Nature Communications - 25 May 2016

Advertisement Are you working on gene therapeutics? Have an innovative approach to AAV-mediated gene therapy with improved tissue targeting? If so, Boehringer Ingelheim invites you to enter their InnoCentive Challenge. A $15,000 award fund is available along with options for Research Collaborations. The deadline for submissions is June 5, 2016. See the full details and enter here.     Weekly Content Alert Nature Communications is now fully open access. Read more. 25 May 2016  Featured image: Terrés et al. fabricate a graphene quantum point contact to probe quantum confinement of Dirac electrons. Latest content: Articles Advertisement Nature Index 2016 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia had the largest growth of its region in the production of high-quality research in 2015 tracked by the Nature Index, propelling the country into a leading position. Click here to see how strong and fruitful collaborations with international powerhouses have been integral to Saudi Arabia’s rapid rise. The country has now firmly set its sights on becoming a global player in science. Produced with support from: KACST Journal homepage Recommend to library Web feed   Advertisement Nature Outlook Urban Health & Well-Being This Nature Outlook explores some of the obstacles to a healthy, happy urban life - and the development of strategies to overcome them. Available free online Produced with support from: The Institute of Urban Environment, CAS;Zhongke DingShi Environmental Engineering; Ningbo Tianhe Aquatic Ecosystems; Huilv Landscape Construction     Advertisement       Nature Communications - now fully open access All new submissions, if accepted, will be published open access and an article processing charge (APC) will apply. For more information visit the website. Visit our open access funding page or contact openaccess@nature.com to learn more about APC funding.       Latest Articles View all Articles     The child brain computes and utilizes internalized maternal choices OPEN Seung-Lark Lim, J. Bradley C. Cherry, Ann M. Davis, S. N. Balakrishnan, Oh-Ryeong Ha, Jared M. Bruce and Amanda S. Bruce Mothers advocate eating healthy foods while children like to eat tasty foods. Lim and colleagues demonstrate that children incorporate their mothers' food choices while deciding what to eat as well as provide the neural correlates of this decision making process. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11700 Biological Sciences  Neuroscience  Dynamic changes in neural circuitry during adolescence are associated with persistent attenuation of fear memories OPEN Siobhan S. Pattwell, Conor Liston, Deqiang Jing, Ipe Ninan, Rui R. Yang, Jonathan Witztum, Mitchell H. Murdock, Iva Dincheva, Kevin G. Bath, B. J. Casey, Karl Deisseroth and Francis S. Lee Flexible fear-related responses may be advantageous in adolescence. Here the authors use microprisms to image prefrontal cortical spine maturation across development and report that plasticity in adolescent fear extinction responses is associated with dynamic reorganization in the amygdalahippocampal-PFC circuit. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11475 Biological Sciences  Neuroscience  In vivo epidermal migration requires focal adhesion targeting of ACF7 OPEN Jiping Yue, Yao Zhang, Wenguang G. Liang, Xuewen Gou, Philbert Lee, Han Liu, Wanqing Lyu, Wei-Jen Tang, Shao-Yu Chen, Feng Yang, Hong Liang and Xiaoyang Wu The spectraplakin protein ACF7 binds to actin at focal adhesions and targets microtubule plus ends to focal adhesions, promoting their disassembly. Here the authors reveal that ACF7 is phosphorylated by Src/FAK, and this regulates actin binding and focal adhesion dynamics in vitro and in vivo. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11692 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  TRIM31 promotes Atg5/Atg7-independent autophagy in intestinal cells OPEN Eun A. Ra, Taeyun A. Lee, Seung Won Kim, Areum Park, Hyun jin Choi, Insook Jang, Sujin Kang, Jae Hee Cheon, Jin Won Cho, Ji Eun Lee, Sungwook Lee and Boyoun Park While non-canonical, Atg5/Atg7-independent autophagy has been reported to occur, molecular details of alternative autophagy pathways remain unknown. Here, the authors report that the protein TRIM31 mediates alternative autophagy in intestinal cells, which protects against pathogenic bacteria. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11726 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Essential structural elements in tRNAPro for EF-P-mediated alleviation of translation stalling OPEN Takayuki Katoh, Ingo Wohlgemuth, Masanobu Nagano, Marina V. Rodnina and Hiroaki Suga Ribosomes tend to stall during the translation of consecutive proline residues, which can be rescued by the co-translational factor EF-P. Here the authors identify a structural element of tRNAPro responsible for specific recognition by EF-P and stimulation of Pro-Pro peptide bond formation. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11657 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Molecular biology  Functional development of mechanosensitive hair cells in stem cell-derived organoids parallels native vestibular hair cells OPEN Xiao-Ping Liu, Karl R. Koehler, Andrew M. Mikosz, Eri Hashino and Jeffrey R. Holt Sensory hair cells from the mammalian inner ear do not regenerate. Here, the authors induce direct hair cell formation from mouse embryonic stem cells using a three-dimensional culture system and observe differentiation of Type I and Type II vestibular hair cells and establishment of synapses with neurons. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11508 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Developmental biology  Conservation of uORF repressiveness and sequence features in mouse, human and zebrafish OPEN Guo-Liang Chew, Andrea Pauli and Alexander F. Schier Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) can repress gene expression. Here, Guo-Liang Chew and colleagues use bioinformatics approaches to show that conservation of uORF-mediated translational repression is mediated by sequence features in human, mouse and zebrafish genomes. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11663 Biological Sciences  Bioinformatics  Evolution  Genetics  Epigenetic reprogramming of fallopian tube fimbriae in BRCA mutation carriers defines early ovarian cancer evolution OPEN Thomas E. Bartlett, Kantaraja Chindera, Jacqueline McDermott, Charles E. Breeze, William R. Cooke, Allison Jones, Daniel Reisel, Smita T. Karegodar, Rupali Arora, Stephan Beck, Usha Menon, Louis Dubeau and Martin Widschwendter Women with germline variants in BRCA genes are predisposed to ovarian cancer. In this study, the authors demonstrate that fimbrial tissue from the ovary, the site of ovarian cancer, in BRCA mutant carriers contains marked DNA methylation changes compared with the proximal region of the ovary. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11620 Biological Sciences  Cancer  Genetics  Molecular biology  A voltage-dependent chloride channel fine-tunes photosynthesis in plants OPEN Andrei Herdean, Enrico Teardo, Anders K. Nilsson, Bernard E. Pfeil, Oskar N. Johansson, Renáta Ünnep, Gergely Nagy, Ottó Zsiros, Somnath Dana, Katalin Solymosi, Győző Garab, Ildikó Szabó, Cornelia Spetea and Björn Lundin Plants have evolved to maximize energy capture while protecting their photosynthetic machinery in response to rapid variation in light conditions. Here, the authors describe a chloroplast voltage-dependent anion channel that contributes to photoprotection by fine-tuning the ion balance across the thylakoid membrane. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11654 Biological Sciences  Plant sciences  Identification of an activation site in Bak and mitochondrial Bax triggered by antibodies OPEN Sweta Iyer, Khatira Anwari, Amber E. Alsop, Wai Shan Yuen, David C. S. Huang, John Carroll, Nicholas A. Smith, Brian J. Smith, Grant Dewson and Ruth M. Kluck During apoptosis, Bak and Bax are activated by BH3-only proteins binding to a specific hydrophobic groove. Here, the authors show that antibodies can also activate Bak and mitochondrial Bax by binding to the α1-α2 loop, thus identifying a potential clinical target. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11734 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Cancer  Photo-induced halide redistribution in organic–inorganic perovskite films OPEN Dane W. deQuilettes, Wei Zhang, Victor M. Burlakov, Daniel J. Graham, Tomas Leijtens, Anna Osherov, Vladimir Bulović, Henry J. Snaith, David S. Ginger and Samuel D. Stranks Visual evidence for photo-induced ionic migration in perovskite films without contacts is lacking. Here, the authors use a unique combination of confocal photoluminescence microscopy and chemical imaging to correlate the local changes in photophysics with composition in CH3NH3PbI3 films under illumination. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11683 Physical Sciences  Materials science  Optical physics  Domain topology and domain switching kinetics in a hybrid improper ferroelectric OPEN F. -T. Huang, F. Xue, B. Gao, L. H. Wang, X. Luo, W. Cai, X. -Z. Lu, J. M. Rondinelli, L. Q. Chen and S. -W. Cheong Charged ferroelectric domain walls show promise for two-dimensional conduction, but their abundance within (Ca,Sr)3Ti2O7 crystals is poorly understood. Here, Huang et al. discover topology related domain structures in such materials, which reveal the rich nature of hybrid improper ferroelectricity. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11602 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Materials science  KCNQ channel openers reverse depressive symptoms via an active resilience mechanism OPEN Allyson K. Friedman, Barbara Juarez, Stacy M. Ku, Hongxing Zhang, Rhodora C. Calizo, Jessica J. Walsh, Dipesh Chaudhury, Song Zhang, Angel Hawkins, David M. Dietz, James W. Murrough, Maria Ribadeneira, Erik H. Wong, Rachael L. Neve and Ming-Hu Han Potassium channels in the ventral tegmental area are known to regulate resilience against stress-induced depression. Here, the authors show over expression of KCNQ3 channels in VTA dopaminergic neurons or treatment with KCNQ channel openers normalizes depressive behaviours in mouse models. 24 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11671 Biological Sciences  Neuroscience  Selective dissolution of halide perovskites as a step towards recycling solar cells OPEN Byeong Jo Kim, Dong Hoe Kim, Seung Lee Kwon, So Yeon Park, Zhen Li, Kai Zhu and Hyun Suk Jung As perovskite-based solar cells are reaching high efficiency, issues of stability and end-of-life become predominant. Here, Kim et al. selectively dissolve the perovskite layer and reuse the electron transport layer to fabricate devices with efficiency and stability comparable to those of the original solar cells. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11735 Physical Sciences  Materials science  Measurements of continuum lowering in solid-density plasmas created from elements and compounds OPEN O. Ciricosta, S. M. Vinko, B. Barbrel, D. S. Rackstraw, T. R. Preston, T. Burian, J. Chalupský, B. I. Cho, H. -K. Chung, G. L. Dakovski, K. Engelhorn, V. Hájková, P. Heimann, M. Holmes, L. Juha, J. Krzywinski, R. W. Lee, S. Toleikis, J. J. Turner, U. Zastrau et al. The effect of dense plasma environment on the energy levels of an ion is usually described in terms of a lowering of its continuum level. Here the authors present an isochoric-heating experiment to measure and compare continuum lowering in single-species and mixture plasmas to provide insights for models. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11713 Physical Sciences  Fluids and plasma physics  Spin–valley locking in the normal state of a transition-metal dichalcogenide superconductor OPEN L. Bawden, S. P. Cooil, F. Mazzola, J. M. Riley, L. J. Collins-McIntyre, V. Sunko, K. W. B. Hunvik, M. Leandersson, C. M. Polley, T. Balasubramanian, T. K. Kim, M. Hoesch, J. W. Wells, G. Balakrishnan, M. S. Bahramy and P. D. C. King The origin of intertwined electronic orders in transition-metal dichalcogenides has long been debated. Here, Bawden et al. report that the normal state, from which these phases emerge, is unexpectedly spin-polarized, with spins locked to both valley and layer pseudospins. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11711 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Materials science  CXXC finger protein 1 is critical for T-cell intrathymic development through regulating H3K4 trimethylation OPEN Wenqiang Cao, Jing Guo, Xiaofeng Wen, Li Miao, Feng Lin, Guanxin Xu, Ruoyu Ma, Shengxia Yin, Zhaoyuan Hui, Tingting Chen, Shixin Guo, Wei Chen, Yingying Huang, Yizhi Liu, Jianli Wang, Lai Wei and Lie Wang T cell development has been a classical model for understanding cell fate regulation by epigenetics. Here the authors show that Cxxc1 controls thymocyte development mainly through regulating several key genes, such as Rorc, Zap70 and Cd8, which requires its H3K4me3 but not DNA methylation function. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11687 Biological Sciences  Immunology  Molecular biology  Potent social synchronization can override photic entrainment of circadian rhythms OPEN Taro Fuchikawa, Ada Eban-Rothschild, Moshe Nagari, Yair Shemesh and Guy Bloch Circadian rhythms synchronize important biological processes, and are thought to primarily be entrained by environmental cycles in light and temperature, with little or no role for social interactions. Here, Fuchikawa et al. show that social cues among honeybees can entrain these rhythms even in the presence of conflicting light-dark cycles. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11662 Biological Sciences  Ecology  Zoology  Relative rate and location of intra-host HIV evolution to evade cellular immunity are predictable OPEN John P. Barton, Nilu Goonetilleke, Thomas C. Butler, Bruce D. Walker, Andrew J. McMichael and Arup K. Chakraborty HIV evolves within infected persons to escape being destroyed by the immune system. Here, Barton et al. combine evolutionary dynamics and statistical physics to simulate this process, successfully predicting the relative rate and location of escape mutations in viral sequences for a cohort of HIV-infected persons. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11660 Biological Sciences  Evolution  Immunology  Virology  Hetero-site-specific X-ray pump-probe spectroscopy for femtosecond intramolecular dynamics OPEN A. Picón, C. S. Lehmann, C. Bostedt, A. Rudenko, A. Marinelli, T. Osipov, D. Rolles, N. Berrah, C. Bomme, M. Bucher, G. Doumy, B. Erk, K. R. Ferguson, T. Gorkhover, P. J. Ho, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, J. Krzywinski, A. A. Lutman, A. M. March et al. Two-color X-ray pulses with controlled time delay allow exciting one site of a molecule and then probing a different site of the same molecule with femtosecond resolution. Here, the authors use this hetero-site pump-probe technique to study charge redistribution and dissociation of the xenon difluoride molecule. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11652 Physical Sciences  Atomic and molecular physics  Physical chemistry  A wearable chemical–electrophysiological hybrid biosensing system for real-time health and fitness monitoring OPEN Somayeh Imani, Amay J. Bandodkar, A. M. Vinu Mohan, Rajan Kumar, Shengfei Yu, Joseph Wang and Patrick P. Mercier Wearable sensors can provide continuous, convenient feedback for users but typically focus on a small number of physiological parameters. Here, the authors report a skin-worn sensing system that combines a biosensor for lactate detection with an electrocardiogram in one patch, with applications for exercise monitoring. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11650 Chemical Sciences  Analytical chemistry  Bioengineering  Direct evidence for charge stripes in a layered cobalt oxide OPEN P. Babkevich, P. G. Freeman, M. Enderle, D. Prabhakaran and A. T. Boothroyd The nature of the magnetic ground state giving rise to the hourglass-shaped magnetic spectrum common among high-Tc superconductors is a matter of debate. Here, Babkevich et al. detect the presence of stripe charge order accompanied by quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnetic order in La5/3Sr1/3CoO4, providing a natural explanation for this characteristic spectrum. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11632 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Materials science  Nrf2 suppresses macrophage inflammatory response by blocking proinflammatory cytokine transcription OPEN Eri H. Kobayashi, Takafumi Suzuki, Ryo Funayama, Takeshi Nagashima, Makiko Hayashi, Hiroki Sekine, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Takashi Moriguchi, Hozumi Motohashi, Keiko Nakayama and Masayuki Yamamoto Nrf2 is a transcriptional activator of oxidative stress response genes. Here the authors show that Nrf2 binds to promoters of proinflammatory genes and interferes with their transcriptional upregulation in LPS-stimulated macrophages independently of its role in regulation of reactive oxygen species. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11624 Biological Sciences  Immunology  Molecular biology  Electrostatic control over temperature-dependent tunnelling across a single-molecule junction OPEN Alvar R. Garrigues, Lejia Wang, Enrique del Barco and Christian A. Nijhuis The effect of temperature on charge transport mechanisms in molecular tunnel junctions is not fully understood. Here, charge transport studies of a redox-active molecule unveil multiple mechanistic regimes which may be explained by thermal broadening of the Fermi distributions of electrons in the leads. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11595 Physical Sciences  Applied physics  Nanotechnology  The fin-to-limb transition as the re-organization of a Turing pattern OPEN Koh Onimaru, Luciano Marcon, Marco Musy, Mikiko Tanaka and James Sharpe Mouse digit patterning is controlled by a Turing network of Bmp, Sox9, and Wnt. Here, Onimaru et al. show that fin patterning in the catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula, is controlled by the same network with a different spatial organization; thus, the Turing network is deeply conserved in limb development. 23 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11582 Biological Sciences  Developmental biology  Evolution  Systems biology  Probing topological protection using a designer surface plasmon structure OPEN Fei Gao, Zhen Gao, Xihang Shi, Zhaoju Yang, Xiao Lin, Hongyi Xu, John D. Joannopoulos, Marin Soljačić, Hongsheng Chen, Ling Lu, Yidong Chong and Baile Zhang The limits of topological protection in photonic systems remain unclear. Here, Gao et al. construct photonic topological edge states and probe their robustness against a variety of defect classes, including some common time-reversal-invariant photonic defects that can break the topological protection. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11619 Physical Sciences  Optical physics  Adaptive evolution of complex innovations through stepwise metabolic niche expansion OPEN Balázs Szappanos, Jonathan Fritzemeier, Bálint Csörgő, Viktória Lázár, Xiaowen Lu, Gergely Fekete, Balázs Bálint, Róbert Herczeg, István Nagy, Richard A. Notebaart, Martin J. Lercher, Csaba Pál and Balázs Papp A fundamental question in evolutionary biology is how complex innovations requiring multiple genetic changes arise. Here the authors provide lines of evidence that changing environments facilitate the adaptive evolution of complex metabolic innovations via stepwise acquisition of single reactions. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11607 Biological Sciences  Evolution  Systems biology  Gut environment-induced intraepithelial autoreactive CD4+ T cells suppress central nervous system autoimmunity via LAG-3 OPEN Atsushi Kadowaki, Sachiko Miyake, Ryoko Saga, Asako Chiba, Hideki Mochizuki and Takashi Yamamura Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) involves inflammatory cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) and models the human disease multiple sclerosis. Here the authors show that transferred CD4+ gut intraepithelial lymphocytes can migrate into the CNS and inhibit inflammation in recipient mice with EAE. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11639 Biological Sciences  Immunology  Medical research  Size quantization of Dirac fermions in graphene constrictions OPEN B. Terrés, L. A. Chizhova, F. Libisch, J. Peiro, D. Jörger, S. Engels, A. Girschik, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. V. Rotkin, J. Burgdörfer and C. Stampfer Quantum point contacts are narrow electrical connections of a width comparable to the wavelength of the conducting electrons. Here, the authors create such contacts in graphene by etching constrictions and use them to identify ballistic transport and quantized conductance of size-confined Dirac fermions. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11528 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Nanotechnology  Implementation of dispersion-free slow acoustic wave propagation and phase engineering with helical-structured metamaterials OPEN Xuefeng Zhu, Kun Li, Peng Zhang, Jie Zhu, Jintao Zhang, Chao Tian and Shengchun Liu There is great interest in slow wave propagation for a variety of applications. Here, Zhu et al. present a dispersion-free helical-structured metamaterial that implements acoustic wave deceleration at broad bandwidth and demonstrates specially designed phase modulation to incident sound through helicity tuning. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11731 Physical Sciences  Applied physics  Materials science  Numerical approach for unstructured quantum key distribution OPEN Patrick J. Coles, Eric M. Metodiev and Norbert Lütkenhaus Calculating the secret key rate for a given quantum key distribution protocol is challenging. Here the authors develop a numerical approach for calculating the key rate for arbitrary discrete-variable QKD protocols, which could lead to automated security analysis of realistic systems. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11712 Physical Sciences  Theoretical physics  Multifunctional hydrogel nano-probes for atomic force microscopy OPEN Jae Seol Lee, Jungki Song, Seong Oh Kim, Seokbeom Kim, Wooju Lee, Joshua A. Jackman, Dongchoul Kim, Nam-Joon Cho and Jungchul Lee Atomic force microscopy typically employs hard tips to map the surface topology of a sample, with sub-nanometre resolution. Here, the authors instead develop softer hydrogel probes, which show potential for multifunctional measurement capabilities beyond that of conventional systems. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11566 Physical Sciences  Materials science  Nanotechnology  Separating hydrogen and oxygen evolution in alkaline water electrolysis using nickel hydroxide OPEN Long Chen, Xiaoli Dong, Yonggang Wang and Yongyao Xia Alkaline water electrolyzers are promising devices for hydrogen generation, although hydrogen/oxygen mixing can be problematic. Here, the authors use nickel hydroxide as a redox mediator to decouple the hydrogen and oxygen production, overcoming the gas-mixing issue. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11741 Chemical Sciences  Materials science  Physical chemistry  Live single-cell laser tag OPEN Loïc Binan, Javier Mazzaferri, Karine Choquet, Louis-Etienne Lorenzo, Yu Chang Wang, El Bachir Affar, Yves De Koninck, Jiannis Ragoussis, Claudia L. Kleinman and Santiago Costantino Cell labelling in a non-invasive and genetic engineering-free manner is crucial to cell biology applications. Here the authors develop cell labelling via photobleaching (CLaP), that uses laser illumination to label individual cells for genomics, cell-tracking, flow cytometry or ultra-microscopy. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11636 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Clonal evolution in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia developing resistance to BTK inhibition OPEN Jan A. Burger, Dan A. Landau, Amaro Taylor-Weiner, Ivana Bozic, Huidan Zhang, Kristopher Sarosiek, Lili Wang, Chip Stewart, Jean Fan, Julia Hoellenriegel, Mariela Sivina, Adrian M. Dubuc, Cameron Fraser, Yulong Han, Shuqiang Li, Kenneth J. Livak, Lihua Zou, Youzhong Wan, Sergej Konoplev, Carrie Sougnez et al. The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib is used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, however some patients develop resistance to the drug. Here, the authors use genomic analyses to examine the clonal evolution of 5 patients that develop resistance to ibrutinib. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11589 Biological Sciences  Cancer  Genetics  Medical research  A two-step approach to achieve secondary amide transamidation enabled by nickel catalysis OPEN Emma L. Baker, Michael M. Yamano, Yujing Zhou, Sarah M. Anthony and Neil K. Garg Transamidation reactions are kinetically and thermodynamically challenging because of the stability of the amide starting materials. Here, the authors show a two-step process—activation of a secondary amide, followed by nickel-catalysed C–N bond cleavage—that allows mild and high yielding transamidation. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11554 Chemical Sciences  Catalysis  Organic chemistry  The effect of acid–base clustering and ions on the growth of atmospheric nano-particles OPEN Katrianne Lehtipalo, Linda Rondo, Jenni Kontkanen, Siegfried Schobesberger, Tuija Jokinen, Nina Sarnela, Andreas Kürten, Sebastian Ehrhart, Alessandro Franchin, Tuomo Nieminen, Francesco Riccobono, Mikko Sipilä, Taina Yli-Juuti, Jonathan Duplissy, Alexey Adamov, Lars Ahlm, João Almeida, Antonio Amorim, Federico Bianchi, Martin Breitenlechner et al. The growth rates of freshly formed aerosol particles influence what fraction of these can reach sizes large enough to affect cloud formation and climate. Here, the authors show that the nano-particle growth in a sulphuric acid containing system can be enhanced by the presence of ions or small acid-base clusters. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11594 Earth Sciences  Atmospheric science  Biogeochemistry  Climate science  Splicing factors control C. elegans behavioural learning in a single neuron by producing DAF-2c receptor OPEN Masahiro Tomioka, Yasuki Naito, Hidehito Kuroyanagi and Yuichi Iino Little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating neuron-specific alternative splicing. Here, the authors identify a combination of RNA-binding proteins regulating neuron-specific expression of the C. elegans insulin receptor isoform DAF-2c and find disrupting these factors leads to learning deficits. 20 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11645 Biological Sciences  Molecular biology  Neuroscience  Geometric spin echo under zero field OPEN Yuhei Sekiguchi, Yusuke Komura, Shota Mishima, Touta Tanaka, Naeko Niikura and Hideo Kosaka The sensitivity of single spins to their local environment makes them promising components for future quantum information and sensing technology. Here, the authors use geometric spin echo to demonstrate the control of nitrogen-vacancies via the crystal field in diamond under zero applied fields. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11668 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  A global meta-analysis on the ecological drivers of forest restoration success OPEN Renato Crouzeilles, Michael Curran, Mariana S. Ferreira, David B. Lindenmayer, Carlos E. V. Grelle and José M. Rey Benayas Restoration of degraded ecosystems is known to enhance biodiversity and vegetation structure. Using a global meta-analysis, Crouzeilles et al. identify the drivers of restoration success in forest ecosystems at both the local and landscape scales. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11666 Biological Sciences  Ecology  Therapeutic surfactant-stripped frozen micelles OPEN Yumiao Zhang, Wentao Song, Jumin Geng, Upendra Chitgupi, Hande Unsal, Jasmin Federizon, Javid Rzayev, Dinesh K. Sukumaran, Paschalis Alexandridis and Jonathan F. Lovell The excipients used to solubilise hydrophobic drugs sometimes interfere with drug behaviour or induce adverse side effects once injected. Here, the authors use a low-temperature process to obtain surfactant-stripped micelles with high drug concentration for delivery of a wide range of hydrophobic cargoes. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11649 Biological Sciences  Bioengineering  Biotechnology  Materials science  Vascular control of the Drosophila haematopoietic microenvironment by Slit/Robo signalling OPEN Ismaël Morin-Poulard, Anurag Sharma, Isabelle Louradour, Nathalie Vanzo, Alain Vincent and Michèle Crozatier The posterior signalling centre (PSC) in Drosophila larva regulates blood cell differentiation but it is unclear how this is controlled. Here, the authors show that Slit/Robo signalling from the vascular system regulates PSC morphology and function, in turn, regulating blood cell differentiation. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11634 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Developmental biology  Decoupling optical function and geometrical form using conformal flexible dielectric metasurfaces OPEN Seyedeh Mahsa Kamali, Amir Arbabi, Ehsan Arbabi, Yu Horie and Andrei Faraon Realizing components with decoupled geometrical form and optical function are of interest for various applications. Here, Kamali et al. introduce flexible metasurfaces based on a transmitarray platform that can be conformed to a non-planar arbitrarily shaped object to modify its optical properties at will. