Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 17 May 2016

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17 May 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Biological Sciences               Marked variation between winter and spring gut microbiota in free-ranging Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) ▶     Binghua Sun, Xi Wang, Sofi Bernstein et al.     Variation in the availability and distribution of food resources is a strong selective pressure on wild primates. We explored variation in Tibetan macaque gut microbiota …             Imaging of bacterial multicellular behaviour in biofilms in liquid by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy ▶     Shinya Sugimoto, Ken-ichi Okuda, Reina Miyakawa et al.     Biofilms are complex communities of microbes that attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces causing chronic infectious diseases. Within a biofilm, microbes are embedded in a …             Two common structural motifs for TCR recognition by staphylococcal enterotoxins ▶     Karin E. J. Rödström, Paulina Regenthal, Christopher Bahl et al.     Superantigens are toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, called staphylococcal enterotoxins (abbreviated SEA to SEU). They can cross-link the T cell receptor (TCR) and major …             An early granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment attenuates neuropathic pain through activation of mu opioid receptors on the injured nerve ▶     Ming-Feng Liao, Shin-Rung Yeh, Ai-Lun Lo et al.     Several studies have shown that the mu opioid receptor (MOR) located in the peripheral nerves can be activated after nerve injury and that it attenuates peripheral nociceptive …             Deciphering the relationship among phosphate dynamics, electron-dense body and lipid accumulation in the green alga Parachlorella kessleri ▶     Shuhei Ota, Mai Yoshihara, Tomokazu Yamazaki et al.     Phosphorus is an essential element for life on earth and is also important for modern agriculture, which is dependent on inorganic fertilizers from phosphate rock. Polyphosphate …             Speech motor learning changes the neural response to both auditory and somatosensory signals ▶     Takayuki Ito, Joshua H. Coppola, David J. Ostry     In the present paper, we present evidence for the idea that speech motor learning is accompanied by changes to the neural coding of both auditory and somatosensory stimuli. …             Early clearance of Chikungunya virus in children is associated with a strong innate immune response ▶     Diane Simarmata, David Chun Ern Ng, Yiu-Wing Kam et al.     Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a global infectious disease which can affect a wide range of age groups. The pathological and immunological response upon Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) …             Usp9x-deficiency disrupts the morphological development of the postnatal hippocampal dentate gyrus ▶     Sabrina Oishi, Susitha Premarathne, Tracey J. Harvey et al.     Within the adult mammalian brain, neurogenesis persists within two main discrete locations, the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles, and the hippocampal dentate …             One-pot conversion of disaccharide into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by imidazole ionic liquid ▶     Yongshui Qu, Li Li, Quanyuan Wei et al.     Conversion of carbohydrate into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5- HMF), a versatile, key renewable platform compound is regarded as an important transformation in biomass-derived …             Variation in fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and aflatoxins during simulated storage of in-shell peanuts and peanut kernels ▶     Fuguo Xing, Ning Ding, Xiao Liu et al.     Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequencing was used to characterize the peanut mycobiome during 90 days storage at five conditions. The fungal diversity in in-shell peanuts …             CD23 can negatively regulate B-cell receptor signaling ▶     Chaohong Liu, Katharina Richard, Melvin Wiggins et al.     CD23 has been implicated as a negative regulator of IgE and IgG antibody responses. However, whether CD23 has any role in B-cell activation remains unclear. We examined the …             PD-L1 polymorphism can predict clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line paclitaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy ▶     Shin Yup Lee, Deuk Kju Jung, Jin Eun Choi et al.     This study was conducted to investigate whether polymorphisms of genes involved in immune checkpoints can predict the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced stage non-small …             TGF-β Signaling Regulates Cementum Formation through Osterix Expression ▶     Hwajung Choi, Yu-Hyun Ahn, Tak-Heun Kim et al.     TGF-β/BMPs have widely recognized roles in mammalian development, including in bone and tooth formation. To define the functional relevance of the autonomous requirement for …             Raising the avermectins production in Streptomyces avermitilis by utilizing nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) ▶     Jinsong Guo, Ruonan Ma, Bo Su et al.     Avermectins, a group of anthelmintic and insecticidal agents produced from Streptomyces avermitilis, are widely used in agricultural, veterinary, and medical fields. This study …             Solution structure of the isolated histone H2A-H2B heterodimer ▶     Yoshihito Moriwaki, Tsutomu Yamane, Hideaki Ohtomo et al.     During chromatin-regulated processes, the histone H2A-H2B heterodimer functions dynamically in and out of the nucleosome. Although detailed crystal structures of nucleosomes have …             SOD2 deregulation enhances migration, invasion and has poor prognosis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma ▶     Boyang Chang, Hang Yang, Yuan Jiao et al.     This study aimed to investigate the role of SOD2 in the progression and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). We analyzed the expression of SOD2 in 50 SACC …             ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells differentially regulate serotonergic and GABAergic activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus ▶     Ting Zhang, Lu Huang, Li Zhang et al.     The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), the major source of serotonergic input to the forebrain, receives excitatory input from the retina that can modulate serotonin levels and …             Task modulation of disyllabic spoken word recognition in Mandarin Chinese: a unimodal ERP study ▶     Xianjun Huang, Jin-Chen Yang, Ruohan Chang et al.     Using unimodal auditory tasks of word-matching and meaning-matching, this study investigated how the phonological and semantic processes in Chinese disyllabic spoken word …             Impaired Nitric Oxide Mediated Vasodilation In The Peripheral Circulation In The R6/2 Mouse Model Of Huntington’s Disease ▶     Andrew D. Kane, Youguo Niu, Emilio A. Herrera et al.     Recent evidence shows that the Huntington’s disease (HD) extends beyond the nervous system to other sites, including the cardiovascular system. Further, the cardiovascular …             Evolution of Genome Size in Asexual Digital Organisms ▶     Aditi Gupta, Thomas LaBar, Michael Miyagi et al.     Genome sizes have evolved to vary widely, from 250 bases in viroids to 670 billion bases in some amoebas. This remarkable variation in genome size is the outcome of complex …             Rearrangement of mitochondrial tRNA genes in flat bugs (Hemiptera: Aradidae) ▶     Fan Song, Hu Li, Renfu Shao et al.     The typical insect mitochondrial (mt) genome organization, which contains a single chromosome with 37 genes, was found in the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (suborder Heteroptera). …             Awareness of Emotional Stimuli Determines the Behavioral Consequences of Amygdala Activation and Amygdala-Prefrontal Connectivity ▶     R. C. Lapate, B. Rokers, D. P. M. Tromp et al.     Conscious awareness of negative cues is thought to enhance emotion-regulatory capacity, but the neural mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. Using continuous flash …             Improving classification of mature microRNA by solving class imbalance problem ▶     Ying Wang, Xiaoye Li, Bairui Tao     MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~20–25 nucleotides non-coding RNAs, which regulated gene expression in the post-transcriptional level. The accurate rate of identifying the start sit of …             Development of passive CLARITY and immunofluorescent labelling of multiple proteins in human cerebellum: understanding mechanisms of neurodegeneration in mitochondrial disease ▶     Jonathan Phillips, Alex Laude, Robert Lightowlers et al.     CLARITY enables immunofluorescent labelling and imaging of large volumes of tissue to provide a better insight into the three dimensional relationship between cellular morphology …             Notch signalling regulates asymmetric division and inter-conversion between lgr5 and bmi1 expressing intestinal stem cells ▶     Tara Srinivasan, Elaine Bich Than, Pengcheng Bu et al.     Rapidly cycling LGR5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of crypts are the primary driver of regeneration. Additionally, BMI1 expression is correlated with a slow …             Differential neuronal vulnerability identifies IGF-2 as a protective factor in ALS ▶     Ilary Allodi, Laura Comley, Susanne Nichterwitz et al.     The fatal disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the loss of somatic motor neurons leading to muscle wasting and paralysis. However, motor neurons in the …             The functional role of time compression ▶     Eckart Zimmermann, Christina Derichs, Gereon R. Fink     Multisensory integration provides continuous and stable perception from separate sensory inputs. Here, we investigated the functional role of temporal binding between the visual …             Potentiation of Glucose-stimulated Insulin Secretion by the GPR40–PLC–TRPC Pathway in Pancreatic β-Cells ▶     Hodaka Yamada, Masashi Yoshida, Kiyonori Ito et al.     