." |
 | UN agency lifts Zika emergency, prepares for long-term fightAcknowledging Zika is "here to stay," the United Nations health agency on Friday lifted a 9-month-old emergency declaration and prepared for a longer-term response to the mosquito-borne virus that can result in severe neurological defects in newborns whose mothers were infected. |
Brazil maintains Zika emergency statusBrazil said Friday that it will continue to treat the Zika outbreak as an emergency, even as the World Health Organization considers whether to downgrade it from crisis status. | |
 | Outreach to cirrhosis patients doubles early screening rates for deadly liver cancerProactive outreach to cirrhosis patients in a safety net health system successfully doubled their screening rates for liver cancer, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers found. |
Staying socially active can slow decline in older adults' ability to functionThe ability to perform the simple activities of daily living—dressing, bathing, toileting, preparing simple meals, and doing light housekeeping, for example—is crucial to an older adult's independence and quality of life. When older adults begin having trouble managing these activities by themselves, their risks for falls, hospitalization, and even death can increase. Recently, a group of researchers from the Nara Medical University in Japan examined whether or not participation in social activities could affect an older adult's ability to function. Their study was published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. | |
For some older Chinese-Americans, caring for grandchildren can enhance well-being and ease anxiety, stressUp until now, little has been known about how helping care for grandchildren might affect the well-being of older adults who are Chinese-Americans. Researchers recently considered that question in a study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. | |
New research finds avocado extract can prevent Listeria in foodConsumer demand for food products formulated without synthetic additives has increased. However, food still has to be safe for consumers to eat, so food scientists are looking for ways to replace synthetic additives. Since some additives are needed for food safety reasons, food product developers are faced with the challenge of developing more "natural" additives that can produce comparable results. | |
Palliative care may mean fewer difficult transitions for older adults nearing end of lifePalliative care is treatment—such as medication, nutritional support, or massage—that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. Palliative care can help ease pain, insomnia, shortness of breath, nausea, and appetite loss. Other forms of this care, such as counseling, also can help older adults and their families cope with the emotional, social, practical, and spiritual challenges that may arise during a serious illness. | |
 | Last-line antibiotics are failingOn the occasion of the 9th European Antibiotic Awareness Day, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is releasing its latest EU-wide data on antibiotic resistance and antibiotic consumption. In 2015, antibiotic resistance continued to increase for most bacteria and antibiotics under surveillance. In particular, the EU average percentage of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae increased from 6.2% in 2012 to 8.1% in 2015, and combined resistance to carbapenems and polymyxins (e.g. colistin) was sometimes reported. These two groups of antibiotics are considered last-line antibiotics as they usually are the last treatment options for patients infected with bacteria resistant to other available antibiotics. While antibiotic consumption in hospitals significantly increased in several EU Member States, antibiotic consumption in the community decreased in six EU Member States. |
 | U.K. sexual health in an age of austeritySexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a hugely important yet neglected area of public health. From access to abortion and contraception to treatment for HIV, SRH services are an essential part of efforts to address inequality. Yet SRH provision has been severely impacted by the NHS restructure precipitated by the 2012 Health and Social Care Act and by subsequent cuts to public spending. |
 | Opinion: Vaccinations, vaccine science, and a new U.S. presidentThe 2016 US Presidential debates and campaign were mostly devoid of any meaningful science policy discussions. Beyond climate change we don't really know where US President-Elect Donald Trump stands on most science issues, but given the urgency of some of the most pressing and emerging aspects of a global science agenda we can expect him to welcome such challenges in the weeks and months ahead. |
Implementation science looks to eHealth technology to enhance doctor-patient relationshipNew and developing eHealth technologies have the potential to improve the patient-provider connection and patient-centered health care. An opinion piece authored by three physicians looks to rehabilitation medicine, with its long history of use of technology, as a model for positive ways to incorporate technology to enhance the doctor-physician relationship across the spectrum of medical care specialties. | |
About one million Texans gained health care coverage due to Affordable Care ActTexas has experienced a roughly 6 percentage-point increase in health insurance coverage from the Affordable Care Act (ACA), according to new research by experts at Rice University and the Episcopal Health Foundation (EHF). This translates into just under 1 million Texans who have gained coverage due to President Barack Obama's health care law. | |
Improving veterans' overall health and academic successAbout two-thirds of veterans using Veterans Affairs Department education benefits earn a degree or complete a certificate or training program. The remaining third drop out, however, overcome by challenges in transitioning from service member to student. | |
