Nature Chemical Biology Contents: September 2016, Volume 12 No 9 pp 657 - 762

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Advertisement Solve our challenge and win $200,000.  Identify novel small molecules that bind glucose and improve diabetes treatments. Visit our challenge here.  TABLE OF CONTENTS September 2016 Volume 12, Issue 9 Research Highlights News and Views Perspective Brief Communication Articles Advertisement   Free Naturejobs Career Expo London Registration is now open for the free Naturejobs Career Expo London on September 16, 2016. Be sure to attend this special 10 year anniversary of the London science career fair for your chance to meet employers face-to-face, attend all conferences and workshops, take part in our photo booth fun, win amazing prizes and so much more! Register Free today! Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement nature.com webcasts Nature Publishing Group presents a custom webcast on: Holistic workflow solutions to target, purify and characterize glycoprotein profiles Date: Thursday August 25, 2016 Time: 8AM PDT, 11AM EDT, 4PM BST, 5PM CEST  Register for the webcast and live Q&A session: Sponsored by: Thermo Fisher     Advertisement npj Science of Food is a new open access journal that is now open for submissions. The journal aims to understand how processing influences biological functions of food in hope to support and nucleate maturation of these areas of research. Sign up for article e-alerts   Research Highlights Top Plant biology: Shoot for the top | Innate immunity: A sweet switch | Chemical synthesis: Linking up lysines | Gut microbiome: Branching into metabolic disease News and Views Top Small-Molecule inhibitors: Weed-control measures   pp658 - 659 Koichi Yoneyama doi:10.1038/nchembio.2155 A high-throughput screen in the model plant Arabidopsis unveils leads for potential agents to combat Striga, a devastating root parasitic weed that affects food crops in Sub-Saharan Africa. See also: Article by Holbrook-Smith et al. Target validation: Switching domains   pp659 - 660 Alessio Ciulli doi:10.1038/nchembio.2154 Chemical probes and drugs often bind to functional domains on disease-relevant proteins. A study suggests a chemical genetic approach to establish on-target effects by swapping the targeted domain, affording resistance to pharmacological inhibition while retaining functionality. See also: Article by Hohmann et al. Structural biology: HDAC6 finally crystal clear   pp660 - 661 Yanli Liu, Li Li and Jinrong Min doi:10.1038/nchembio.2158 Crystal structures of both catalytic domains of HDAC6 provide insights into the mechanisms of deacetylation for their specific substrates and a structural basis for understanding selective inhibition of HDAC6. See also: Article by Hai & Christianson | Article by Miyake et al. Chemical Biology JOBS of the week Tenure-Track Earl Stadtman Investigators (assistant professor equivalent) Nathional Institues of Health Junior Group Leader Position at the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center Universitat Heidelberg Post-doctoral fellow in Quantitative Proteomics / Protease Proteomics KU Leuven, the Laboratory of Chemical Biology Postdoctoral Researcher ETH Zurich ETH Zurich - The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich Independent Group Leader Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) More Science jobs from Chemical Biology EVENT Emerging Paradigms in Drug Discovery & Chemical Biology 25 October 2016 New York, USA More science events from Perspective Top Insights into newly discovered marks and readers of epigenetic information   pp662 - 668 Forest H Andrews, Brian D Strahl and Tatiana G Kutateladze doi:10.1038/nchembio.2149 A Perspective focused on post-translational modifications of histone proteins and their selective recognition by epigenetic 'readers' highlights the importance of structural insights in understanding these key interactions in gene expression regulation. Brief Communication Top A calcium-dependent acyltransferase that produces N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines   pp669 - 671 Yuji Ogura, William H Parsons, Siddhesh S Kamat and Benjamin F Cravatt doi:10.1038/nchembio.2127 An activity-based proteomic strategy identifies PLA2G4E as the calcium-dependent N-acyltransferase that generates an unusual triacylated class of lipids, the NAPEs, which are precursors to bioactive lipids including the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide. Advertisement Nature Plants is now accepting submissions! Do you have something in the pipeline? Consider us for your next research paper. Find out how to submit in the Guide to Authors. Submit your research.   Articles Top Sensitivity and engineered resistance of myeloid leukemia cells to BRD9 inhibition   pp672 - 679 Anja F Hohmann, Laetitia J Martin, Jessica L Minder, Jae-Seok Roe, Junwei Shi et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2115 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells require BRD9 to regulate MYC gene expression and prevent myeloid differentiation. Selective inhibition of BRD9 using a chemical probe that was validated using a resistant bromodomain-swap allele of BRD9 limits AML cell growth. Chemical compounds See also: News and Views by Ciulli A reactivity-based probe of the intracellular labile ferrous iron pool   pp680 - 685 Benjamin Spangler, Charles W Morgan, Shaun D Fontaine, Mark N Vander Wal, Christopher J Chang et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2116 A reactivity-based probe containing an iron-sensitive 