G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in pancreatic beta-cells. G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) contributes to medium- or long-chain fatty acid-induced …             microRNA expression profiling on individual breast cancer patients identifies novel panel of circulating microRNA for early detection ▶     Rimi Hamam, Arwa M. Ali, Khalid A. Alsaleh et al.     Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer type and the second cause of cancer-related death among women. Therefore, better understanding of breast cancer tumor biology and the …             Molecular Mechanism for Conformational Dynamics of Ras·GTP Elucidated from In-Situ Structural Transition in Crystal ▶     Shigeyuki Matsumoto, Nao Miyano, Seiki Baba et al.     Ras•GTP adopts two interconverting conformational states, state 1 and state 2, corresponding to inactive and active forms, respectively. However, analysis of the mechanism for …             Phosphoprotein network analysis of white adipose tissues unveils deregulated pathways in response to high-fat diet ▶     Alli Shaik Asfa, Beiying Qiu, Sheena Wee et al.     Despite efforts in the last decade, signaling aberrations associated with obesity remain poorly understood. To dissect molecular mechanisms that define this complex metabolic …             Peroxisomes are platforms for cytomegalovirus’ evasion from the cellular immune response ▶     Ana Cristina Magalhães, Ana Rita Ferreira, Sílvia Gomes et al.     The human cytomegalovirus developed distinct evasion mechanisms from the cellular antiviral response involving vMIA, a virally-encoded protein that is not only able to prevent …             Polycomb repressive complex 1 controls uterine decidualization ▶     Fenghua Bian, Fei Gao, Andrey V. Kartashov et al.     Uterine stromal cell decidualization is an essential part of the reproductive process. Decidual tissue development requires a highly regulated control of the extracellular tissue …             Potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Ebola virus infection ▶     Qi Zhang, Miao Gui, Xuefeng Niu et al.     Ebola virus infections cause a deadly hemorrhagic disease for which no vaccines or therapeutics has received regulatory approval. Here we show isolation of three (Q206, Q314 and …             Paraventricular Nucleus Modulates Excitatory Cardiovascular Reflexes during Electroacupuncture ▶     Stephanie C. Tjen-A-Looi, Zhi-Ling Guo, Liang-Wu Fu et al.     The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regulates sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. Somatic afferent stimulation activates neurons in the hypothalamic PVN. Parvocellular PVN …             Global quantitative proteomics reveal up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response proteins upon depletion of eIF5A in HeLa cells ▶     Ajeet Mandal, Swati Mandal, Myung Hee Park     The eukaryotic translation factor, eIF5A, is a translation factor essential for protein synthesis, cell growth and animal development. By use of a adenoviral eIF5A shRNA, we have …             A single exercise bout enhances the manufacture of viral-specific T-cells from healthy donors: implications for allogeneic adoptive transfer immunotherapy ▶     Guillaume Spielmann, Catherine M. Bollard, Hawley Kunz et al.     Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The …             Photonic reagents for concentration measurement of flu-orescent proteins with overlapping spectra ▶     Alexei Goun, Denys I. Bondar, Ali O. Er et al.     By exploiting photonic reagents (i.e., coherent control by shaped laser pulses), we employ Optimal Dynamic Discrimination (ODD) as a novel means for quantitatively characterizing …             Transcriptomic responses of the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus to the saxitoxin producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense ▶     Vittoria Roncalli, Matthew C. Cieslak, Petra H. Lenz     In the Gulf of Maine, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus co-occurs with the neurotoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense. The copepod is resistant to this toxic alga, …             Ces3/TGH Deficiency Attenuates Steatohepatitis ▶     Jihong Lian, Enhui Wei, Jody Groenendyk et al.     Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in developed countries. NAFLD describes a wide range of liver pathologies from simple …             Dynamic allocation and transfer of non-structural carbohydrates, a possible mechanism for the explosive growth of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) ▶     Xinzhang Song, Changhui Peng, Guomo Zhou et al.     Moso bamboo can rapidly complete its growth in both height and diameter within only 35–40 days after shoot emergence. However, the underlying mechanism for this “explosive …             A Targeted Metabolomics MRM-MS Study on Identifying Potential Hypertension Biomarkers in Human Plasma and Evaluating Acupuncture Effects ▶     Mingxiao Yang, Zheng Yu, Shufang Deng et al.     The critical role of metabolic abnormality in hypertension is increasingly recognized, but its biomarkers are not clearly identified. In this study, 47 chemical compounds …             Biological strategy for the fabrication of highly ordered aragonite helices: the microstructure of the cavolinioidean gastropods ▶     Antonio G. Checa, Elena Macías-Sánchez, Joaquín Ramírez-Rico     The Cavolinioidea are planktonic gastropods which construct their shells with the so-called aragonitic helical fibrous microstructure, consisting of a highly ordered arrangement …             Cancer-associated DDX3X mutations drive stress granule assembly and impair global translation ▶     Yasmine A. Valentin-Vega, Yong-Dong Wang, Matthew Parker et al.     DDX3X is a DEAD-box RNA helicase that has been implicated in multiple aspects of RNA metabolism including translation initiation and the assembly of stress granules (SGs). Recent …             High therapeutic efficacy of Cathelicidin-WA against postweaning diarrhea via inhibiting inflammation and enhancing epithelial barrier in the intestine ▶     Hongbo Yi, Lin Zhang, Zhenshun Gan et al.     Diarrhea is a leading cause of death among young mammals, especially during weaning. Here, we investigated the effects of Cathelicidin-WA (CWA) on diarrhea, intestinal …             Antiviral effect of vitamin A on norovirus infection via modulation of the gut microbiome ▶     Heetae Lee, GwangPyo Ko     The effect and underlying mechanism of vitamin A on norovirus infection are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate how vitamin A administration affects the gut …             Identification of rs671, a common variant of ALDH2, as a gout susceptibility locus ▶     Masayuki Sakiyama, Hirotaka Matsuo, Hirofumi Nakaoka et al.     Gout is a common disease resulting from hyperuricemia. Recently, a genome-wide association study identified an association between gout and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) …             Pteropod eggs released at high pCO2 lack resilience to ocean acidification ▶     Clara Manno, Victoria L. Peck, Geraint A. Tarling     The effects of ocean acidification (OA) on the early recruitment of pteropods in the Scotia Sea, was investigated considering the process of spawning, quality of the spawned eggs …             An integrated soil-crop system model for water and nitrogen management in North China ▶     Hao Liang, Kelin Hu, William D. Batchelor et al.     An integrated model WHCNS (soil Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator) was developed to assess water and nitrogen (N) management in North China. It included five main modules: …             Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B inhibits apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages through protein S cleavage ▶     Chia-Ling Chen, Yueh-Ying Wu, Chiou-Feng Lin et al.     Clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages plays an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Previous study indicated that streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SPE B) …             α-Amanitin Restrains Cancer Relapse from Drug-Tolerant Cell Subpopulations via TAF15 ▶     Kohei Kume, Miyuki Ikeda, Sawako Miura et al.     Cancer relapse occurs with substantial frequency even after treatment with curative intent. Here we studied drug-tolerant colonies (DTCs), which are subpopulations of cancer …             Enhanced adsorptive removal of p-nitrophenol from water by aluminum metal–organic framework/reduced graphene oxide composite ▶     Zhibin Wu, Xingzhong Yuan, Hua Zhong et al.     In this study, the composite of aluminum metal–organic framework MIL-68(Al) and reduced graphene oxide (MA/RG) was synthesized via a one–step solvothermal method, and their …             Targeting multiple response regulators of Mycobacterium tuberculosis augments the host immune response to infection ▶     Srijon Kaushik Banerjee, Manish Kumar, Reshma Alokam et al.     The genome of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) encodes eleven paired two component systems (TCSs) consisting of a sensor kinase (SK) and a response regulator (RR). The SKs sense …             Effects of ADMA on gene expression and metabolism in serum-starved LoVo cells ▶     Ningning Zheng, Ke Wang, Jiaojiao He et al.     Serum starvation is a typical way for inducing tumor cell apoptosis and stress. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous metabolite. Our previous study reveals the …             The developmental effects of pentachlorophenol on zebrafish embryos during segmentation: A systematic view ▶     Ting Xu, Jing Zhao, Zhifa Xu et al.     Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a typical toxicant and prevailing pollutant whose toxicity has been broadly investigated. However, previous studies did not specifically investigate …             Identifying local-scale wilderness for on-ground conservation actions within a global biodiversity hotspot ▶     Shiwei Lin, Ruidong Wu, Chaolang Hua et al.     