Nature Immunology Contents: June 2016 Volume 17 pp 605 - 740

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Advertisement Advancing the Microbiome Research Symposium  Click here to view videos from the symposium held on April 26th: Tumor growth kinetics in genetically similar but microbiome dissimilar models Role of intestinal microbiota in the preservation of psychological and cognitive resilience Exploiting the immune response to illuminate host-microbiota interactions Considerations in monitoring colony microbiome  Watch the presentations now TABLE OF CONTENTS June 2016 Volume 17, Issue 6 Comment News and Views Research Highlights Review Articles Resource Corrigenda Advertisement Are you sure your cells are really alive? Find your zombie cells using Apoptag® apoptosis detection assays. If your assay only detects the late stage of apoptosis, you may be a victim of the zombie cell apocalypse. Apoptosis occurs in a variety of stages. Over 10,000 publications have used Apoptag® assays to detect cell death events with better sensitivity and reproducibility than exclusion dyes like. Zombie Apocalypse Survival Tool Kit Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement 2016 Ross Prize in Molecular Medicine: Resolution of Inflammation June 13, 2016. Presented by The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Molecular Medicine, and The New York Academy of Sciences, this symposium will honor Dr. Charles N. Serhan for his important discoveries in the resolution of inflammatory diseases. $5 to attend. Seats sell out fast. Register here today.    Advertisement Nature Reviews Neuroscience & Nature Reviews Immunology: Poster on The immunology and neurobiology of multiple sclerosis This poster provides an overview of the pathophysiological contributions of both the immune system and the nervous system to multiple sclerosis and how these contributions change with disease progression.  Available to download free online   Advertisement npj Vaccines is an online-only, open access, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing cutting-edge research and development on human and veterinary vaccines. npj Vaccines is now open for submissions – explore the benefits of submitting your next manuscript to the journal.   Comment Top Biomedical ethics education may benefit from integrating compliance and analysis approaches   pp605 - 608 Michael D Mumford, Logan L Watts, Kelsey E Medeiros, Tyler J Mulhearn, Logan M Steele et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3465 Two approaches have been widely applied in ethics education in the biomedical sciences: field-specific compliance and professional decision processes. Both approaches offer unique benefits to trainees, but future courses that integrate these two approaches might prove particularly valuable. News and Views Top Eosinophils and mast cells: a lineage apart   pp609 - 611 Sandrine Sarrazin and Michael H Sieweke doi:10.1038/ni.3446 Single-cell transcriptome analysis has identified progenitor populations with mast-cell and eosinophil potential that are distinct from the neutrophil-monocyte lineage, segregate early in hematopoietic development and can be discriminated by expression of the transcription factor GATA-1. See also: Article by Drissen et al. ILC2s masquerade as ILC1s to drive chronic disease   pp611 - 612 Gabrielle T Belz doi:10.1038/ni.3467 Tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) perform diverse roles in regulating mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. The transdifferentiation of ILC2s into interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing ILC1-like cells generates a highly inflammatory immune cell. See also: Article by Silver et al. | Article by Bal et al. | Article by Ohne et al. Protein glycosylation energizes T cells   pp613 - 614 Won Ho Yang and Jamey D Marth doi:10.1038/ni.3468 Nutrient transport is regulated by signaling pathways that together indicate metabolic checkpoints in T cell self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation. See also: Article by Swamy et al. Tcf1 and Lef1 pack their own HDAC   pp615 - 616 Charles P Ng and Dan R Littman doi:10.1038/ni.3469 The transcription factors Tcf1 and Lef1 have intrinsic histone-deacetylase activity that is required for the repression of CD4+ T cell-lineage genes in CD8+ T cells. See also: Article by Xing et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Position in Tumor Immunology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) PostDoc Position Immunology Saarland University, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology Postdoctoral Fellow in Immunology New York University (NYU) Medical Center Post-doctoral fellowship in Biochemistry and Immunology University of Sao Paulo/ FAPESP Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases Academic research group leader in Immunology at CIML CIML More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT International Conference on Human & Translational Immunology 16th Sept - 21st Sept 2016 Rhodes, Greece More science events from Research Highlights Top NLRX1 negatively regulates STING | DCs regulate TFH generation | Charting disease space | Neonatal sepsis | Precursor privileges | Microbe-activity sensor Review Top Immunometabolism of regulatory T cells   pp618 - 625 Ryan Newton, Bhavana Priyadharshini and Laurence A Turka doi:10.1038/ni.3466 Whole-body metabolism can affect immune-cell function and vice versa. Turka and colleagues review the unique metabolic properties of Treg cells and how this relates to their function and the outcome of immune responses. Advertisement nature.com webcasts Nature Publishing Group presents an editorial webcast on: Cancer immunotherapy Join us as four experts explain their roles in this exciting field and take part in a live discussion on the future of cancer immunotherapy. Tuesday 24th May 2016 at 8AM PDT, 11AM EDT, 4PM BST, 5PM CEST Register free online: Produced with support from: Lonza Bioscience Solutions     Articles Top Inflammatory triggers associated with exacerbations of COPD orchestrate plasticity of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in the lungs   pp626 - 635 Jonathan S Silver, Jennifer Kearley, Alan M Copenhaver, Caroline Sanden, Michiko Mori et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3443 Group 1 and 3 innate lymphoid cells can be functionally plastic. Humbles and colleagues find that group 2 innate lymphoid cells in the lungs also exhibit phenotypic plasticity after exposure to infectious or noxious agents. See also: News and Views by Belz IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-12 control the fate of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in human airway inflammation in the lungs   pp636 - 645 Suzanne M Bal, Jochem H Bernink, Maho Nagasawa, Jelle Groot, Medya M Shikhagaie et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3444 Transdifferentiation between group 1 and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has been observed in the gut. Spits and colleagues now show lung ILC2s are able to convert into ILC1s in an IL-12-dependent manner. See also: News and Views by Belz IL-1 is a critical regulator of group 2 innate lymphoid cell function and plasticity   pp646 - 655 Yoichiro Ohne, Jonathan S Silver, LuAnn Thompson-Snipes, Magalie A Collet, Jean Philippe Blanck et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3447 Cytokines of the IL-1 family have a range of effects on innate lymphoid cells. Liu and colleagues find that IL-1 facilitates the maturation and plasticity of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. See also: News and Views by Belz Arginase 1 is an innate lymphoid-cell-intrinsic metabolic checkpoint controlling type 2 inflammation   pp656 - 665 Laurel A Monticelli, Michael D Buck, Anne-Laure Flamar, Steven A Saenz, Elia D Tait Wojno et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3421 The cell-intrinsic pathways controlling the function of innate lymphoid cells are poorly defined. Artis and colleagues demonstrate that ILC2s selectively express arginase 1 and that this is critical for their bioenergetics, proliferation and function. Distinct myeloid progenitor-differentiation pathways identified through single-cell RNA sequencing   pp666 - 676 Roy Drissen, Natalija Buza-Vidas, Petter Woll, Supat Thongjuea, Adriana Gambardella et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3412 Using single-cell transcriptome profiling of pre-granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells, Nerlov and colleagues identify an early hematopoietic lineage bifurcation that segregates mast cells, eosinophils, megakaryocytes and erythroid cells from monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes. See also: News and Views by Sarrazin & Sieweke Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces the miR-33 locus to reprogram autophagy and host lipid metabolism   pp677 - 686 Mireille Ouimet, Stefan Koster, Erik Sakowski, Bhama Ramkhelawon, Coen van Solingen et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3434 Moore and colleagues show that Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces miR-33 and miR-33* in macrophages to inhibit integrated pathways involved in autophagy, lysosomal function and fatty acid oxidation, and to support bacterial replication. Constitutive aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling constrains type I interferon-mediated antiviral innate defense   pp687 - 694 Taisho Yamada, Hiromasa Horimoto, Takeshi Kameyama, Sumio Hayakawa, Hiroaki Yamato et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3422 The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has well-described roles in the differentiation of T cells; however, less is known about its function in innate immunity. Takaoka and colleagues demonstrate how an AHR-dependent pathway reins in production of type I interferon. Tcf1 and Lef1 transcription factors establish CD8+ T cell identity through intrinsic HDAC activity   pp695 - 703 Shaojun Xing, Fengyin Li, Zhouhao Zeng, Yunjie Zhao, Shuyang Yu et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3456 Xue and colleagues show that the transcription factors Tcf1 and Lef1 suppress CD4+ T lineage genes in CD8+ T cells through intrinsic histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. See also: News and Views by Ng & Littman Asymmetric inheritance of mTORC1 kinase activity during division dictates CD8+ T cell differentiation   pp704 - 711 Kristen N Pollizzi, Im-Hong Sun, Chirag H Patel, Ying-Chun Lo, Min-Hee Oh et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3438 Asymmetric division can generate effector and memory CD8+ T cell precursors. Powell and colleagues show asymmetric partitioning of mTORC1 activity upon CD8+ T cell division, which results in distinct metabolic programming of daughter T cells. Glucose and glutamine fuel protein O-GlcNAcylation to control T cell self-renewal and malignancy   pp712 - 720 Mahima Swamy, Shalini Pathak, Katarzyna M Grzes, Sebastian Damerow, Linda V Sinclair et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3439 Intracellular proteins are regulated by multiple post-translation modifications. Cantrell and colleagues show that nutrient flux regulates intracellular protein modification by O-GlcNAcylation, which drives thymocyte development and T cell proliferation. See also: News and Views by Yang & Marth TCR signal strength controls thymic differentiation of discrete proinflammatory γδ T cell subsets   pp721 - 727 Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz, Julie C Ribot, Ana R Grosso, Natacha Gonçalves-Sousa, Ana Pamplona et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3424 The thymus produces γδ T cell subsets making either IFN-γ or IL-17. Silva-Santos and colleagues show that TCR signal strength within specific developmental windows is a major determinant of the generation of these γδ T cell subsets. Advertisement BJC collections: Cancer Immunotherapy Immunotherapies have revolutionised therapy for some cancers. In parallel with therapeutic trials, many other mechanisms and pathways are being investigated in optimising these treatments.  Access this collection from British Journal of Cancer - free online for six months Produced with support from: EMD Serono     Resource Top Innate-like functions of natural killer T cell subsets result from highly divergent gene programs   pp728 - 739 Isaac Engel, Grégory Seumois, Lukas Chavez, Daniela Samaniego-Castruita, Brandie White et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3437 Invariant natural killer T cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules and are capable of copious cytokine production. Kronenberg and colleagues show that distinct transcriptional and epigenetic profiles can be ascribed to the NKT1, NKT2 and NKT17 subsets of these cells. Corrigenda Top Corrigendum: The heterogeneity of human CD127+ innate lymphoid cells revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing   p740 Åsa K Björklund, Marianne Forkel, Simone Picelli, Viktoria Konya, Jakob Theorell et al. doi:10.1038/ni0616-740a Corrigendum: Adjuvanted influenza-H1N1 vaccination reveals lymphoid signatures of age-dependent early responses and of clinical adverse events   p740 Olga Sobolev, Elisa Binda, Sean O'Farrell, Anna Lorenc, Joel Pradines et al. doi:10.1038/ni0616-740b Top Advertisement VIRAL INFECTION AND IMMUNE RESPONSE Presented by: The Wuhan Institute of Virology | Chinese Society for Immunology | Chinese Society for Microbiology | Nature Microbiology October 21-23, 2016 Shangri-la Hotel | Wuhan, China REGISTER NOW!   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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