Nature Immunology Contents: July 2016 Volume 17 pp 741 - 887

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TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2016 Volume 17, Issue 7 Focus Correspondence News and Views Research Highlights Editorial Comment Reviews Perspectives Articles Resource Advertisement Immune Profiling in Health and Disease Presented by: Adaptive Biotechnologies | Nature Immunology | Nature Medicine | Nature Biotechnology | Nature Genetics October 3-5, 2016 | Bell Harbor International Conference Center, Seattle, WA, USA Register now! Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Senior Faculty Leadership Position in Immunology at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   The Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division (VIDD) of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center seeks exceptional applicants for a full-time senior faculty leadership position in immunology at the Full Member rank (comparable to Professor).  Learn more & apply   Advertisement Subscribe to Nature with our best current personal subscription offer to access a wealth of scientific articles, features and news every week. Personal subscriptions include app, online, digital and print access so you can enjoy Nature anytime, anywhere.   Focus Top Focus on Innate lymphoid cells Contents Editorial Comment Reviews Perspective Sponsor Animation Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently described family of lymphoid effector cells with important roles in immunological defense and tissue remodeling. Nature Immunology presents a series of specially commissioned articles that discuss the evolution, development, functional diversity and immunotherapeutic potential of ILCs. In collaboration with Nucleus Medical Media, Nature Immunology has also produced an animation that shows the complexity of ILC biology in the gut at steady state and during disease. Produced with support from MedImmune Animation by Nucleus Medical Media Correspondence Top Open-source ImmGen: mononuclear phagocytes   p741 the ImmGen Consortium:  Christophe Benoist doi:10.1038/ni.3478 News and Views Top Family ties among CNS macrophages   pp742 - 743 Melanie Greter doi:10.1038/ni.3490 Perivascular and subdural meningeal macrophages at the interface between the central nervous system and the periphery are self-renewing and arise from early embryonic precursors. Macrophages residing in the choroid plexus have dual origin, developing from circulating bone-marrow-derived monocytes and embryonic progenitors. See also: Article by Goldmann et al. Bach2 is required for B cell and T cell memory differentiation   pp744 - 745 Tom Sidwell and Axel Kallies doi:10.1038/ni.3493 B cell and T cell memory differentiation requires the transcription factor Bach2, which inhibits the effector-cell fate by limiting antigen-receptor-stimulation-induced gene expression and restricting premature expression of the transcriptional regulator Blimp-1. See also: Article by Roychoudhuri et al. | Article by Shinnakasu et al. Unchaining NK cell-mediated anticancer immunosurveillance   pp746 - 747 Laurence Zitvogel and Guido Kroemer doi:10.1038/ni.3471 In natural killer (NK) cells, CIS restrains a signaling pathway elicited by interleukin 15 (IL-15) that leads to activation of the kinase JAK1. Removal of CIS from NK cells increases their capacity to reduce the metastatic dissemination of breast cancer and melanoma in mice. See also: Article by Delconte et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Position in Translational Bioinformatics / Computational Immunology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT Systems Biology of Adaptive Immunity 14.05.17 Ascona, Switzerland More science events from Research Highlights Top Keeping on top of inflammation | Coping with stress | Acetate for memory | The tryptophan link | Nucleocytoplasmic danger signals | Neuronal antibody access Editorial Top Focus on Innate lymphoid cells A versatile cell population   p754 doi:10.1038/ni.3496 Innate lymphoid cells serve multiple roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to tissue insults and can contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases. Comment Top Focus on Innate lymphoid cells Innate lymphoid cells in defense, immunopathology and immunotherapy   pp755 - 757 Sascha Cording, Jasna Medvedovic, Tegest Aychek and Gérard Eberl doi:10.1038/ni.3448 Targeting innate lymphoid cells, the innate counterparts of T cells, might help direct an appropriate immune response during preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at pathogens and inflammatory pathologies Reviews Top Focus on Innate lymphoid cells NK cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells: partners in host defense   pp758 - 764 Hergen Spits, Jochem H Bernink and Lewis Lanier doi:10.1038/ni.3482 NK cells and ILC1s are developmentally distinct but share many functional similarities. Spits and colleagues describe current knowledge on the biology of these cells and the conditions under which they can be distinguished. Focus on Innate lymphoid cells Innate lymphoid cells as regulators of immunity, inflammation and tissue homeostasis   pp765 - 774 Christoph S N Klose and David Artis doi:10.1038/ni.3489 In this Review, Klose and Artis focus on how group 2 ILC and group 3 ILC responses are regulated and how they interact with other immune and non-immune cells to mediate their functions. Focus on Innate lymphoid cells Development of innate lymphoid cells   pp775 - 782 Erin C Zook and Barbara L Kee doi:10.4038/ni.3481 Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) arise from distinct hematopoietic progenitors. Zook & Kee discuss the transcriptional programs that direct the development of natural killer cells and various ILC subsets. Perspectives Top Focus on Innate lymphoid cells Innate lymphoid cell function in the context of adaptive immunity   pp783 - 789 Jennifer K Bando and Marco Colonna doi:10.1038/ni.3484 The redundant or specialized roles