Protecting wilderness areas (WAs) is a crucial proactive approach to sustain biodiversity. However, studies identifying local-scale WAs for on-ground conservation efforts are …             CD3brightCD56+ T cells associate with pegylated interferon-alpha treatment nonresponse in chronic hepatitis B patients ▶     Chuang Guo, Xiaokun Shen, Binqing Fu et al.     Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is a serious and prevalent health concern worldwide, and the development of effective drugs and strategies to combat this disease is urgently …             Modeling and fitting protein-protein complexes to predict change of binding energy ▶     Daniel F.A.R. Dourado, Samuel Coulbourn Flores     It is possible to accurately and economically predict change in protein-protein interaction energy upon mutation (ΔΔG), when a high-resolution structure of the complex is …             The small GTPases Ras and Rap1 bind to and control TORC2 activity ▶     Ankita Khanna, Pouya Lotfi, Anita J. Chavan et al.     Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (TORC2) has conserved roles in regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and cell migration and has been linked to cancer metastasis. However, little is …             The proactive bilingual brain: Using interlocutor identity to generate predictions for language processing ▶     Clara D. Martin, Monika Molnar, Manuel Carreiras     The present study investigated the proactive nature of the human brain in language perception. Specifically, we examined whether early proficient bilinguals can use interlocutor …             An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene in bat genomes derived from an ancient negative-strand RNA virus ▶     Masayuki Horie, Yuki Kobayashi, Tomoyuki Honda et al.     Endogenous bornavirus-like L (EBLL) elements are inheritable sequences derived from ancient bornavirus L genes that encode a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in many …             Embryonic and postnatal telomere length decrease with ovulation order within clutches ▶     José C. Noguera, Neil B. Metcalfe, Sophie Reichert et al.     Telomere length (TL) in early life has been found to be predictive of subsequent lifespan. Factors such as parental TL, parental age and environmental conditions during …             Novel Locus for Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia Mapped to Chromosome 3q28-29 ▶     Ding Liu, Yumiao Zhang, Yu Wang et al.     Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is characterized by recurrent and brief attacks of dystonia or chorea precipitated by sudden movements. It can be sporadic or familial. …             Plant phosphomannose isomerase as a selectable marker for rice transformation ▶     Lei Hu, Hao Li, Ruiying Qin et al.     The E. coli phosphomannose isomerase (EcPMI) gene is widely used as a selectable marker gene (SMG) in mannose (Man) selection-based plant transformation. Although some plant …             Dosimetric analysis of isocentrically shielded volumetric modulated arc therapy for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer ▶     Jia-Yang Lu, Bao-Tian Huang, Lei Xing et al.     This study aimed to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of an isocentrically shielded RapidArc (IS-RA) technique for treatment of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer …             A cross-immunization model for the extinction of old influenza strains ▶     Florian Uekermann, Kim Sneppen     Given the frequent mutation of antigenic features, the constancy of genetic and antigenic diversity of influenza within a subtype is surprising. While the emergence of new …             Formylpeptide Receptors Promote the Migration and Differentiation of Rat Neural Stem Cells ▶     Guan Wang, Liang Zhang, Xingxing Chen et al.     Neural stem cells (NSCs) bear characteristics for proliferation, migration and differentiation into three main neural cell type(s): neurons, astrocytes and/or oligodendrocytes. …             Macrophage phagocytosis alters the MRI signal of ferumoxytol-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells in cartilage defects ▶     Hossein Nejadnik, Olga Lenkov, Florian Gassert et al.     Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a promising tool for cartilage regeneration in arthritic joints. hMSC labeling with iron oxide nanoparticles enables non-invasive in vivo …             Slug-upregulated miR-221 promotes breast cancer progression through suppressing E-cadherin expression ▶     Yi Pan, Jing Li, Yaqin Zhang et al.     It is generally regarded that E-cadherin is downregulated during tumorigenesis via Snail/Slug-mediated E-cadherin transcriptional reduction. However, this transcriptional …             Alterations in gray matter volume due to unilateral hearing loss ▶     Xingchao Wang, Pengfei Xu, Peng Li et al.     Although extensive research on neural plasticity resulting from hearing deprivation has been conducted, the direct influence of compromised audition on the auditory cortex and …             Individualistic weight perception from motion on a slope ▶     K. Zintus-art, D. Shin, H. Kambara et al.     Perception of an object’s weight is linked to its form and motion. Studies have shown the relationship between weight perception and motion in horizontal and vertical …             The enzymes LSD1 and Set1A cooperate with the viral protein HBx to establish an active hepatitis B viral chromatin state ▶     Valentina Alarcon, Sergio Hernández, Lorena Rubio et al.     With about 350 million people chronically infected around the world hepatitis B is a major health problem. Template for progeny HBV synthesis is the viral genome, organized as a …             An investigation into blood microbiota and its potential association with Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (BCO) in Broilers ▶     Rabindra K. Mandal, Tieshan Jiang, Adnan A. Al-Rubaye et al.     Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is a common cause of lameness in commercial broiler chickens worldwide. BCO represents substantial production loss and welfare …             A homology-based pipeline for global prediction of post-translational modification sites ▶     Xiang Chen, Shao-Ping Shi, Hao-Dong Xu et al.     The pathways of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been shown to play particularly important roles for almost any biological process. Identification of PTM …             The N-end rule pathway regulates pathogen responses in plants ▶     Rémi de Marchi, Maud Sorel, Brian Mooney et al.     To efficiently counteract pathogens, plants rely on a complex set of immune responses that are tightly regulated to allow the timely activation, appropriate duration and adequate …             Increased neuronal death and disturbed axonal growth in the Polμ-deficient mouse embryonic retina ▶     Jimena Baleriola, Noemí Álvarez-Lindo, Pedro de la Villa et al.     Programmed cell death occurs naturally at different stages of neural development, including neurogenesis. The functional role of this early phase of neural cell death, which …             Ringhalexin from Hemachatus haemachatus: A novel inhibitor of extrinsic tenase complex ▶     Bhaskar Barnwal, Chacko Jobichen, Vallerinteavide Mavelli Girish et al.     Anticoagulant therapy is used for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Blood coagulation is initiated by the interaction of factor VIIa (FVIIa) with …             The recombined cccDNA produced using minicircle technology mimicked HBV genome in structure and function closely ▶     Xiaoyan Guo, Ping Chen, Xiaohu Hou et al.     HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is drug-resistant and responsible for viral persistence. To facilitate the development of anti-cccDNA drugs, we developed a minicircle …             X-Ray Structure and Inhibition of 3C-like Protease from Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ▶     Sarah E. St. John, Brandon J. Anson, Andrew D. Mesecar     Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that infects pigs and can have mortality rates approaching 100% in piglets, causing serious economic impact. The 3C-like …             Postnatal dysregulation of Notch signal disrupts dendrite development of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus and contributes to memory impairment ▶     Xue-Feng Ding, Xiang Gao, Xin-Chun Ding et al.     Deficits in the Notch pathway are involved in a number of neurologic diseases associated with mental retardation or/and dementia. The mechanisms by which Notch dysregulation are …             The transcriptome of mouse central nervous system myelin ▶     Sudhir Thakurela, Angela Garding, Ramona B. Jung et al.     Rapid nerve conduction in the CNS is facilitated by insulation of axons with myelin, a specialized oligodendroglial compartment distant from the cell body. Myelin is turned over …             Boosting BCG-primed responses with a subunit Apa vaccine during the waning phase improves immunity and imparts protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ▶     Subhadra Nandakumar, Sunil Kannanganat, Karen M. Dobos et al.     Heterologous prime–boosting has emerged as a powerful vaccination approach against tuberculosis. However, optimal timing to boost BCG-immunity using subunit vaccines remains …             CSF1R blockade slows the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by reducing microgliosis and invasion of macrophages into peripheral nerves ▶     Anna Martínez-Muriana, Renzo Mancuso, Isaac Francos-Quijorna et al.     Inflammation is a common neuropathological feature in several neurological disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have studied the contribution of CSF1R …             Prognostic value of DNA repair based stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma ▶     Zhuo Lin, Shi-Hao Xu, Hai-Qing Wang et al.     