| | Archaeology: Neanderthals built underground
The finding of 175,000-year-old structures deep inside a cave in France suggests that Neanderthals ventured underground and were responsible for some of the earliest constructions made by hominins. | Evolutionary biology: To mimicry and back again
Deadly coral snakes warn predators through striking red-black banding. New data confirm that many harmless snakes have evolved to resemble coral snakes, and suggest that the evolution of this Batesian mimicry is not always a one-way street. | Microbiology: Pumping persisters
The finding that antibiotics are pumped out of drug-tolerant bacterial cells by the TolC protein complex provides insight into how some cells, known as persisters, survive in the face of antibiotic treatments. | Proteogenomics connects somatic mutations to signalling in breast cancer
Quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of genomically annotated human breast cancer samples elucidates functional consequences of somatic mutations, narrows candidate nominations for driver genes within large deletions and amplified regions, and identifies potential therapeutic targets. | Seafloor geodetic constraints on interplate coupling of the Nankai Trough megathrust zone
Seafloor geodetic data from the Nankai Trough, off southwestern Japan, show that most offshore sites in this earthquake-prone region have high slip-deficit rates, revealing previously unknown locations that could be important for the mitigation of future earthquake- and tsunami-associated disasters. | Oil sands operations as a large source of secondary organic aerosols
The evaporation and atmospheric oxidation of low-volatility organic vapours from mined oil sands material is shown to be responsible for a large amount of secondary organic aerosol mass—which affects air quality and climate change—observed during airborne measurements in Canada. | Attosecond nonlinear polarization and light–matter energy transfer in solids
Petahertz-bandwidth metrology is demonstrated in the measurement of nonlinear polarization in silica. | Development of the gut microbiota and mucosal IgA responses in twins and gnotobiotic mice
The relationship between assembly of the gut community and gut mucosal immunoglobulin A responses during the first 24–36 months of postnatal life in a cohort of 40 twin pairs is defined and modelled in gnotobiotic mice. | Diverse roles of assembly factors revealed by structures of late nuclear pre-60S ribosomes
The cryo-electron microscopy structures of yeast nucleoplasmic pre-60S ribosomal particles give insight into the function of multiple assembly factors in ribosome biogenesis. | A shared neural ensemble links distinct contextual memories encoded close in time
A similar neural ensemble participates in the encoding of two distinct memories, resulting in the recall of one memory increasing the likelihood of recalling the other, but only if those memories occur very closely in time—within a day rather than across a week. | Pitx2 promotes heart repair by activating the antioxidant response after cardiac injury
The transcription factor Pitx2 is upregulated in injured neonatal and Hippo-deficient mouse hearts, where it interacts with the Hippo effector protein Yap to activate reactive oxygen species scavengers, thus preventing the heart from oxidative damage. | Overcoming EGFR(T790M) and EGFR(C797S) resistance with mutant-selective allosteric inhibitors
An allosteric inhibitor, EAI045, is reported that is selective for certain drug-resistant EGFR mutants, but spares the wild-type receptor; combination therapy of EAI045 with EGFR-dimerization-blocking antibodies is effective in mouse models of lung cancer driven by mutant versions of EGFR that are resistant to all previously developed inhibitors. | Neural correlates of single-vessel haemodynamic responses in vivo
Functional imaging techniques use changes in blood flow to infer neural activity, but how strongly the two are correlated is a subject of debate; here, vascular and neural responses to a range of visual stimuli are imaged in cat and rat primary visual cortex, revealing that vascular signals are partially decoupled from local neural signals. | Early Neanderthal constructions deep in Bruniquel Cave in southwestern France
Two ring-like structures made of low walls of broken stalagmite pieces, deep in a cave in France, are described and dated to around 176,000 years ago, suggesting human-made construction within the period of early Neanderthals, although the function of the structures remains conjectural. | Aberrant PD-L1 expression through 3′-UTR disruption in multiple cancers
Structural variations disrupting the 3′ region of PD-L1 are shown to aid immune evasion in a number of human cancers, including adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma, and in a mouse tumour model, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of the 3'-UTR of Pd-l1 is also shown to result in immune escape, suggesting that PD-L1 3′-UTR disruption could provide a diagnostic marker to identify patients who will benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. | Structural basis of N6-adenosine methylation by the METTL3–METTL14 complex
The structure of the METTL3–METTL14 complex, which mediates N6-adenosine methylation of RNA, suggests that the METTL3 subunit is the catalytic core while METTL14 serves to bind RNA. | | Corrigendum: A novel multiple-stage antimalarial agent that inhibits protein synthesis | | Corrigendum: Cerebral cavernous malformations arise from endothelial gain of MEKK3–KLF2/4 signalling | | | | 
MagCapture™ Exosome Isolation Kit PS
Wako is has developed an exosome isolation kit using a novel affinity molecule.
High yield high purity exosomes can be isolated by PS affinity method.
Exosomes can be recovered from culture media containing FBS. | | | | | | | | | | | NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites
The metabolism of ketamine to (2S,6S;2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) is essential for its antidepressant effects, and the (2R,6R)-HNK enantiomer lacks ketamine-related side effects but exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in mice; these antidepressant effects are independent of NMDAR inhibition but require AMPAR activity.
Panos Zanos, Ruin Moaddel, Patrick J. Morris et al. | Tracing haematopoietic stem cell formation at single-cell resolution
Successful identification of mouse embryonic pre-haematopoietic stem cells at single-cell resolution.
