Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Contents: 2016 Volume #23 pp 949-1028

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TABLE OF CONTENTS November 2016 Volume 23, Issue 11 Meeting Report News and Views Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Meeting Report Top Climbing to the peak of nascent-chain knowledge   pp949 - 951 Daniel N Wilson and Patricia L Clark doi:10.1038/nsmb.3314 During protein synthesis, the growing nascent polypeptide chain acts as a positive or negative regulator of the rate of peptide-bond formation and ribosomal fidelity, and influences the efficiency of downstream protein-folding and targeting events. At a recent international meeting held on the banks of Lake Kawaguchi in Japan, scientists and students investigating diverse aspects of nascent-chain biology met to discuss their latest findings in the scenic presence of Mount Fuji. News and Views Top Retrotransposons jump into alternative-splicing regulation via a long noncoding RNA   pp952 - 954 Reini F Luco doi:10.1038/nsmb.3318 A conserved long noncoding RNA expressed at the 5S rDNA ribosomal locus has acquired a novel function in alternative-splicing regulation in primates, owing to the insertion of a mobile Alu element. This discovery opens new perspectives regarding the roles of transposable elements in expanding the human transcriptome and may be applied as a biotechnology tool to drive gene-specific changes in alternative splicing. See also: Article by Hu et al. mRNA decapping in 3D   pp954 - 956 Jeff Coller doi:10.1038/nsmb.3315 The degradation of mRNAs involves removal of the 5′ protective cap via a decapping-enzyme complex, in a largely irreversible process that commits the transcript for destruction. Understanding how the decapping reaction is catalyzed and regulated are major goals in the field. New data suggest how the chemistry of decapping is controlled and orchestrated within the cell. See also: Article by Charenton et al. | Article by Mugridge et al. The membrane strikes back: phosphoinositide binding regulates Skywalker function   pp956 - 957 Steven J Del Signore and Avital A Rodal doi:10.1038/nsmb.3313 Drosophila Skywalker regulates the GTPase Rab35, thereby controlling the turnover of synaptic-vesicle proteins. A new crystal structure of the TBC domain of Skywalker reveals an unexpected phosphoinositide-binding pocket, which is critical for synaptic function and is disrupted in DOORS syndrome-causing mutations in the human Skywalker homolog TBC1D24. See also: Article by Fischer et al. Structural & Molecular Biology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Associate Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Research Fellow Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) Assistant Professor Columbia University Medical Center (4) Tenure Track Faculty Positions - Adaptive and Functional Matter University of California, Merced Four year PhD Prize Studentships University of Oxford More Science jobs from Articles Top Regulation of CED-3 caspase localization and activation by C. elegans nuclear-membrane protein NPP-14   pp958 - 964 Xudong Chen, Yue Wang, Yu-Zen Chen, Brian L Harry, Akihisa Nakagawa et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3308 Perinuclear localization of CED-3 zymogen in C. elegans germ cells and interaction with nuclear-pore protein NPP-14 inhibit autocatalytic activation of CED-3, a central event in apoptosis. Skywalker-TBC1D24 has a lipid-binding pocket mutated in epilepsy and required for synaptic function   pp965 - 973 Baptiste Fischer, Kevin Luthy, Jone Paesmans, Charlotte De Koninck, Ine Maes et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3297 Structural, biochemical and functional analyses elucidate the mechanisms by which mutations in the TBC1D24 gene interfere with protein function, thus causing early-onset epilepsy and DOORS syndrome. See also: News and Views by Del Signore & Rodal Substrate-translocating loops regulate mechanochemical coupling and power production in AAA+ protease ClpXP   pp974 - 981 Piere Rodriguez-Aliaga, Luis Ramirez, Frank Kim, Carlos Bustamante and Andreas Martin doi:10.1038/nsmb.3298 Single-molecule spectroscopy reveals the complete mechanochemical cycle of the AAA+ protease ClpXP: ADP release and ATP binding occur during the dwell phase, whereas ATP hydrolysis and Pi release occur during the burst phase. Structure of the active form of Dcp1-Dcp2 decapping enzyme bound to m7GDP and its Edc3 activator   pp982 - 986 Clément Charenton, Valerio Taverniti, Claudine Gaudon-Plesse, Régis Back, Bertrand Séraphin et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3300 The crystal structure of the Kluyveromyces lactis decapping enzyme complex Dcp1-Dcp2 is solved in the presence of activator Edc3 and reaction product m7GDP, revealing an active conformation of the enzyme. See also: News and Views by Coller Structural basis of mRNA-cap recognition by Dcp1-Dcp2   pp987 - 994 Jeffrey S Mugridge, Marcin Ziemniak, Jacek Jemielity and John D Gross doi:10.1038/nsmb.3301 The structure of the S. pombe Dcp2-Dcp1 decapping enzyme complex with human activator PNRC2 and tight-binding cap analog reveals a new conformation and, along with kinetics analyses, provides insight into substrate recognition and mechanisms of activators. See also: News and Views by Coller E4 ligase-specific ubiquitination hubs coordinate DNA double-strand-break repair and apoptosis   pp995 - 1002 Leena Ackermann, Michael Schell, Wojciech Pokrzywa, Éva Kevei, Anton Gartner et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3296 The E4 ligase UFD-2 is required for apoptosis induced by DNA damage in C. elegans, and for the resolution of RAD-51 foci during homologous recombination-dependent repair, thus coordinating these two cellular processes. Dual interaction of the Hsp70 J-protein cochaperone Zuotin with the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits   pp1003 - 1010 Kanghyun Lee, Ruchika Sharma, Om Kumar Shrestha, Craig A Bingman and Elizabeth A Craig doi:10.1038/nsmb.3299 Structural and cross-linking analyses provide deeper insight into Zuo1's dual interactions with the ribosomal 60S and 40S subunits and indicate how Zuo1 may coordinate cotranslational protein folding and translation. Insertion of an Alu element in a lncRNA leads to primate-specific modulation of alternative splicing   pp1011 - 1019 Shanshan Hu, Xiaolin Wang and Ge Shan doi:10.1038/nsmb.3302 A primate-specific insertion of an Alu element in 5S-OT, a lncRNA transcribed from 5S rRNA loci, allows 5S-OT to regulate alternative splicing via RNA-RNA pairing and recruitment of the splicing factor U2AF65. See also: News and Views by Luco Importance of cycle timing for the function of the molecular chaperone Hsp90   pp1020 - 1028 Bettina K Zierer, Martin Rübbelke, Franziska Tippel, Tobias Madl, Florian H Schopf et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3305 Analyses of Hsp90 mutants show no correlation between the speed of ATP turnover and chaperone activity in vivo, indicating that timing of conformational transitions, rather than cycle speed, is essential for Hsp90 function. Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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