Aberrant activation of DNA repair is frequently associated with tumor progression and response to therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Bioinformatics analyses of HCC data …             CAP1 (Cyclase-Associated Protein 1) Exerts Distinct Functions in the Proliferation and Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells Mediated by ERK ▶     Haitao Zhang, Guo-Lei Zhou     The actin-regulating protein CAP1 is implicated in the invasiveness of human cancers. However, the exact role remains elusive and controversial given lines of conflicting …             Intracellular chromobody delivery by mesoporous silica nanoparticles for antigen targeting and visualization in real time ▶     Hsin-Yi Chiu, Wen Deng, Hanna Engelke et al.     Chromobodies have recently drawn great attention as bioimaging nanotools. They offer high antigen binding specificity and affinity comparable to conventional antibodies, but much …             Derivation of Porcine Embryonic Stem-Like Cells from In Vitro-Produced Blastocyst-Stage Embryos ▶     Dao-Rong Hou, Yong Jin, Xiao-Wei Nie et al.     Efficient isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cells from pre-implantation porcine embryos has remained a challenge. Here, we describe the derivation of porcine embryonic stem-like …             SARS coronavirus papain-like protease induces Egr-1-dependent up-regulation of TGF-β1 via ROS/p38 MAPK/STAT3 pathway ▶     Shih-Wein Li, Ching-Ying Wang, Yu-Jen Jou et al.     SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) papain-like protease (PLpro) has been identified in TGF-β1 up-regulation in human promonocytes (Proteomics 2012, 12: 3193-205). This study …             Disease-specific IgG Fc N-glycosylation as personalized biomarkers to differentiate gastric cancer from benign gastric diseases ▶     Dan Zhang, Bingchao Chen, Yanmin Wang et al.     Interest in the pathophysiological role of IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) N-linked glycosylation arose from changes in humoral immune responses. In this study, circulating …             Identification of P-Rex1 as an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic target for pulmonary fibrosis ▶     Qing Liang, Ni Cheng, Gufang Zhang et al.     Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) leads to progressive and often irreversible loss of lung functions, posing a health threat with no effective cure. We examined P-Rex1, a PI3K- and G …             IR-780 Dye as a Sonosensitizer for Sonodynamic Therapy of Breast Tumor ▶     Yekuo Li, Qunfang Zhou, Zhiting Deng et al.     Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has become a new modality for cancer therapy through activating certain chemical sensitizers by ultrasound (US). Discovery and development of novel …             Germination biology of Hibiscus tridactylites in Australia and the implications for weed management ▶     Bhagirath Singh Chauhan     Hibiscus tridactylites is a problematic broadleaf weed in many crops in Australia; however, very limited information is available on seed germination biology of Australian …             Targeted next-generation sequencing for the detection of ciprofloxacin resistance markers using molecular inversion probes ▶     Christopher P. Stefan, Jeffrey W. Koehler, Timothy D. Minogue     Antibiotic resistance (AR) is an epidemic of increasing magnitude requiring rapid identification and profiling for appropriate and timely therapeutic measures and containment …             Sodium channel slow inactivation interferes with open channel block ▶     Martin Hampl, Esther Eberhardt, Andrias O. O’Reilly et al.     Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 are linked to inherited pain syndromes such as erythromelalgia (IEM) and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD). PEPD …             Amyloid beta oligomers induce neuronal elasticity changes in age-dependent manner: a force spectroscopy study on living hippocampal neurons ▶     Andreea-Alexandra Ungureanu, Iryna Benilova, Olga Krylychkina et al.     Small soluble species of amyloid-beta (Aβ) formed during early peptide aggregation stages are responsible for several neurotoxic mechanisms relevant to the pathology of …             Changes in inflammatory cytokine networks in myasthenia gravis ▶     Akiyuki Uzawa, Tetsuya Kanai, Naoki Kawaguchi et al.     Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmunological inflammatory disorder of the neuromuscular junction. Inflammation could be a key player for understanding the pathogenesis of MG. …             External Volume Expansion Modulates Vascular Growth and Functional Maturation in a Swine Model ▶     Huang-Kai Kao, Hsiang-Hao Hsu, Wen-Yu Chuang et al.     Despite increasing application of the pre-grafting expansion during autologous fat transplantation in breast reconstruction, little is known about its mechanism of action. To …             The role and indications of aggressive locoregional therapy in metastatic inflammatory breast cancer ▶     Yi Yan, Lili Tang, Wei Tong et al.     We seek to confirm the effect and explore the indications of aggressive locoregional management in patients with metastatic inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Between 2003 and …             Network Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Postmenopausal, HR–Positive Breast Cancer ▶     Wei Wang, Chenghao Liu, Wenbin Zhou et al.     In clinical practice, it is necessary to define an optimal choice from many different therapeutic regimens. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant …             Mean serum-level of common organic pollutants is predictive of behavioral severity in children with autism spectrum disorders ▶     Andrew Boggess, Scott Faber, John Kern et al.     Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and their pathogenesis, are growing public health concerns. This study evaluated common organic pollutant serum-concentrations in children, as it …             Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Promotes the Migration of Corneal Epithelial Stem/progenitor Cells by Up-regulation of MMPs through the Phosphorylation of Akt ▶     Jialin Chen, Peng Chen, Ludvig J. Backman et al.     The migration of limbal epithelial stem cells is important for the homeostasis and regeneration of corneal epithelium. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has been found to …             Efficient production of cynomolgus monkeys with a toolbox of enhanced assisted reproductive technologies ▶     Yunhan Ma, Jiayu Li, Ge Wang et al.     The efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in nonhuman primates is low due to no screening criterions for selecting sperm, oocyte, and embryo as well as its …             The P2X4 receptor is required for neuroprotection via ischemic preconditioning ▶     Tomohiko Ozaki, Rieko Muramatsu, Miwa Sasai et al.     Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a procedure consisting of transient ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, provides ischemic tolerance against prolonged ischemia in the brain. …             Putative histidine kinase inhibitors with antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates identified by in vitro and in silico screens ▶     Nadya Velikova, Simone Fulle, Ana Sousa Manso et al.     Novel antibacterials are urgently needed to address the growing problem of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Two-component systems (TCS) are widely used by …             Branched Peptide, B2088, Disrupts the Supramolecular Organization of Lipopolysaccharides and Sensitizes the Gram-negative Bacteria ▶     Rajamani Lakshminarayanan, Wei Xiang Tan, Thet Tun Aung et al.     Dissecting the complexities of branched peptide-lipopolysaccharides (LPS) interactions provide rationale for the development of non-cytotoxic antibiotic adjuvants. Using various …             Childhood gene-environment interactions and age-dependent effects of genetic variants associated with refractive error and myopia: The CREAM Consortium ▶     Qiao Fan, Xiaobo Guo, J. Willem L. Tideman et al.     Myopia, currently at epidemic levels in East Asia, is a leading cause of untreatable visual impairment. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in adults have identified 39 loci …             Gene expression patterns of two dominant tallgrass prairie species differ in response to warming and altered precipitation ▶     Melinda D. Smith, Ava M. Hoffman, Meghan L. Avolio     To better understand the mechanisms underlying plant species responses to climate change, we compared transcriptional profiles of the co-dominant C4 grasses, Andropogon gerardii …             Dandruff is associated with the conjoined interactions between host and microorganisms ▶     Zhijue Xu, Zongxiu Wang, Chao Yuan et al.     Dandruff is an unpleasant scalp disorder common to human populations. In this study, we systematically investigated the intra- and inter-associations among dandruff, …             Differential expression profiles and pathways of genes in sugarcane leaf at elongation stage in response to drought stress ▶     Changning Li, Qian Nong, Manoj Kumar Solanki et al.     Water stress causes considerable yield losses in sugarcane. To investigate differentially expressed genes under water stress, a pot experiment was performed with the sugarcane …             Proteome-wide search for functional motifs altered in tumors: Prediction of nuclear export signals inactivated by cancer-related mutations ▶     Gorka Prieto, Asier Fullaondo, Jose A. Rodríguez     Large-scale sequencing projects are uncovering a growing number of missense mutations in human tumors. Understanding the phenotypic consequences of these alterations represents a …             Temporary-tattoo for long-term high fidelity biopotential recordings ▶     Lilach Bareket, Lilah Inzelberg, David Rand et al.     Electromyography is a non-invasive method widely used to map muscle activation. For decades, it was commonly accepted that dry metallic electrodes establish poor electrode-skin …             Caffeine intake antagonizes salt sensitive hypertension through improvement of renal sodium handling ▶     Hao Yu, Tao Yang, Peng Gao et al.     