Reflux and ulcer medications linked to kidney stones and chronic kidney diseaseCertain medications commonly used to treat heartburn, acid reflux, and ulcers can have damaging effects on the kidneys. The findings come from two studies that will be presented at ASN Kidney Week 2016 November 15¬-20 at McCormick Place in Chicago, IL. | |
Association between multiple chronic conditions and hospitalizations among recipients of long-term services and supportsLong-term services and supports are provided to disabled persons who live in nursing homes, in assisted living facilities, and in their own homes to help maintain quality of life and independence. In the United States (US), long-term services and supports are provided to 12 million people. | |
 | Brazil to monitor Zika babies for three yearsBrazil's Health Ministry said Friday that babies whose mothers were infected by the Zika virus during pregnancy will be monitored until they are 3 years old to detect the presence of possible problems other than microcephaly. |
Biology news
 | Characteristics of a metabolon producing the defense compound dhurrin in sorghum revealed(Phys.org)—An international team of researchers has uncovered the mechanism by which the sorghum plant uses the compound dhurrin to ward off pests and herbivores. In their paper published in the journal Science, the team describes their study, their results and the possible impact of their findings on the field of metabolon research. Mehran Dastmalchi and Peter Facchini with the University of Calgary offer a perspective piece on the work done by the team in the same journal issue, calling it a "watershed in metabolon research." |
 | Novel study shows 'cocktail' of soil bacteria can protect rice plants from deadly forcesUniversity of Delaware student Jonathon Cottone knows the tell-tale signs that rice plants are getting sick: the yellowing leaves, the faint football-shaped lesions. |
 | Bacteria communicate to ramp up collective immune response to viral threatsBacteria can boost their own immune systems by "talking" to each other, surprising new research from New Zealand's University of Otago shows. |
 | Protein points cells in the right direction for migrations in developing tissuesThe stretching and growth of skin tissue during embryonic development in animals requires a novel signaling pathway involving CDC-42 GTPase to direct the movement of cells during migrations, report Elise Walck-Shannon and Jeff Hardin of the University of Wisconsin, Madison and colleagues, in a study published November 18 in PLOS Genetics. |
 | 'Freeze-frame' proteins show how cancer evolves: Researchers capture elusive clues about cells' path to cancerScientists from Rice University, Baylor College of Medicine and other institutions are using synthetic biology to capture elusive, short-lived snippets of DNA that healthy cells produce on their way to becoming cancerous. |
 | Soybean plants with fewer leaves yield moreUsing computer model simulations, scientists have predicted that modern soybean crops produce more leaves than they need to the detriment of yield—a problem made worse by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. They tested their prediction by removing about one third of the emerging leaves on soybeans and found an 8% increase in seed yield in replicated trials. They attribute this boost in yield to increased photosynthesis, decreased respiration, and diversion of resources that would have been invested in more leaves than seeds. |
 | Plant breeders take cues from consumers to improve kaleA Cornell program is reimagining kale – its color, shape and even flavor – in a bid to breed the naturally biodiverse vegetable for consumer satisfaction. |
 | Collars monitor cow health, freeing up farmers' timeA Fitbit for cows? Collars with tags that carry an accelerometer – the same technology used in the popular fitness-tracking device – are effective noninvasive tools for tracking the health of dairy cows, according to Cornell research. |
 | Critically endangered honeyeater population discoveredResearchers at The Australian National University (ANU) have found a new breeding population of the critically endangered regent honeyeater. |
 | Dissecting bacterial infections at the single-cell levelTechnological advances are making the analysis of single bacterial infected human cells feasible, Würzburg researchers have used this technology to provide new insight into the Salmonella infection process. The study has just been published in Nature Microbiology. |
 | Precut salad may encourage growth of SalmonellaA new study from the University of Leicester shows that small amounts of damage to salad leaves in bagged salads encourage the presence of Salmonella enterica. Juices released from damaged leaves also enhance the pathogen's ability to attach to the salad's plastic container. The research is published November 18th in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, a journal of the American Society for Microbiology. |
 | Further decrease in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in Austrian dairy cows is necessary: studyToday's European Antibiotic Awareness Day demonstrates the necessity of the responsible use of antimicrobial substances in both humans and animals to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. With this in mind, the Institute of Veterinary Public Health at the Vetmeduni Vienna published a study on the use of antibiotics on Austrian dairy farms earlier this year. Although dairy cattle are less frequently treated with antibiotics than pigs and poultry, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as cephalosporins should be reduced. These drugs are considered particularly important by the World Health Organization (WHO), as they are essential for the treatment of severe bacterial infections in humans. Resistance to these antibiotics can, therefore, have very serious consequences. The study was published in English in the Berliner and Münchner Tierärztlichen Wochenschrift. |
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