1,2,4-trixolane ring conjugated to a small molecule payload combined with a high-throughput immunofluorescence assay enables the selective detection of labile intracellular ferrous iron. Chemical compounds ZDHHC7-mediated S-palmitoylation of Scribble regulates cell polarity   pp686 - 693 Baoen Chen, Baohui Zheng, Michael DeRan, Gopala K Jarugumilli, Jianjun Fu et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2119 The use of activity-based chemical probes revealed that Scribble is palmitoylated at cysteine residues by the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC7. Loss of Scribble palmitoylation results in loss of cell polarity and its tumor suppressor activity. Chemical compounds Tbx16 regulates hox gene activation in mesodermal progenitor cells   pp694 - 701 Alexander Y Payumo, Lindsey E McQuade, Whitney J Walker, Sayumi Yamazoe and James K Chen doi:10.1038/nchembio.2124 Photoactivable caged morpholinos combined with whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed Tbx16-mediated suppression of posterior hox genes in zebrafish mesodermal progenitor cells. Pistol ribozyme adopts a pseudoknot fold facilitating site-specific in-line cleavage   pp702 - 708 Aiming Ren, Nikola Vusurovic, Jennifer Gebetsberger, Pu Gao, Michael Juen et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2125 Structural and biochemical analysis of the recently discovered env25 pistol ribozyme reveal an active site containing a pseudoknot that enforces in-line nucleophilic attack at the scissile phosphate and positions nucleotides for general acid and general base catalysis. Conformationally selective RNA aptamers allosterically modulate the β2-adrenoceptor   pp709 - 716 Alem W Kahsai, James W Wisler, Jungmin Lee, Seungkirl Ahn, Thomas J Cahill III et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2126 Evolution of RNA aptamers that act allosterically by recognizing and stabilizing specific conformations, including active, inactive, and ligand-specific conformations of the GPCR β2-adrenergic receptor, bound to pharmacologically distinct ligands. Targeted inhibition of oncogenic miR-21 maturation with designed RNA-binding proteins   pp717 - 723 Yu Chen, Fan Yang, Lorena Zubovic, Tom Pavelitz, Wen Yang et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2128 Rational design of the RNA recognition motif (RRM) of Rbfox promotes sequence-specific interaction with the terminal loop of miR-21 precursor. Replacement of the Dicer PAZ domain with this engineered Rbfox RRM enables specific degradation of pre-miR-21. Small-molecule antagonists of germination of the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica   pp724 - 729 Duncan Holbrook-Smith, Shigeo Toh, Yuichiro Tsuchiya and Peter McCourt doi:10.1038/nchembio.2129 A small-molecule screen examining the inhibition of Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth and seed germination identified an antagonist of strigolactone signaling, soporidine, that interacted with the strigolactone receptor AtHTL and blocked Striga germination. Chemical compounds See also: News and Views by Yoneyama Structure and function of the bacterial decapping enzyme NudC   pp730 - 734 Katharina Hofer, Sisi Li, Florian Abele, Jens Frindert, Jasmin Schlotthauer et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2132 Structural and biochemical studies of the bacterial NAD-decapping enzyme, NudC, in complex with NAD or its cleavage product NMN reveal the critical residues for substrate recognition and the preference of NudC for NAD-capped RNA. Structural analysis of Notch-regulating Rumi reveals basis for pathogenic mutations   pp735 - 740 Hongjun Yu, Hideyuki Takeuchi, Megumi Takeuchi, Qun Liu, Joshua Kantharia et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2135 Structural and biochemical studies of the Notch O-glucosyltransferase Rumi in complex with its substrates inform on the catalytic mechanism for Rumi substrate recognition, and characterization of cancer mutations in Rumi reveals loss of enzyme activity. Histone deacetylase 6 structure and molecular basis of catalysis and inhibition   pp741 - 747 Yang Hai and David W Christianson doi:10.1038/nchembio.2134 Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a cytoplasmic HDAC that is unusual in having two adjacent catalytic domains. Kinetic data and X-ray crystallographic analyses of human and zebrafish HDAC6 enzymes provide insight into HDAC6 catalysis and its inhibition by small molecules. Chemical compounds See also: News and Views by Liu et al. Structural insights into HDAC6 tubulin deacetylation and its selective inhibition   pp748 - 754 Yasuyuki Miyake, Jeremy J Keusch, Longlong Wang, Makoto Saito, Daniel Hess et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2140 X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals features of the tandem catalytic domains of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), their inhibition by small molecules and functional insights into the enzyme's role in tubulin deacetylation. See also: News and Views by Liu et al. Photoswitchable diacylglycerols enable optical control of protein kinase C   pp755 - 762 James Allen Frank, Dmytro A Yushchenko, David J Hodson, Noa Lipstein, Jatin Nagpal et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2141 A photoswitchable diacylglycerol enables spatiotemporal control of membrane translocation of C1-domain-containing proteins and protein kinase C activation to modulate calcium oscillations and vesicle release for synaptic transmission. 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