Nature Neuroscience Contents: July 2016 Volume 19 Number 7, pp 863 - 980

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TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2016 Volume 19, Issue 7 News and Views Perspective Brief Communication Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Open for Submissions An interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing high-quality open research relevant to all aspects of schizophrenia and psychosis. Explore the benefits of submitting your next research article.   News and Views Top Epigenetics, behavior and early nicotine   pp863 - 864 Rafael Maldonado and Miquel Martin doi:10.1038/nn.4330 Early nicotine exposure during brain development may cause long-lasting neurobiological and behavioral alterations in adulthood. Jung et al. present insights into the mechanisms mediating these developmental changes. See also: Article by Jung et al. PAM helps solve VTA's SHANKless problem   pp864 - 866 Michael F Priest and Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy doi:10.1038/nn.4336 Developmental knockdown of Shank3 affects excitatory synaptic transmission, activity of midbrain dopamine neurons, and behavior. Optogenetic dopamine release or enhancing metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling rescues these deficits. See also: Article by Bariselli et al. The dynamic nature of value-based decisions   pp866 - 867 Katherine E Conen and Camillo Padoa-Schioppa doi:10.1038/nn.4329 During a binary choice task, neuronal activity in monkey orbitofrontal cortex alternated between two network states. The internal dynamics revealed by a linear decoder correlated with the reaction time and with the eventual choice. See also: Article by Rich & Wallis Perspective Top Hyperkinetic disorders and loss of synaptic downscaling   pp868 - 875 Paolo Calabresi, Antonio Pisani, John Rothwell, Veronica Ghiglieri, Josè A Obeso et al. doi:10.1038/nn.4306 In this Perspective the authors provide a comparison of recent neurophysiological findings on the pathophysiology of three major movement disorders: Huntington's disease, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and dystonia. Both clinical and preclinical studies show that these hyperkinetic disorders share mechanisms underlying synaptic scaling and synaptic plasticity alterations in the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network. Neuroscience JOBS of the week Tenure Track Faculty Position in Optogenetics / Neuroscience University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine Research Scientist � Avian Transgenesis and Neuroscience Research Institute for Molecular Pathology Section Manager � Neuroscience Data Curation Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Postdoc in Neuroscience Inserm-ENS Fellow / Associate Professor in Neuroscience Research Australian National University More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT 24th Annual International STRESS AND BEHAVIOR Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Conference 16–19 May 2017 St Petersburg, Russia More science events from Brief Communication Top Topographical representation of odor hedonics in the olfactory bulb   pp876 - 878 Florence Kermen, Maëllie Midroit, Nicola Kuczewski, Jérémy Forest, Marc Thévenet et al. doi:10.1038/nn.4317 Hedonic value is a dominant aspect of olfactory perception. The authors combine immediate early gene mapping and optogenetics to show that the degree of behavioral attraction to odors is represented along the antero-posterior axis of the ventral olfactory bulb. This suggests that organization of the olfactory bulb reflects hedonic value. Advertisement Launching in 2017: Nature Human Behaviour Now Open for Submissions! The journal will publish research of outstanding significance into any aspect of human behaviour: its psychological, biological, and social bases, as well as its origins, development, and disorders. The journal aims to enhance the visibility of research into human behaviour, strengthening its societal reach and impact.  Click here to find out more and to submit your paper.     Articles Top YAP and TAZ control peripheral myelination and the expression of laminin receptors in Schwann cells   pp879 - 887 Yannick Poitelon, Camila Lopez-Anido, Kathleen Catignas, Caterina Berti, Marilena Palmisano et al. doi:10.1038/nn.4316 Cells respond to mechanical signals during development and after injury. Poitelon et al. report for the first time that myelin-forming glia activate the Hippo pathway effectors Yap and Taz in response to mechanical stimuli, and that they are required for Schwann cell development and myelination in vivo. Hedgehog signaling promotes basal progenitor expansion and the growth and folding of the neocortex   pp888 - 896 Lei Wang, Shirui Hou and Young-Goo Han doi:10.1038/nn.4307 During evolution, the neocortex has expanded dramatically and folded in certain species, providing superior sensorimotor and cognitive abilities. Expansion of neural progenitors called bRGs and IPCs plays key roles in expansion and folding of the neocortex. Using mouse models, comparative genomics and human cerebral organoids, this study shows that Shh signaling expands bRG and IPC populations, leading to neocortical expansion and folding. Olfactory receptor for prostaglandin F2α mediates male fish courtship behavior   pp897 - 904 Yoichi Yabuki, Tetsuya Koide, Nobuhiko Miyasaka, Noriko Wakisaka, Miwa Masuda et al. doi:10.1038/nn.4314 In fish, prostaglandin