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11618 Physical Sciences  Applied physics  Materials science  Optical physics  T-bet is a key modulator of IL-23-driven pathogenic CD4+ T cell responses in the intestine OPEN Thomas Krausgruber, Chris Schiering, Krista Adelmann, Oliver J. Harrison, Agnieszka Chomka, Claire Pearson, Philip P. Ahern, Matthew Shale, Mohamed Oukka and Fiona Powrie How transcription factor T-bet and Th17 cells contribute to colitis remains incompletely understood. Here the authors identify T-bet as a negative regulator of IL-23R pathway activation and show that T-bet deficient T cells drive colitogenic Th17 responses dependent on the cytokines IL-17A and IL-22. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11627 Biological Sciences  Immunology  A genome-wide association scan implicates DCHS2, RUNX2, GLI3, PAX1 and EDAR in human facial variation OPEN Kaustubh Adhikari, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Mirsha Quinto-Sánchez, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, Juan Camilo Chacón-Duque, Victor Acuña-Alonzo, Claudia Jaramillo, William Arias, Rodrigo Barquera Lozano, Gastón Macín Pérez, Jorge Gómez-Valdés, Hugo Villamil-Ramírez, Tábita Hunemeier, Virginia Ramallo, Caio C. Silva de Cerqueira, Malena Hurtado, Valeria Villegas, Vanessa Granja, Carla Gallo, Giovanni Poletti et al. Humans show great diversity in facial appearance and this variation is highly heritable. Here, Andres Ruiz-Linares and colleagues examined facial features in admixed Latin Americans and identify genome-wide associations for 14 facial traits, including four gene loci (RUNX2, GLI3, DCHS2 and PAX1) influencing nose morphology. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11616 Biological Sciences  Genetics  Large reversible caloric effect in FeRh thin films via a dual-stimulus multicaloric cycle OPEN Yang Liu, Lee C. Phillips, Richard Mattana, Manuel Bibes, Agnès Barthélémy and Brahim Dkhil Refrigeration devices based on giant magnetocaloric materials are hampered by an irreversible caloric effect associated with large magnetic hysteresis. Here, Liu et al. report a multicaloric refrigeration cycle in FeRh thin films coupled to a ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrate, demonstrating reversibility and conversion of hysteretic losses. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11614 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Materials science  The calcium sensor Copine-6 regulates spine structural plasticity and learning and memory OPEN Judith R. Reinhard, Alexander Kriz, Milos Galic, Nico Angliker, Mathieu Rajalu, Kaspar E. Vogt and Markus A. Ruegg Learning and memory depend on the structural and functional plasticity of synapses. Reinhard et al. show that the calcium sensor Copine-6 is required for memory, controls spine structure by regulating Rac signalling, and through its modulation of actin, supports hippocampal LTP. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11613 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Neuroscience  Inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer OPEN Akash K. Kaushik, Ali Shojaie, Katrin Panzitt, Rajni Sonavane, Harene Venghatakrishnan, Mohan Manikkam, Alexander Zaslavsky, Vasanta Putluri, Vihas T. Vasu, Yiqing Zhang, Ayesha S. Khan, Stacy Lloyd, Adam T. Szafran, Subhamoy Dasgupta, David A. Bader, Fabio Stossi, Hangwen Li, Susmita Samanta, Xuhong Cao, Efrosini Tsouko et al. The molecular alterations driving anti-androgen resistance in prostate cancer are unclear. Here, the authors show, using a network-based approach, that inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway is necessary to develop resistance and that increasing the activity of the pathway enhances the anti-androgen response. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11612 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Cancer  Molecular biology  Structural basis of omalizumab therapy and omalizumab-mediated IgE exchange OPEN Luke F. Pennington, Svetlana Tarchevskaya, Daniel Brigger, Karthik Sathiyamoorthy, Michelle T. Graham, Kari Christine Nadeau, Alexander Eggel and Theodore S. Jardetzky Omalizumab is an antibody against IgE that is used to treat patients with asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Here, the authors report the structure of omalizumab in complex with an IgE fragment and develop an approach to exchange rather than deplete IgE on human basophils to block their activation. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11610 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Medical research  Super-resolution microscopy reveals structural diversity in molecular exchange among peptide amphiphile nanofibres OPEN Ricardo M. P. da Silva, Daan van der Zwaag, Lorenzo Albertazzi, Sungsoo S. Lee, E. W. Meijer and Samuel I. Stupp Dynamic behaviour in supramolecular systems is an important aspect of their functionality. Here, the authors use stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy to unveil structural diversity in self-assembled peptide amphiphile nanofibres, with potential relevance to biomedical applications. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11561 Chemical Sciences  Chemical biology  Nanotechnology  Physical chemistry  ISPD produces CDP-ribitol used by FKTN and FKRP to transfer ribitol phosphate onto α-dystroglycan OPEN Isabelle Gerin, Benoît Ury, Isabelle Breloy, Céline Bouchet-Seraphin, Jennifer Bolsée, Mathias Halbout, Julie Graff, Didier Vertommen, Giulio G. Muccioli, Nathalie Seta, Jean-Marie Cuisset, Ivana Dabaj, Susana Quijano-Roy, Ammi Grahn, Emile Van Schaftingen and Guido T. Bommer Mutations in genes required for the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan lead to dystroglycanopathies. Here, the authors show that three of these enzymes (ISPD, FKTN and FKRP) work together to attach ribitol phosphate to α-dystroglycan. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11534 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  ISG15 deficiency and increased viral resistance in humans but not mice OPEN Scott D. Speer, Zhi Li, Sofija Buta, Béatrice Payelle-Brogard, Li Qian, Frederic Vigant, Erminia Rubino, Thomas J. Gardner, Tim Wedeking, Mark Hermann, James Duehr, Ozden Sanal, Ilhan Tezcan, Nahal Mansouri, Payam Tabarsi, Davood Mansouri, Véronique Francois-Newton, Coralie F. Daussy, Marisela R. Rodriguez, Deborah J. Lenschow et al. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like protein which has important immune-related functions in mice and humans. Here the authors demonstrate that, unlike in mice, human ISG15 stabilizes UPS18 and that ISG15-deficient human cells are more resistant to viral infection. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11496 Biological Sciences  Immunology  Molecular biology  Suppression of KRas-mutant cancer through the combined inhibition of KRAS with PLK1 and ROCK OPEN Jieqiong Wang, Kewen Hu, Jiawei Guo, Feixiong Cheng, Jing Lv, Wenhao Jiang, Weiqiang Lu, Jinsong Liu, Xiufeng Pang and Mingyao Liu KRas is frequently mutated in multiple cancer types; identifying drugs to treat such cancers is a good therapeutic strategy. Here, the authors perform a synthetic lethal screen in mice and show that inhibiting Plk1 and ROCK results in the inhibition of tumour growth by increasing expression of the tumour suppressor p21. 19 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11363 Biological Sciences  Cancer  Cell biology  HIF-1α-PDK1 axis-induced active glycolysis plays an essential role in macrophage migratory capacity OPEN Hiroaki Semba, Norihiko Takeda, Takayuki Isagawa, Yuki Sugiura, Kurara Honda, Masaki Wake, Hidenobu Miyazawa, Yoshifumi Yamaguchi, Masayuki Miura, Dana M. R. Jenkins, Hyunsung Choi, Jung-whan Kim, Masataka Asagiri, Andrew S. Cowburn, Hajime Abe, Katsura Soma, Katsuhiro Koyama, Manami Katoh, Keimon Sayama, Nobuhito Goda et al. Migration to the inflamed tissue demands energy production in an increasingly hypoxic environment. Here the authors show that during migration, HIF1α-induced PDK1 uniquely adapts macrophage metabolism to mild hypoxia by promoting glycolysis while preserving cytochrome c oxidase activity. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11635 Biological Sciences  Immunology  Experimental priming of encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 cells requires pertussis toxin-driven IL-1β production by myeloid cells OPEN Francesca Ronchi, Camilla Basso, Silvia Preite, Andrea Reboldi, Dirk Baumjohann, Luana Perlini, Antonio Lanzavecchia and Federica Sallusto Pertussis toxin enhances the induction of autoreactive T cells in mouse models of autoimmunity. Here the authors show that stimulation of IL-1β production in myeloid cells by pertussis toxin is necessary to prime pathogenic Th1/Th17 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalopathy. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11541 Biological Sciences  Immunology  Flow cytometry combined with viSNE for the analysis of microbial biofilms and detection of microplastics OPEN Linn Sgier, Remo Freimann, Anze Zupanic and Alexandra Kroll The interpretation of high-dimensional flow cytometry data is difficult and time consuming. Here, Sgier et al. present an improved method that combines stain-free flow cytometry with viSNE data visualization for the analysis of microbial biofilms. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11587 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Ecology  Microbiology  Context-dependent switch in chemo/mechanotransduction via multilevel crosstalk among cytoskeleton-regulated MRTF and TAZ and TGFβ-regulated Smad3 OPEN Pam Speight, Michael Kofler, Katalin Szászi and András Kapus MRTF and TAZ are mechanosensitive transcriptional coactivators, but how they functionally interact is not clear. Here the authors show that MRFT and TAZ exhibit multilevel crosstalk in expression, transport and transcriptional activity; furthermore, TAZ confers sensitivity to TGFβ activation of the smooth muscle actin promoter. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11642 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Identification of proliferative progenitors associated with prominent postnatal growth of the pons OPEN Robert A. Lindquist, Cristina D. Guinto, Jose L. Rodas-Rodriguez, Luis C. Fuentealba, Matthew C. Tate, David H. Rowitch and Arturo Alvarez-Buylla Postnatal growth of the pons is not well characterized. Here the authors show that growth of the murine pons is fastest during postnatal day 0–4, a period preceding myelination, and is primarily driven by an expansion of the oligodendrocyte population that derive from Sox2+Olig2+ progenitors. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11628 Biological Sciences  Developmental biology  Neuroscience  Structure of human Cdc45 and implications for CMG helicase function OPEN Aline C. Simon, Vincenzo Sannino, Vincenzo Costanzo and Luca Pellegrini The cell cycle division protein Cdc45 is required for genome duplication in eukaryotes. Here, the authors determine the crystal structure of human Cdc45 and combine it with functional data to improve our understanding of its role in DNA replication. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11638 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Molecular biology  Blood coagulation factor XII drives adaptive immunity during neuroinflammation via CD87-mediated modulation of dendritic cells OPEN Kerstin Göbel, Susann Pankratz, Chloi-Magdalini Asaridou, Alexander M. Herrmann, Stefan Bittner, Monika Merker, Tobias Ruck, Sarah Glumm, Friederike Langhauser, Peter Kraft, Thorsten F. Krug, Johanna Breuer, Martin Herold, Catharina C. Gross, Denise Beckmann, Adelheid Korb-Pap, Michael K. Schuhmann, Stefanie Kuerten, Ioannis Mitroulis, Clemens Ruppert et al. Factor XII initiates the intrinsic blood coagulation cascade and the kinin system. Here the authors show that Factor XII is elevated in the blood of multiple sclerosis patients, activates dendritic cells via CD87 and cAMP, and its blockade inhibits immunopathology in a mouse model of the disease. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11626 Biological Sciences  Immunology  Medical research  Spin-texture inversion in the giant Rashba semiconductor BiTeI OPEN Henriette Maaß, Hendrik Bentmann, Christoph Seibel, Christian Tusche, Sergey V. Eremeev, Thiago R. F. Peixoto, Oleg E. Tereshchenko, Konstantin A. Kokh, Evgueni V. Chulkov, Jürgen Kirschner and Friedrich Reinert In semiconductors containing heavy elements, the Rashba spin-orbit interaction can couple the momentum and spin of electrons, yielding spintronic functionality. Here, the authors image band- and orbital-dependent spin-textures in the layered polar semiconductor BiTeI, demonstrating behaviour beyond the standard Rashba model. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11621 Physical Sciences  Applied physics  Condensed matter  Globally prevalent PfMDR1 mutations modulate Plasmodium falciparum susceptibility to artemisinin-based combination therapies OPEN M. Isabel Veiga, Satish K. Dhingra, Philipp P. Henrich, Judith Straimer, Nina Gnädig, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Rowena E. Martin, Adele M. Lehane and David A. Fidock Antimalarial chemotherapy relies on combination therapies (ACTs) consisting of an artemisinin derivative and a partner drug. Here, the authors study the effects of globally prevalent mutations in a multidrug resistance transporter (PfMDR1) on the parasite’s susceptibility to ACT drugs. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11553 Biological Sciences  Genetics  Microbiology  Cotton-textile-enabled flexible self-sustaining power packs via roll-to-roll fabrication OPEN Zan Gao, Clifton Bumgardner, Ningning Song, Yunya Zhang, Jingjing Li and Xiaodong Li Activated cotton textiles are promising for wearable energy storage due to their flexibility and high conductivity, but scalability is an issue. Here, the authors combine supercapacitors and solar cells on activated cotton textiles via scalable roll-to-roll assembly to make self-sustaining power packs. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11586 Chemical Sciences  Inorganic chemistry  Materials science  Mechanical slowing-down of cytoplasmic diffusion allows in vivo counting of proteins in individual cells OPEN Burak Okumus, Dirk Landgraf, Ghee Chuan Lai, Somenath Bakhsi, Juan Carlos Arias-Castro, Sadik Yildiz, Dann Huh, Raul Fernandez-Lopez, Celeste N. Peterson, Erdal Toprak, Meriem El Karoui and Johan Paulsson Several proteins are expressed at too low abundance in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) proteome to be detected by standard methods. Here, the authors create a microfluidics-based platform enabling single-molecule counting of low-abundance proteins by mechanically slowing-down their diffusion in live E. coli. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11641 Biological Sciences  Biophysics  Cell biology  Direct imaging of molecular symmetry by coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering OPEN Carsten Cleff, Alicja Gasecka, Patrick Ferrand, Hervé Rigneault, Sophie Brasselet and Julien Duboisset Coherent Raman imaging is a high fidelity technique to obtain chemical-sensitive images, however sub-diffraction molecular organization information is still missing. Here, the authors exploit molecular bond symmetries to access the microscopic organization of molecules in a single image acquisition. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11562 Physical Sciences  Applied physics  Optical physics  Physical chemistry  Structural basis for haem piracy from host haemopexin by Haemophilus influenzae OPEN Silvia Zambolin, Bernard Clantin, Mohamed Chami, Sylviane Hoos, Ahmed Haouz, Vincent Villeret and Philippe Delepelaire Haemophilus influenzae requires haem, and acquires it from host haemoproteins including haemopexin. Here, the authors examine the haem transport system consisting of HxuA, HxuB and HxuC via the structures of HxuA in complex with haemopexin. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11590 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Microbiology  Fitness consequences of artificial selection on relative male genital size OPEN Isobel Booksmythe, Megan L. Head, J. Scott Keogh and Michael D. Jennions Within species, there tends to be a tight relationship between genital size and body size, suggesting strong stabilizing selection. Here, Booksmythe et al. artificially select relative genital size in mosquitofish and find that novel genital size-body size combinations do not lead to expected fitness reductions. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11597 Biological Sciences  Ecology  Evolution  Zoology  Macrophage ABHD5 promotes colorectal cancer growth by suppressing spermidine production by SRM OPEN Hongming Miao, Juanjuan Ou, Yuan Peng, Xuan Zhang, Yujuan Chen, Lijun Hao, Ganfeng Xie, Zhe Wang, Xueli Pang, Zhihua Ruan, Jianjun Li, Liqing Yu, Bingzhong Xue, Hang Shi, Chunmeng Shi and Houjie Liang ABHD5 is a co-activator of lipolysis. Here the authors show that in tumour-associated macrophages ABHD5 inhibits ROS-dependent induction of C/EBPɛ, which transcriptionally activates spermidine synthase, and that blocking ABHD5 delays colorectal cancer growth in mice by inhibiting spermidine production. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11716 Biological Sciences  Cancer  Immunology  Alanine aminotransferase controls seed dormancy in barley OPEN Kazuhiro Sato, Miki Yamane, Nami Yamaji, Hiroyuki Kanamori, Akemi Tagiri, Julian G. Schwerdt, Geoffrey B. Fincher, Takashi Matsumoto, Kazuyoshi Takeda and Takao Komatsuda Seed dormancy allows wild barley grains to survive dry summers in the Near East but has been selected against for industrial applications such as beer and whisky production that require quicker germination. Here Sato et al. show that Qsd1 is a major seed dormancy gene in barley and encodes an alanine aminotransferase. 18 May 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms11625 Biological Sciences  Genetics  Plant sciences    Nature Communications JOBS of the week PhD Student German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). 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