High salt intake is a major risk factor for hypertension. Although acute caffeine intake produces moderate diuresis and natriuresis, caffeine increases the blood pressure (BP) …             Mobilization of mercury from lean tissues during simulated migratory fasting in a model songbird ▶     Chad L. Seewagen, Daniel A. Cristol, Alexander R. Gerson     The pollutant methylmercury accumulates within lean tissues of birds and other animals. Migrating birds catabolize substantial amounts of lean tissue during flight which may …             IgA response and protection following nasal vaccination of chickens with Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine nanoencapsulated with Ag@SiO2 hollow nanoparticles ▶     Kai Zhao, Guangyu Rong, Yan Hao et al.     Newcastle disease caused by ND virus (NDV) is a highly contagious disease of birds. Vaccine for effective protection of poultry animals from NDV infection is urgently needed. …             Structural investigation into physiological DNA phosphorothioate modification ▶     Wenxian Lan, Zhongpei Hu, Jie Shen et al.     DNA phosphorothioate (PT) modification, with sulfur replacing a nonbridging phosphate oxygen in a sequence and stereo specific manner, is a novel physiological variation in …             Electricity and disinfectant production from wastewater: Microbial Fuel Cell as a self-powered electrolyser ▶     Iwona Gajda, John Greenman, Chris Melhuish et al.     This study presents a simple and sustainable Microbial Fuel Cell as a standalone, self-powered reactor for in situ wastewater electrolysis, recovering nitrogen from wastewater. A …             Tracking bacterial virulence: global modulators as indicators ▶     Alejandro Prieto, Imanol Urcola, Jorge Blanco et al.     The genomes of Gram-negative bacteria encode paralogues and/or orthologues of global modulators. The nucleoid-associated H-NS and Hha proteins are an example: several …             Impact of maternal cigarette smoke exposure on brain inflammation and oxidative stress in male mice offspring ▶     Yik Lung Chan, Sonia Saad, Carol Pollock et al.     Maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) during gestation can cause lifelong adverse effects in the offspring’s brain. Several factors may contribute including inflammation, …             Hepatocellular carcinoma: thyroid hormone promotes tumorigenicity through inducing cancer stem-like cell self-renewal ▶     Tao Wang, Lei Xia, Sicong Ma et al.     Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play a key role in maintaining the aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the cell-biological regulation of CSCs is unclear. In the …             A Concerted Action Of Estradiol And Insulin Like Growth Factor I Underlies Sex Differences In Mood Regulation By Exercise ▶     Victor Munive, Andrea Santi, Ignacio Torres-Aleman     Mood homeostasis present sexually dimorphic traits which may explain sex differences in the incidence of mood disorders. We explored whether diverse behavioral-setting components …             Calorie restriction regulates circadian clock gene expression through BMAL1 dependent and independent mechanisms ▶     Sonal A. Patel, Nikkhil Velingkaar, Kuldeep Makwana et al.     Feeding behavior, metabolism and circadian clocks are interlinked. Calorie restriction (CR) is a feeding paradigm known to extend longevity. We found that CR significantly …             Analysis of the genetic association between IL27 variants and coronary artery disease in a Chinese Han population ▶     Qian Fan, Shaofang Nie, Sihui Li et al.     Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is an important cytokine in inflammatory diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD). To explore the precise role of IL-27 in CAD, we investigated …             Impaired immunological synapse in sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) deficient mice ▶     Lauren Folgosa Cooley, Mohey Eldin El Shikh, Wei Li et al.     Sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6), a component of the central apparatus of the “9 + 2” axoneme, plays a central role in ciliary and flagellar motility; but, its contribution to …             In vitro and in vivo efficacy, toxicity, bio-distribution and resistance selection of a novel antibacterial drug candidate ▶     Jlenia Brunetti, Chiara Falciani, Giulia Roscia et al.     A synthetic antimicrobial peptide was identified as a possible candidate for the development of a new antibacterial drug. The peptide, SET-M33L, showed a MIC90 below 1.5 μM and …             Dissecting Driver Behaviors Under Cognitive, Emotional, Sensorimotor, and Mixed Stressors ▶     I. Pavlidis, M. Dcosta, S. Taamneh et al.     In a simulation experiment we studied the effects of cognitive, emotional, sensorimotor, and mixed stressors on driver arousal and performance with respect to (wrt) baseline. In …             Rho-kinase/myosin light chain kinase pathway plays a key role in the impairment of bile canaliculi dynamics induced by cholestatic drugs ▶     Ahmad Sharanek, Audrey Burban, Matthew Burbank et al.     Intrahepatic cholestasis represents a frequent manifestation of drug-induced liver injury; however, the mechanisms underlying such injuries are poorly understood. In this study …             A Modular Vaccine Development Platform Based on Sortase-Mediated Site-Specific Tagging of Antigens onto Virus-Like Particles ▶     Shubing Tang, Baoqin Xuan, Xiaohua Ye et al.     Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be used as powerful nanoscale weapons to fight against virus infection. In addition to direct use as vaccines, VLPs have been extensively …             A new method to manipulate broiler chicken growth and metabolism: Response to mixed LED light system ▶     Yefeng Yang, Yonghua Yu, Jinming Pan et al.     Present study introduced a new method to manipulate broiler chicken growth and metabolism by mixing the growth-advantage LED. We found that the green/blue LED mixed light system …             Calcium influx through TRP channels induced by short-lived reactive species in plasma-irradiated solution ▶     Shota Sasaki, Makoto Kanzaki, Toshiro Kaneko     Non-equilibrium helium atmospheric-pressure plasma (He-APP), which allows for a strong non-equilibrium chemical reaction of O2 and N2 in ambient air, uniquely produces multiple …             Enhancement of tendon-to-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells genetically modified with bFGF/BMP2 ▶     Biao Chen, Bin Li, Yong-Jian Qi et al.     Many strategies, including various growth factors and gene transfer, have been used to augment healing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The biological …             Dual activities of the anti-cancer drug candidate PBI-05204 provide neuroprotection in brain slice models for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke ▶     Michael J. Van Kanegan, Denise E. Dunn, Linda S. Kaltenbach et al.     We previously reported neuroprotective activity of the botanical anti-cancer drug candidate PBI-05204, a supercritical CO2 extract of Nerium oleander, in brain slice and in vivo …             Intensity Weighted Subtraction Microscopy Approach for Image Contrast and Resolution Enhancement ▶     Kseniya Korobchevskaya, Chiara Peres, Zhibin Li et al.     We propose and demonstrate a novel subtraction microscopy algorithm, exploiting fluorescence emission difference or switching laser mode and their derivatives for image …             Soil pH, total phosphorus, climate and distance are the major factors influencing microbial activity at a regional spatial scale ▶     Haichuan Cao, Ruirui Chen, Libing Wang et al.     Considering the extensive functional redundancy in microbial communities and great difficulty in elucidating it based on taxonomic structure, studies on the biogeography of soil …             Bacterial and archaeal communities in the deep-sea sediments of inactive hydrothermal vents in the Southwest India Ridge ▶     Likui Zhang, Manyu Kang, Jiajun Xu et al.     Active deep-sea hydrothermal vents harbor abundant thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms. However, microbial communities in inactive hydrothermal vents have not been …             Homozygous mutation of VPS16 gene is responsible for an autosomal recessive adolescent-onset primary dystonia ▶     Xiaodong Cai, Xin Chen, Song Wu et al.     Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder that is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Herein, we report the identification a novel homozygous missense mutation, c.156 C >…             Pilot study of adrenal steroid hormones in hair as an indicator of chronic mental and physical stress ▶     E. Ullmann, A Barthel, K. Petrowski et al.     Currently, the quantitative analysis of moderators affecting the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis in health and sickness is still unreliable. This is, in …             Discovery of novel peptides targeting pro-atherogenic endothelium in disturbed flow regions -Targeted siRNA delivery to pro-atherogenic endothelium in vivo ▶     Jihwa Chung, Hyunbo Shim, Kwanchang Kim et al.     Atherosclerosis occurs preferentially in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow. Targeting these pro-atherogenic regions is a potential anti-atherogenic therapeutic …             Orientation tuning of binocular summation: a comparison of colour to achromatic contrast ▶     Mina Gheiratmand, Avital S. Cherniawsky, Kathy T. Mullen     A key function of the primary visual cortex is to combine the input from the two eyes into a unified binocular percept. At low, near threshold, contrasts a process of summation …             Bacterial fermentation platform for producing artificial aromatic amines ▶     Shunsuke Masuo, Shengmin Zhou, Tatsuo Kaneko et al.     Aromatic amines containing an aminobenzene or an aniline moiety comprise versatile natural and artificial compounds including bioactive molecules and resources for advanced …             Corrigendum: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection mitigates the heat stress response of plants grown at high temperatures ▶     Ghandi Anfoka, Adi Moshe, Lilia Fridman et al.                 