Fan Zhou, Xianlong Li, Weili Wang et al. | Carcinoma–astrocyte gap junctions promote brain metastasis by cGAMP transfer
A heterotypic cell interaction between astrocytes and tumour cells colonizing the brain is discovered; by establishing gap junctions, tumour cells trigger the activation of innate immune response signalling in astrocytes, which results in the secretion of factors that support growth and chemoresistance in brain metastatic cells.
Qing Chen, Adrienne Boire, Xin Jin et al. | Synchronized mitochondrial and cytosolic translation programs
The genes encoding the subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes are split between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, but their translation is synchronized by signalling from the cytosol to the mitochondria.
Mary T. Couvillion, Iliana C. Soto, Gergana Shipkovenska et al. | | Competitive growth in a cooperative mammal
In wild Kalahari meerkats (Suricata suricatta), subordinates of both sexes respond to experimentally induced increases in the growth of same-sex rivals by raising their own growth rate and food intake.
Elise Huchard, Sinead English, Matt B. V. Bell et al. | How sexual selection can drive the evolution of costly sperm ornamentation
The ‘big-sperm paradox’, the observed production of few, gigantic sperm by some fruit flies (seemingly at odds with fundamental theory addressing how sexual selection works) is shown to be a result of co-evolution driven by genetic and functional relationships between sperm length, design of the female reproductive tract and features of the mating system.
Stefan Lüpold, Mollie K. Manier, Nalini Puniamoorthy et al. | Culturing of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation OPEN
A novel approach is used to cultivate a substantial proportion of the human gut microbiota, representing an important step forward in characterizing the role of these bacteria in health and disease.
Hilary P. Browne, Samuel C. Forster, Blessing O. Anonye et al. | A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling
Coupling a ferromagnetic insulator to a topological insulator induces a robust magnetic state at the interface, resulting from the large spin-orbit interaction and the spin-momentum locking property of Dirac fermions, and leads to an extraordinary enhancement of the magnetic ordering (Curie) temperature.
Ferhat Katmis, Valeria Lauter, Flavio S. Nogueira et al. | Redirecting abiraterone metabolism to fine-tune prostate cancer anti-androgen therapy
The prostate cancer drug abiraterone can be metabolized into several substances with different effects, and optimization of this process could be helpful for fine-tuning the treatment of prostate cancer.
Zhenfei Li, Mohammad Alyamani, Jianneng Li et al. | Structural insights into inhibition of lipid I production in bacterial cell wall synthesis
The crystal structure of the MraY enzyme from Aquifex aeolicus in complex with the naturally occurring nucleoside inhibitor muraymycin D2 (MD2) reveals that MraY undergoes a large conformational rearrangement near the active site after the binding of MD2, leading to the generation of a nucleoside-binding pocket and a peptide-binding site.
Ben C. Chung, Ellene H. Mashalidis, Tetsuya Tanino et al. | Crystal structure of the human sterol transporter ABCG5/ABCG8
The X-ray structure of human ABCG5/ABCG8 heterodimer in a nucleotide-free state, being the first atomic model of an ABC sterol transporter.
Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Lisa N. Kinch, Dominika M. Borek et al. | Access of protective antiviral antibody to neuronal tissues requires CD4 T-cell help
Interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ helper T cells are required for antibody access to neuronal tissues in response to neurotropic virus infections.
Norifumi Iijima, Akiko Iwasaki | Suppressing star formation in quiescent galaxies with supermassive black hole winds
In order for quiescent galaxies to maintain their low-to-non-existent star formation, there must be a mechanism to remove or heat gas that would otherwise cool to form stars; now supermassive black hole winds that are sufficient to suppress star formation in such galaxies are reported.
Edmond Cheung, Kevin Bundy, Michele Cappellari et al. | A resonant chain of four transiting, sub-Neptune planets
Transit timing variations of the four-planet system Kepler-223 are used to compute the long-term stability of the system, which has a chain of resonances; the results suggest that inward planetary migration, rather than in situ assembly, is responsible for the formation of some close-in sub-Neptune systems.
Sean M. Mills, Daniel C. Fabrycky, Cezary Migaszewski et al. | Continuous probing of cold complex molecules with infrared frequency comb spectroscopy
Combining cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy with buffer gas cooling enables rapid collection of well-resolved infrared spectra for molecules such as nitromethane, naphthalene and adamantane, confirming the value of the combined approach for studying much larger and more complex molecules than have been probed so far.
Ben Spaun, P. Bryan Changala, David Patterson et al. | Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles OPEN
Aerosol particles can form in the atmosphere by nucleation of highly oxidized biogenic vapours in the absence of sulfuric acid, with ions from Galactic cosmic rays increasing the nucleation rate by one to two orders of magnitude compared with neutral nucleation. Aerosol particles can form in the atmosphere by nucleation of highly oxidized biogenic vapours in the absence of sulfuric acid, with ions from Galactic cosmic rays increasing the nucleation rate by one to two orders of magnitude compared with neutral nucleation.
Jasper Kirkby, Jonathan Duplissy, Kamalika Sengupta et al. | The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere OPEN
The growth of nucleated organic particles has been investigated in controlled laboratory experiments under atmospheric conditions; initial growth is driven by organic vapours of extremely low volatility, and accelerated by more abundant vapours of slightly higher volatility, leading to markedly different modelled concentrations of atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei when this growth mechanism is taken into account.
Jasmin Tröstl, Wayne K. Chuang, Hamish Gordon et al. | Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment
A genome-wide association study in 293,723 individuals identifies 74 genetic variants associated with educational attainment, which, although only explaining a small proportion of the variation in educational attainment, highlights candidate genes and pathways for further study.
Aysu Okbay, Jonathan P. Beauchamp, Mark Alan Fontana et al. | | | | |
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