| | Evolution: Insect invasions and natural selection
Observations of a real-time invasion of Australia by Asian honeybees demonstrate how natural selection can allow a small founding population to overcome the genetic odds stacked against success. | Cell biology: A mitochondrial brake on vascular repair
Injured blood vessels are repaired by vascular smooth-muscle cells. It emerges that the protein Fat1 regulates the proliferation of these cells by inhibiting the function of mitochondria. | Optical physics: Clear directions for random lasers
Random lasers use disordered structures to produce light, which is usually emitted in many directions. A random laser that can produce a collimated beam offers a wide range of applications, from imaging to security scanning. | CRISPR/Cas9 β-globin gene targeting in human haematopoietic stem cells
These preclinical studies outline a CRISPR-based methodology for correcting β-globin gene mutations in haematopoietic stem cells to advance the development of next-generation therapies for β-haemoglobinopathies. | Magnetic reversals from planetary dynamo waves
Polarity reversals caused by dynamo waves are demonstrated in a magnetohydrodynamic model that is relevant to planetary cores, suggesting a possible mechanism of geomagnetic reversals. | Broadening not strengthening of the Agulhas Current since the early 1990s
The Agulhas Current has not intensified since the early 1990s, but has instead broadened as a result of more eddy activity. | A cannabinoid link between mitochondria and memory
Cannabinoids affect CB1 receptors on the mitochondrial membranes in the brain, triggering a decrease in downstream cAMP-dependent signalling; this leads to a decrease in brain mitochondrial activity and to cannabinoid-induced amnesia. | Different tissue phagocytes sample apoptotic cells to direct distinct homeostasis programs
Apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells can be sampled by lamina propria phagocytes, leading to distinct phagocyte-type-specific anti-inflammatory gene signatures and dendritic-cell-mediated induction of regulatory T cells. | Macrophages redirect phagocytosis by non-professional phagocytes and influence inflammation
Macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor enhances the uptake of microvesicles by non-professional phagocytes, such as airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts, thereby dampening tissue inflammation. | Neuromodulators signal through astrocytes to alter neural circuit activity and behaviour
Calcium signalling in astrocytes, driven through the octopamine/tyramine receptor and the TRP channel Water witch, is essential for neuromodulation and sensory responses in Drosophila larvae. | Control of mitochondrial function and cell growth by the atypical cadherin Fat1
Fragments of the atypical cadherin Fat1 accumulate in the mitochondria of vascular smooth muscle cells where they reduce respiration, leading to a regulated proliferative response to arterial injury. | Overcoming resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy by targeting PI3Kγ in myeloid cells
Targeting tumour-infiltrating suppressive myeloid cells with a selective PI3Kγ inhibitor overcomes resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy in various mouse myeloid-rich tumour models. | | RIPK1 counteracts ZBP1-mediated necroptosis to inhibit inflammation | | RIPK1 inhibits ZBP1-driven necroptosis during development. | | Neutralizing human antibodies prevent Zika virus replication and fetal disease in mice | | Ad26/MVA Therapeutic Vaccination with TLR7 Stimulation in SIV-Infected Rhesus Monkeys | | Erratum: Kamakura replies | | The stem osteichthyan Andreolepis and the origin of tooth replacement
The extinct Andreolepis, an early fish that is close to the common ancestor of all bony fish and land vertebrates, shed its teeth by basal resportion—the earliest example of this mode of tooth replacement.
Donglei Chen, Henning Blom, Sophie Sanchez et al. | Evolution of Osteocrin as an activity-regulated factor in the primate brain
Osteocrin is a non-neuronal secreted protein in mice that has been evolutionarily repurposed to act as a neuronal development factor in primates.
Bulent Ataman, Gabriella L. Boulting, David A. Harmin et al. | Transplanted embryonic neurons integrate into adult neocortical circuits
Transplanted embryonic neurons in mice mature and achieve adult-like properties within 4–8 weeks, receiving appropriate inputs and establishing stimulus-selective responses.
Susanne Falkner, Sofia Grade, Leda Dimou et al. | Balancing selection shapes density-dependent foraging behaviour
Natural isolates of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes differ in their sensitivity to the anti-exploratory pheromone icas#9, yielding two distinct foraging strategies that possess different survival advantages depending on environmental conditions such as food distribution.