F2α is a female hormone regulating ovulation, but it is also a pheromone that triggers male reproductive behavior. In this study, the authors identified an olfactory receptor for prostaglandin F2α, which, when mutated, leads to impaired courtship behavior in male zebrafish. An epigenetic mechanism mediates developmental nicotine effects on neuronal structure and behavior   pp905 - 914 Yonwoo Jung, Lawrence S Hsieh, Angela M Lee, Zhifeng Zhou, Daniel Coman et al. doi:10.1038/nn.4315 Developmental nicotine exposure increased cortical dendritic complexity, levels of Ash2l and Mef2c (components of a histone methyltransferase complex), and H3MeK4 trimethylation at promoters of genes involved in synapse maintenance. Knockdown and overexpression experiments in utero showed that Ash2l and Mef2c regulate nicotine-mediated dendritic remodeling and changes in passive avoidance behavior. See also: News and Views by Maldonado & Martin Opposing mechanisms mediate morphine- and cocaine-induced generation of silent synapses   pp915 - 925 Nicholas M Graziane, Shichao Sun, William J Wright, Daniel Jang, Zheng Liu et al. doi:10.1038/nn.4313 Cocaine and morphine produce similar addiction-related behaviors, but different adaptations at accumbens synapses. The authors explain this paradox, showing that both drugs generate silent synapses in distinct neuronal types: cocaine in D1 type and morphine in D2 type. Withdrawal strengthens cocaine-generated silent synapses and weakens morphine-generated ones, producing common circuit effects. SHANK3 controls maturation of social reward circuits in the VTA   pp926 - 934 Sebastiano Bariselli, Stamatina Tzanoulinou, Christelle Glangetas, Clement Prevost-Solie, Luca Pucci et al. doi:10.1038/nn.4319 The authors show that downregulation of SHANK3 in the VTA induces cell specific changes in DA and GABA neurons that converge to generate social behavioral deficits. Administration of a positive allosteric modulator of the type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1) ameliorates synaptic, circuit and behavioral deficits. See also: News and Views by Priest & Kozorovitskiy Spatially segregated feedforward and feedback neurons support differential odor processing in the lateral entorhinal cortex   pp935 - 944 Frauke C Leitner, Sarah Melzer, Henry Lutcke, Roberta Pinna, Peter H Seeburg et al. doi:10.1038/nn.4303 The lateral entorhinal cortex computes and transfers olfactory information from the olfactory bulb to the hippocampus and supports associative multimodal memories. Leitner et al. characterize the activity of odor-responsive cell types in this brain area and identify upstream and downstream brain areas to which olfactory information is conveyed. Silencing CA3 disrupts temporal coding in the CA1 ensemble   pp945 - 951 Steven J Middleton and Thomas J McHugh doi:10.1038/nn.4311 The circuit mechanisms underlying temporal coding in hippocampal area CA1 are poorly understood. The authors demonstrate that genetically removing CA3 input to CA1 disrupts temporally compressed ensemble-wide theta sequences in CA1 while sparing single-cell place coding, suggesting a crucial role for CA3 input in organizing the ensemble code for space. Hippocampal global remapping for different sensory modalities in flying bats   pp952 - 958 Maya Geva-Sagiv, Sandro Romani, Liora Las and Nachum Ulanovsky doi:10.1038/nn.4310 Hippocampal place cells encode the animal/'s position within the environment. Using flying bats navigating either by vision or echolocation, the authors found that hippocampal spatial maps changed completely between vision and echolocation. This suggests the hippocampus does not contain a single abstract map for a given environment, but rather multiple maps for different sensory modalities. Hippocampo-cortical coupling mediates memory consolidation during sleep   pp959 - 964 Nicolas Maingret, Gabrielle Girardeau, Ralitsa Todorova, Marie Goutierre and Michael Zugaro doi:10.1038/nn.4304 The authors show that artificially enhancing the temporal coordination between hippocampal sharp wave-ripples and cortical delta waves and spindles leads to the reorganization of cortical networks, an increase in their responsivity during recall, and memory consolidation. The study provides causal evidence for the role of hippocampo-cortical interactions during sleep in memory consolidation. Evaluation of ambiguous associations in the amygdala by learning the structure of the environment   pp965 - 972 Tamas J Madarasz, Lorenzo Diaz-Mataix, Omar Akhand, Edgar A Ycu, Joseph E LeDoux et al. doi:10.1038/nn.4308 Learning which environmental cues predict harm is paramount to survival, yet evidence for these associations is often ambiguous. The authors demonstrate a critical role for the amygdala in evaluating such ambiguities and show that a computational framework based on structure learning can explain this process. Decoding subjective decisions from orbitofrontal cortex   pp973 - 980 Erin L Rich and Jonathan D Wallis doi:10.1038/nn.4320 The neural mechanisms of subjective choice are largely unknown. Here the authors show that neural activity in orbitofrontal cortex alternates rapidly between the values of available options in patterns that predict choice behavior. These dynamics may provide a neural mechanism for deliberation and optimal decision-making. See also: News and Views by Conen & Padoa-Schioppa Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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