of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) relative to those of T cells in vivo remain hard to delineate experimentally. Bando and Colonna review the current understanding of the specialized in vivo functions of ILCs and discuss the genetic mouse models used to assess the contributions of ILCs versus those of T cells. Focus on Innate lymphoid cells The evolution of innate lymphoid cells   pp790 - 794 Eric Vivier, Serge A van de Pavert, Max D Cooper and Gabrielle T Belz doi:10.1038/ni.3459 The appearance of innate lymphoid cells was a major step in the evolution of vertebrate immunity. In their Perspective, Vivier et al. survey these cells in evolution and their functional inter-relationship with conventional T cells and B cells. Articles Top Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces   pp797 - 805 Tobias Goldmann, Peter Wieghofer, Marta Joana Costa Jordão, Fabiola Prutek, Nora Hagemeyer et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3423 Microglia progenitors seed the central nervous system from the yolk sac, but little is known about the origin of non-parenchymal macrophages. Prinz and colleagues demonstrate that these macrophages in the central nervous system are related to but distinct from microglia and are largely of embryonic origin. See also: Article by Goldmann et al. Methyltransferase Dnmt3a upregulates HDAC9 to deacetylate the kinase TBK1 for activation of antiviral innate immunity   pp806 - 815 Xia Li, Qian Zhang, Yuanyuan Ding, Yiqi Liu, Dezhi Zhao et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3464 The DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a has not been studied in innate immunity. Cao and colleagues show that Dnmt3a enhances antiviral responses via a non-canonical mechanism to activate the kinase TBK1 and the production of type I interferons in macrophages. CIS is a potent checkpoint in NK cell-mediated tumor immunity   pp816 - 824 Rebecca B Delconte, Tatiana B Kolesnik, Laura F Dagley, Jai Rautela, Wei Shi et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3470 IL-15-driven NK cells mediate anti-tumor immunity, but how IL-15 is negatively regulated remains unclear. Huntington and colleagues find that CIS, a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling family, suppresses the response to IL-15 and, as a result, CIS-deficient mice are more resistant to cancer metastasis. See also: News and Views by Zitvogel & Kroemer A TRAF-like motif of the inducible costimulator ICOS controls development of germinal center TFH cells via the kinase TBK1   pp825 - 833 Christophe Pedros, Yaoyang Zhang, Joyce K Hu, Youn Soo Choi, Ann J Canonigo-Balancio et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3463 Signaling via the inducible costimulator ICOS drives the stepwise development of follicular helper T cells. Kong and colleagues describe an ICOS-kinase TBK1 signaling pathway that specifies the commitment of these cells. Id2 reinforces TH1 differentiation and inhibits E2A to repress TFH differentiation   pp834 - 843 Laura A Shaw, Simon Bélanger, Kyla D Omilusik, Sunglim Cho, James P Scott-Browne et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3461 Activation of CD4+ T cells leads to their polarization to various effector states. Goldrath and colleagues identify a role for the E-protein inhibitor Id2 in promoting TH1 cell polarization over TFH cell polarization. Reciprocally, the transcription factor Bcl-6 represses Id2 expression in TFH cells. Inhibition of T cell receptor signaling by cholesterol sulfate, a naturally occurring derivative of membrane cholesterol   pp844 - 850 Feng Wang, Katharina Beck-García, Carina Zorzin, Wolfgang W A Schamel and Mark M Davis doi:10.1038/ni.3462 Davis and colleagues show that cholesterol sulfate, a naturally occurring analog of cholesterol, regulates CD3ζ phosphorylation and thymic selection. BACH2 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation by controlling access of AP-1 factors to enhancers   pp851 - 860 Rahul Roychoudhuri, David Clever, Peng Li, Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi, Kylie M Quinn et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3441 T cell activation upon TCR signaling can lead to development of effector and memory cells. Roychoudhuri and colleagues show that the transcription factor BACH2 promotes memory CD8+ T cell generation by blocking access to genomic regulatory sites recognized by AP-1. See also: News and Views by Sidwell & Kallies Regulated selection of germinal-center cells into the memory B cell compartment   pp861 - 869 Ryo Shinnakasu, Takeshi Inoue, Kohei Kometani, Saya Moriyama, Yu Adachi et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3460 T cells provide help to B cells in germinal centers. Kurosaki and colleagues show that B cells of lower affinity receive weaker T cell help. This scenario results in higher expression of the transcriptional repressor Bach2 and promotes the development of memory B cells. See also: News and Views by Sidwell & Kallies Germinal center B cells recognize antigen through a specialized immune synapse architecture   pp870 - 877 Carla R Nowosad, Katelyn M Spillane and Pavel Tolar doi:10.1038/ni.3458 B cells can capture antigen to present to helper T cells. Tolar and colleagues show that germinal center B cells use a distinct synaptic architecture to capture antigen with higher mechanical forces than those of other B cells, which might provide the basis for affinity discrimination. Resource Top Expression profiling of constitutive mast cells reveals a unique identity within the immune system   pp878 - 887 Daniel F Dwyer, Nora A Barrett, K Frank Austen and The Immunological Genome Project Consortium doi:10.1038/ni.3445 Austen and colleagues assess the transcriptional profiles of mast cells isolated from peripheral connective tissues and basophils isolated from spleen and blood. Mast cells show a unique tissue profile and minimal homology with basophils or other immunocytes. Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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