Association of polymorphisms at the microRNA binding site of the caprine KITLG 3′-UTR with litter size ▶     Xiaopeng An, Yuxuan Song, Shuhai Bu et al.     This study identified three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (c.1389C > T, c.1457A > C and c.1520G > A) in the caprine KITLG 3′-UTR through DNA sequencing. The three …             Paired arrangement of kinetochores together with microtubule pivoting and dynamics drive kinetochore capture in meiosis I ▶     Gheorghe Cojoc, Ana-Maria Florescu, Alexander Krull et al.     Kinetochores are protein complexes on the chromosomes, whose function as linkers between spindle microtubules and chromosomes is crucial for proper cell division. The mechanisms …             Levetiracetam mitigates doxorubicin-induced DNA and synaptic damage in neurons ▶     Jose Felix Moruno Manchon, Yuri Dabaghian, Ndidi-Ese Uzor et al.     Neurotoxicity may occur in cancer patients and survivors during or after chemotherapy. Cognitive deficits associated with neurotoxicity can be subtle or disabling and frequently …             Oocytes express an endogenous red fluorescent protein in a stony coral, Euphyllia ancora: a potential involvement in coral oogenesis ▶     Shinya Shikina, Yi-Ling Chiu, Yi-Jou Chung et al.     To date,the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying coral sexual reproduction remain largely unknown. We then performed a differential screen to identify genes related to …             The intracellular trafficking mechanism of Lipofectamine-based transfection reagents and its implication for gene delivery ▶     Francesco Cardarelli, Luca Digiacomo, Cristina Marchini et al.     Lipofectamine reagents are widely accepted as “gold-standard” for the safe delivery of exogenous DNA or RNA into cells. Despite this, a satisfactory mechanism-based explanation …             Extracellular acidification stimulates GPR68 mediated IL-8 production in human pancreatic β cells ▶     Vikash Chandra, Angeliki Karamitri, Paul Richards et al.     Acute or chronic metabolic complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis are often associated with extracellular acidification and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, the …             FE65 and FE65L1 share common synaptic functions and genetically interact with the APP family in neuromuscular junction formation ▶     Paul Strecker, Susann Ludewig, Marco Rust et al.     The FE65 adaptor proteins (FE65, FE65L1 and FE65L2) bind proteins that function in diverse cellular pathways and are essential for specific biological processes. Mice lacking …             Antiviral factors and type I/III interferon expression associated with regulatory factors in the oral epithelial cells from HIV-1-serodiscordant couples ▶     Cesar A. C. Cervantes, Luanda M. S. Oliveira, Kelly C. G. Manfrere et al.     Individuals who remain HIV-seronegative despite repeated unprotected exposure to the virus are defined as exposed seronegative (ESN) individuals. Innate and adaptive immunity, as …             Comprehensive evaluation of candidate reference genes for qRT-PCR studies of gene expression in mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) ▶     Murali Krishna Koramutla, Raghavendra Aminedi, Ramcharan Bhattacharya     Mustard aphid, also known as turnip aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) is a major insect pest of rapeseed-mustard group of crops. Tremendous economic significance has led to substantial …             Aquaporin-3 potentiates allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced murine asthma ▶     Kohei Ikezoe, Toru Oga, Tetsuya Honda et al.     Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a small transmembrane water/glycerol channel that may facilitate the membrane uptake of …             miARma-Seq: a comprehensive tool for miRNA, mRNA and circRNA analysis ▶     Eduardo Andrés-León, Rocío Núñez-Torres, Ana M. Rojas     Large-scale RNAseq has substantially changed the transcriptomics field, as it enables an unprecedented amount of high resolution data to be acquired. However, the analysis of …             Acute blockade of IL-25 in a colitis associated colon cancer model leads to increased tumor burden ▶     Tennille D. Thelen, Ryan M. Green, Steven F. Ziegler     Chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract results in an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer. Epithelial cytokines, including interleukin-25 (IL-25), are …             Opposite transcriptional regulation of integrated vs unintegrated HIV genomes by the NF-κB pathway ▶     Sylvain Thierry, Eloïse Thierry, Frédéric Subra et al.     Integration of HIV-1 linear DNA into host chromatin is required for high levels of viral expression, and constitutes a key therapeutic target. Unintegrated viral DNA (uDNA) can …             Integrative analysis of extracellular and intracellular bladder cancer cell line proteome with transcriptome: improving coverage and validity of –omics findings ▶     Agnieszka Latosinska, Manousos Makridakis, Maria Frantzi et al.     Characterization of disease-associated proteins improves our understanding of disease pathophysiology. Obtaining a comprehensive coverage of the proteome is challenging, mainly …             The role of protein kinase C alpha translocation in radiation-induced bystander effect ▶     Zihui Fang, An Xu, Lijun Wu et al.     Ionizing radiation is a well known human carcinogen. Evidence accumulated over the past decade suggested that extranuclear/extracellular targets and events may also play a …             Plant microRNAs as novel immunomodulatory agents ▶     Duccio Cavalieri, Lisa Rizzetto, Noemi Tocci et al.     An increasing body of literature is addressing the immuno-modulating functions of miRNAs which include paracrine signaling via exosome-mediated intercellular miRNA. In view of …             LRRK1 is critical in the regulation of B-cell responses and CARMA1-dependent NF-κB activation ▶     Keiko Morimoto, Yoshihiro Baba, Hisaaki Shinohara et al.     B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a critical role in B-cell activation and humoral immunity. In this study, we discovered a critical function of leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 …             The cis-acting replication element of the Hepatitis C virus genome recruits host factors that influence viral replication and translation ▶     Pablo Ríos-Marco, Cristina Romero-López, Alfredo Berzal-Herranz     The cis-acting replication element (CRE) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome is a region of conserved sequence and structure at the 3′ end of the open reading frame. It …             Increased olfactory bulb acetylcholine bi-directionally modulates glomerular odor sensitivity ▶     Mounir Bendahmane, M. Cameron Ogg, Matthew Ennis et al.     The glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb (OB) receives heavy cholinergic input from the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) and expresses both muscarinic and …             Minicollagen cysteine-rich domains encode distinct modes of polymerization to form stable nematocyst capsules ▶     Anja Tursch, Davide Mercadante, Jutta Tennigkeit et al.     The stinging capsules of cnidarians, nematocysts, function as harpoon-like organelles with unusual biomechanical properties. The nanosecond discharge of the nematocyst requires a …             Gut microbiota composition and Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized elderly individuals: a metagenomic study ▶     Christian Milani, Andrea Ticinesi, Jacoline Gerritsen et al.     The gut microbiota composition of elderly hospitalized patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) exposed to previous antibiotic treatment is still poorly investigated. …             Association between systemic oxidative stress and visual field damage in open-angle glaucoma ▶     Masaki Tanito, Sachiko Kaidzu, Yasuyuki Takai et al.     Local and systemic oxidative stress in intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and optic nerve damage may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. We reported previously that a …             Naturally occurring hybrids derived from γ-amino acids and sugars with potential tail to tail ether-bonds ▶     Zi-ming Feng, Zhi-lai Zhan, Ya-nan Yang et al.     The basic substances of life include various amino acids and sugars. To search such molecules is the precondition to understand the essential nature. Here we reported four …             Word pair classification during imagined speech using direct brain recordings ▶     Stephanie Martin, Peter Brunner, Iñaki Iturrate et al.     People that cannot communicate due to neurological disorders would benefit from an internal speech decoder. Here, we showed the ability to classify individual words during …             Sex differences in the serum level of endogenous ligands for estrogen receptor β in the elderly population ▶     Miyuki Kobayashi, Nobuhiro Sugiyama, Daimei Sasayama et al.     Animal studies suggest that estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-agonists, but not ERα-agonists, are antidepressants. Several endogenous ligands for ERβ have been proposed, including …             Cloud-based Electronic Health Records for Real-time, Region-specific Influenza Surveillance ▶     M. Santillana, A. T. Nguyen, T. Louie et al.     Accurate real-time monitoring systems of influenza outbreaks help public health officials make informed decisions that may help save lives. We show that information extracted …             Specific immunotherapy plus Clostridium butyricum alleviates ulcerative colitis in patients with food allergy ▶     Bin Lan, Fan Yang, Dong Lu et al.     The aberrant T cell activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). C. butyricum (Cb) is a probiotic and has …             The preprotein translocase YidC controls respiratory metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ▶     Preeti Thakur, Nagavara Prasad Gantasala, Eira Choudhary et al.     