Joshua S. Greene, Maximillian Brown, May Dobosiewicz et al. | | Self-bound droplets of a dilute magnetic quantum liquid
A self-bound quantum droplet of magnetic atoms is observed in a trap-free levitation field.
Matthias Schmitt, Matthias Wenzel, Fabian Böttcher et al. | Tracking the ultrafast motion of a single molecule by femtosecond orbital imaging
Watching a single molecule move calls for measurements that combine ultrafast temporal resolution with atomic spatial resolution; this is now shown to be possible by combining scanning tunnelling microscopy with lightwave electronics, through a technique that involves removing a single electron from the highest occupied orbital of a single pentacene molecule in a time window shorter than an oscillation cycle of light.
Tyler L. Cocker, Dominik Peller, Ping Yu et al. | Catalytic alkylation of remote C–H bonds enabled by proton-coupled electron transfer
Catalytic alkylation of C–H bonds is achieved via homolysis of N–H bonds of N-alkyl amides through proton-coupled electron transfer.
Gilbert J. Choi, Qilei Zhu, David C. Miller et al. | Fluvial sediment supply to a mega-delta reduced by shifting tropical-cyclone activity
About a third of the sediment delivery of the Mekong River is shown to be associated with rainfall generated by tropical cyclones, suggesting that future delta stability will be strongly moderated by changes to tropical cyclone intensity, frequency and track.
Stephen E. Darby, Christopher R. Hackney, Julian Leyland et al. | Amide-directed photoredox-catalysed C–C bond formation at unactivated sp3 C–H bonds
The formation of carbon–carbon bonds is achieved via directed cleavage of traditionally non-reactive carbon–hydrogen bonds and their subsequent coupling with readily available alkenes.
John C. K. Chu, Tomislav Rovis | Cultural innovation and megafauna interaction in the early settlement of arid Australia
Warratyi rock shelter shows evidence of human occupation approximately 50,000 years ago, development of tool use and cultural innovation, and interaction with now-extinct megafauna in arid Australia.
Giles Hamm, Peter Mitchell, Lee J. Arnold et al. | A brain–spine interface alleviating gait deficits after spinal cord injury in primates
A wireless brain–spine interface is presented that enables macaques with a spinal cord injury to regain locomotor movements of a paralysed leg.
Marco Capogrosso, Tomislav Milekovic, David Borton et al. | A basal ganglia circuit for evaluating action outcomes
In mice, glutamatergic globus pallidus neurons projecting to the lateral habenula (GPh neurons) bi-directionally encode positive and negative prediction error signals that are critical for outcome evaluation and are driven by a subset of basal ganglia circuits.
Marcus Stephenson-Jones, Kai Yu, Sandra Ahrens et al. | Fatty acid synthesis configures the plasma membrane for inflammation in diabetes
Mice with macrophages deficient in fatty acid synthase exhibit lower levels of diabetes-related insulin resistance and inflammation, qualities that are restored on addition of exogenous cholesterol.
Xiaochao Wei, Haowei Song, Li Yin et al. | Reconstitution in vitro of the entire cycle of the mouse female germ line
Using a protocol that recapitulates both meiosis and oocyte growth in vitro, the authors induce mouse pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into fully functional oocytes that can be fertilized and generate viable offspring, thereby recapitulating the full mammalian female germline cycle in a dish.
Orie Hikabe, Nobuhiko Hamazaki, Go Nagamatsu et al. | Leukaemogenic effects of Ptpn11 activating mutations in the stem cell microenvironment
Mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 affect cells in the bone marrow environment, which leads to aberrant activation of resident haematopoietic stem cells and thereby contributes to the development of leukaemia.
Lei Dong, Wen-Mei Yu, Hong Zheng et al. | Single-cell RNA-seq supports a developmental hierarchy in human oligodendroglioma
Single-cell RNA-seq in human gliomas identifies cycling cancer stem cells and their differentiated glial-like cell progeny.
Itay Tirosh, Andrew S. Venteicher, Christine Hebert et al. | | | | |
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