The YidC–Oxa1–Alb3 preprotein translocases play a vital role in membrane insertion of proteins in eukaryotes and bacteria. In a recent study we observed that Rv3921c, which …             An activation-induced IL-15 isoform is a natural antagonist for IL-15 function ▶     Lei Zhao, Bo Hu, Yinsheng Zhang et al.     Interleukin 15 (IL-15) expression induces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, inhibits the apoptosis of activated T cells and prolongs the survival of CD8+ memory T cells. …             The EBI2 signalling pathway plays a role in cellular crosstalk between astrocytes and macrophages ▶     Aleksandra Rutkowska, Sinead A. O’Sullivan, Isabelle Christen et al.     EBI2 is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by oxysterol 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α25HC) and regulates T cell-dependant antibody response and B cell migration. We …             Origin of the Shape of Current-Voltage Curve through Nanopores: A Molecular Dynamics Study ▶     Takashi Sumikama     Ion transports through ion channels, biological nanopores, are essential for life: Living cells generate electrical signals by utilizing ion permeation through channels. The …             Effects of Metal Nanoparticles on Methane Production from Waste-Activated Sludge and Microorganism Community Shift in Anaerobic Granular Sludge ▶     Tao Wang, Dong Zhang, Lingling Dai et al.     Extensive use of nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer and industrial products has led to concerns about their potential environmental impacts; however, the influences of different NPs …             Wing-kinematics measurement and aerodynamics in a small insect in hovering flight ▶     Xin Cheng, Mao Sun     Wing-motion of hovering small fly Liriomyza sativae was measured using high-speed video and flows of the wings calculated numerically. The fly used high wingbeat frequency …             Erratum: A pyrosequencing insight into sprawling bacterial diversity and community dynamics in decaying deadwood logs of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies ▶     Björn Hoppe, Dirk Krüger, Tiemo Kahl et al.                 Characterization of a Citrus R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor that Regulates the Flavonol and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Biosynthesis ▶     Chaoyang Liu, Jianmei Long, Kaijie Zhu et al.     Flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids are important phenylpropanoid metabolites in plants. In this study, we isolated and characterized a citrus R2R3-MYB transcription factor …             Taste substance binding elicits conformational change of taste receptor T1r heterodimer extracellular domains ▶     Eriko Nango, Shuji Akiyama, Saori Maki-Yonekura et al.     Sweet and umami tastes are perceived by T1r taste receptors in oral cavity. T1rs are class C G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and the extracellular ligand binding domains …             Dissecting the expression relationships between RNA-binding proteins and their cognate targets in eukaryotic post-transcriptional regulatory networks ▶     Sneha Nishtala, Yaseswini Neelamraju, Sarath Chandra Janga     RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are pivotal in orchestrating several steps in the metabolism of RNA in eukaryotes thereby controlling an extensive network of RBP-RNA interactions. …             The novel protein DELAYED PALE-GREENING1 is required for early chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana ▶     Dong Liu, Weichun Li, Jianfeng Cheng     Chloroplast biogenesis is one of the most important subjects in plant biology. In this study, an Arabidopsis early chloroplast biogenesis mutant with a delayed pale-greening …             Impacts of biogeographic history and marginal population genetics on species range limits: a case study of Liriodendron chinense ▶     Aihong Yang, Christopher W. Dick, Xiaohong Yao et al.     Species ranges are influenced by past climate oscillations, geographical constraints, and adaptive potential to colonize novel habitats at range limits. This study used …             A self-photoprotection mechanism helps Stipa baicalensis adapt to future climate change ▶     Xiliang Song, Guangsheng Zhou, Zhenzhu Xu et al.     We examined the photosynthetic responses of Stipa baicalensis to relative long-term exposure (42 days) to the predicted elevated temperature and water availability changes to …             Development of a quantitative fluorescence-based ligand-binding assay ▶     Conor J. Breen, Mathilde Raverdeau, H. Paul Voorheis     A major goal of biology is to develop a quantitative ligand-binding assay that does not involve the use of radioactivity. Existing fluorescence-based assays have a serious …             Novel European free-living, non-diazotrophic Bradyrhizobium isolates from contrasting soils that lack nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes – a genome comparison ▶     Frances Patricia Jones, Ian M. Clark, Robert King et al.     The slow-growing genus Bradyrhizobium is biologically important in soils, with different representatives found to perform a range of biochemical functions including …             Long noncoding RNA lnc-RI is a new regulator of mitosis via targeting miRNA-210-3p to release PLK1 mRNA activity ▶     Zhi-Dong Wang, Li-Ping Shen, Cheng Chang et al.     Increasing evidence indicates that lncRNAs play critical roles in various biological processes, but many have not been functionally characterized. Here, we report a novel …             Distribution of Systemically Administered Nanoparticles Reveals a Size-Dependent Effect Immediately following Cardiac Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury ▶     David J. Lundy, Kun-Hung Chen, Elsie K.-W. Toh et al.     Nanoparticles represent an attractive option for systemic delivery of therapeutic compounds to the heart following myocardial infarction. However, it is well known that …             Redox potential driven aeration during very-high-gravity ethanol fermentation by using flocculating yeast ▶     Chen-Guang Liu, Xue-Mi Hao, Yen-Han Lin et al.     Ethanol fermentation requires oxygen to maintain high biomass and cell viability, especially under very-high-gravity (VHG) condition. In this work, fermentation redox potential …             TonEBP suppresses IL-10-mediated immunomodulation ▶     Soo Youn Choi, Hwan Hee Lee, Jun Ho Lee et al.     TonEBP is a key transcriptional activator of M1 phenotype in macrophage, and its high expression is associated with many inflammatory diseases. During the progression of the …             Hot spots of DNA double-strand breaks in human rDNA units are produced in vivo ▶     Nickolai A. Tchurikov, Dmitry V. Yudkin, Maria A. Gorbacheva et al.     Endogenous hot spots of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are tightly linked with transcription patterns and cancer genomics1,2. There are nine hot spots of DSBs located in human …             Event- and time-dependent decline of outcome information in the primate prefrontal cortex ▶     Encarni Marcos, Satoshi Tsujimoto, Aldo Genovesio     The prefrontal cortex (PF) is involved in outcome-based flexible adaptation in a dynamically changing environment. The outcome signal dissipates gradually over time, but the …             Deciphering a unique biotin scavenging pathway with redundant genes in the probiotic bacterium Lactococcus lactis ▶     Huimin Zhang, Qingjing Wang, Derek J. Fisher et al.     Biotin protein ligase (BPL) is widespread in the three domains of the life. The paradigm BPL is the Escherichia coli BirA protein, which also functions as a repressor for the …             Metabolic engineering of a synergistic pathway for n-butanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ▶     Shuobo Shi, Tong Si, Zihe Liu et al.     n-Butanol has several favourable properties as an advanced fuel or a platform chemical. Bio-based production of n-butanol is becoming increasingly important for sustainable …             Social stress increases the susceptibility to infection in the ant Harpegnathos saltator ▶     Sebastian A. Schneider, Charlotte Scharffetter, Anika E. Wagner et al.     Aggressive interactions between members of a social group represent an important source of social stress with all its negative follow-ups. We used the ponerine ant Harpegnathos …             Habitat heterogeneity and connectivity shape microbial communities in South American peatlands ▶     Felix Oloo, Angel Valverde, María Victoria Quiroga et al.     Bacteria play critical roles in peatland ecosystems. However, very little is known of how habitat heterogeneity affects the structure of the bacterial communities in these …             Training of binocular rivalry suppression suggests stimulus-specific plasticity in monocular and binocular visual areas ▶     Mark Vergeer, Johan Wagemans, Raymond van Ee     The plasticity of the human brain, as shown in perceptual learning, is generally reflected by improved task performance after training. Here, we show that perceptual suppression …             Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid diagnosis of Ascochyta rabiei L. in chickpeas ▶     Xiaolu Chen, Lijuan Ma, Song Qiang et al.     Ascochyta blight (AB) is a devastating fungal disease of chickpeas that has spread to nearly all of the chickpea cultivating regions of the world. The rapid diagnosis of …             Analysis of crystal structure of Arabidopsis MPK6 and generation of its mutants with higher activity ▶     Bo Wang, Xinghua Qin, Juan Wu et al.     Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which are the highly conserved signalling modules in eukaryotic organisms, have been shown to play important roles in regulating …             Blast shockwaves propagate Ca2+ activity via purinergic astrocyte networks in human central nervous system cells ▶     Rea Ravin, Paul S. Blank, Brad Busse et al.     In a recent study of the pathophysiology of mild, blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) the exposure of dissociated, central nervous system (CNS) cells to simulated blast …             Noise exposure modulates cochlear inner hair cell ribbon volumes, correlating with changes in auditory measures in the FVB/nJ mouse ▶     Stephen T. Paquette, Felicia Gilels, Patricia M. White     Cochlear neuropathy resulting from unsafe noise exposure is a life altering condition that affects many people. This hearing dysfunction follows a conserved mechanism where inner …             Soil metaproteomics reveals an inter-kingdom stress response to the presence of black truffles ▶     Elisa Zampieri, Marco Chiapello, Stefania Daghino et al.     For some truffle species of the Tuber genus, the symbiotic phase is often associated with the presence of an area of scant vegetation, commonly known as the brûlé, around the …             Osthole inhibits histamine-dependent itch via modulating TRPV1 activity ▶     Niu-Niu Yang, Hao Shi, Guang Yu et al.     Osthole, an active coumarin isolated from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, has long been used in China as an antipruritic herbal medicine; however, the antipruitic mechanism of …             First nimravid skull from Asia ▶     Alexander Averianov, Ekaterina Obraztsova, Igor Danilov et al.     Maofelis cantonensis gen. and sp. nov. is described based on a complete cranium from the middle-upper Eocene Youganwo Formation of Maoming Basin, Guangdong Province, China. The …             Structural and biochemical characterisation of Archaeoglobus fulgidus esterase reveals a bound CoA molecule in the vicinity of the active site ▶     Christopher Sayer, William Finnigan, Michail N. Isupov et al.     A new carboxyl esterase, AF-Est2, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus has been cloned, over-expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically and …             Muc5ac gastric mucin glycosylation is shaped by FUT2 activity and functionally impacts Helicobacter pylori binding ▶     Ana Magalhães, Yannick Rossez, Catherine Robbe-Masselot et al.     The gastrointestinal tract is lined by a thick and complex layer of mucus that protects the mucosal epithelium from biochemical and mechanical aggressions. This mucus barrier …             A Stochastic Point Cloud Sampling Method for Multi-Template Protein Comparative Modeling ▶     Jilong Li, Jianlin Cheng     Generating tertiary structural models for a target protein from the known structure of its homologous template proteins and their pairwise sequence alignment is a key step in …             Aberrant expression of the S1P regulating enzymes, SPHK1 and SGPL1, contributes to a migratory phenotype in OSCC mediated through S1PR2 ▶     Sathya Narayanan Patmanathan, Steven P. Johnson, Sook Ling Lai et al.     Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a lethal disease with a 5-year mortality rate of around 50%. Molecular targeted therapies are not in routine use and novel therapeutic …             BRAID: A Unifying Paradigm for the Analysis of Combined Drug Action ▶     Nathaniel R. Twarog, Elizabeth Stewart, Courtney Vowell Hammill et al.     With combination therapies becoming increasingly vital to understanding and combatting disease, a reliable method for analyzing combined dose response is essential. The …             A Retroviral CRISPR-Cas9 System for Cellular Autism-Associated Phenotype Discovery in Developing Neurons ▶     Michael R. Williams, Catherine J. Fricano-Kugler, Stephanie A. Getz et al.     Retroviruses expressing a fluorescent protein, Cas9, and a small guide RNA are used to mimic nonsense PTEN mutations from autism patients in developing mouse neurons. We compare …             Synthesis of a highly water-soluble acacetin prodrug for treating experimental atrial fibrillation in beagle dogs ▶     Hui Liu, Ya-Jing Wang, Lei Yang et al.     We previously reported that duodenal administration of the natural flavone acacetin can effectively prevent the induction of experimental atrial fibrillation (AF) in canines; …             Fatal influenza A (H5N1) virus Infection in zoo-housed Tigers in Yunnan Province, China ▶     Tingsong Hu, Huanyun Zhao, Yan Zhang et al.     From 2014 to 2015, three cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza infection occurred in zoo-housed north-east China tigers (Panthera tigris ssp.altaica) and four tigers died of …             White matter microstructure alterations in primary dysmenorrhea assessed by diffusion tensor imaging ▶     Peng Liu, Geliang Wang, Yanfei Liu et al.     Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), a significant public health problem for adolescents and young women, is characterized by painful menstrual cramps. Recent neuroimaging studies have …             Evaluation of prostate cancer antigen 3 for detecting prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis ▶     Yong Cui, Wenzhou Cao, Quan Li et al.     Previous studies indicate that prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is highly expressed in prostatic tumors. However, its clinical value has not been characterized. The aim of this …             Removing entorhinal cortex input to the dentate gyrus does not impede low frequency oscillations, an EEG-biomarker of hippocampal epileptogenesis ▶     Martin Meyer, Friederike Kienzler-Norwood, Sebastian Bauer et al.     Following prolonged perforant pathway stimulation (PPS) in rats, a seizure-free “latent period” is observed that lasts around 3 weeks. During this time, aberrant neuronal …             UV-induced inhibition of adipokine production in subcutaneous fat aggravates dermal matrix degradation in human skin ▶     Eun Ju Kim, Yeon Kyung Kim, Min-Kyoung Kim et al.     Ultraviolet (UV) exposure to the human skin reduces triglycerides contents and lipid synthesis in the subcutaneous (SC) fat. Because adiponectin and leptin are the most abundant …             Efficient Photocatalytic Disinfection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using C70-TiO2 Hybrid under Visible Light Irradiation ▶     Kai Ouyang, Ke Dai, Sharon L. Walker et al.     Efficient photocatalytic disinfection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was achieved by using a C70 modified TiO2 (C70-TiO2) hybrid as a photocatalyst under visible light (λ > 420 nm) …             Recurrent hormone-binding domain truncated ESR1 amplifications in primary endometrial cancers suggest their implication in hormone independent growth ▶     Frederik Holst, Erling A. Hoivik, William J. Gibson et al.     The estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is highly expressed in both endometrial and breast cancers, and represents the most prevalent therapeutic target in breast cancer. However, …             Cinema audiences reproducibly vary the chemical composition of air during films, by broadcasting scene specific emissions on breath ▶     Jonathan Williams, Christof Stönner, Jörg Wicker et al.     Human beings continuously emit chemicals into the air by breath and through the skin. In order to determine whether these emissions vary predictably in response to audiovisual …             Genetic Relationship between Schizophrenia and Nicotine Dependence ▶     Jingchun Chen, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, Hui Yu et al.     It is well known that most schizophrenia patients smoke cigarettes. There are different hypotheses postulating the underlying mechanisms of this comorbidity. We used summary …             Proteome-wide alterations on adipose tissue from obese patients as age-, diabetes- and gender-specific hallmarks ▶     María Gómez-Serrano, Emilio Camafeita, Eva García-Santos et al.     Obesity is a main global health issue and an outstanding cause of morbidity and mortality predisposing to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. Huge research …             Comparing reactive and memory-one strategies of direct reciprocity ▶     Seung Ki Baek, Hyeong-Chai Jeong, Christian Hilbe et al.     Direct reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation based on repeated interactions. When individuals meet repeatedly, they can use conditional strategies to …             Involvement of microbial mats in early fossilization by decay delay and formation of impressions and replicas of vertebrates and invertebrates ▶     Miguel Iniesto, Ángela D. Buscalioni, M. Carmen Guerrero et al.     Microbial mats have been hypothesized to improve the persistence and the preservation of organic remains during fossilization processes. We test this hypothesis with long-term …             Treponema pallidum Lipoprotein TP0435 Expressed in Borrelia burgdorferi Produces Multiple Surface/Periplasmic Isoforms and mediates Adherence ▶     Kamfai Chan, Thayer Nasereddin, Laura Alter et al.     The ability of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete to colonize various tissues requires the presence of surface-exposed adhesins that have been difficult to identify due …                       Nature Publishing Group offers a free open access funding support service to enable authors to discover and apply for article processing charge funding available to them.   Visit our website for further advice on the funding options available, and guidance in approaching funders and institutions, or email openaccess@nature.com for more information.                • Careers & Jobs           naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Postdoctoral Training Fellow (x2)     Institute of Cancer Research (ICR)            Postdoctoral Associate     Medical University of South Carolina            Research Group Leader     University of Cambridge - Sainsbury Laboratory            PhD position     Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics             Postdoctoral Research Associate     Texas A&M University            Student Positions     University Hospital Institute (IHU)            Postdoctoral Scientist     UCSF            Bioinformatics Postdoctoral Associate     Baylor College of Medicine (BCM)            Postdoctoral Associate     University of Minnesota            Postdoctoral Research Assistant     University of Dundee          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. 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