Nature Chemical Biology Contents: May 2016, Volume 12 No 5 pp 305 - 379

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Advertisement nature.com webcasts Nature Publishing Group presents a custom webcast on: Nutrition and brain health Wednesday May 18, 2016 at 8AM PDT, 11AM EDT, 4PM BST, 5PM CEST Register for the webcast and live Q&A session  Access the accompanying Nature Outlook on Cognitive Health - free online Sponsored by: Nestlé   TABLE OF CONTENTS May 2016 Volume 12, Issue 5 Research Highlights News and Views Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement NPG Asia Materials is proud to present a web focus on Magnetic materials for spintronic devices. This web focus features a selection of articles that are related to magnetic materials for potential application in magnetoelectronic and spintronic devices. Such materials include artificial multiferroics, half metallic Heusler alloys, topological insulators, Dirac semimetals, manganites, nanofibers, and spin wave materials, as well as molecular interfaces.  Access the Web Focus today!   Advertisement Discovery and technology for human health  Now open for submissions Straddling the life sciences, the physical sciences and engineering, Nature Biomedical Engineering will publish — weekly and online-only — biological, medical and engineering advances that can directly inspire or lead to improvements in human health or healthcare.    Research Highlights Top Kinase regulation: Shortening the loop | Protein synthesis: Taming transmembrane proteins | RNA trafficking: RCas9 lights the way | Inflammation: Dietary stress relief News and Views Top Optoepigenetics: An acetylation photoswitch   pp306 - 307 Andreas S Madsen and Christian A Olsen doi:10.1038/nchembio.2049 Histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) levels were modulated by photoresponsive histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to perturb the transcription of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and mitochondrial function. See also: Article by Reis et al. Oxidative stress: Bioplastic hydroxyl radical trapping   pp307 - 308 Joris Messens doi:10.1038/nchembio.2058 The hydroxyl radical is the reactive oxygen species most cytotoxic to cells. A bioplastic-based hydroxyl radical scavenger that is more efficient than glutathione and vitamin C has been found to be produced by bacteria, adding an interesting twist to the story of oxidative stress defense by intracellular pathogens. See also: Article by Koskimaki et al. Immunology: JAK3 inhibition—is it sufficient?   pp308 - 310 Warren J Leonard, Suman Mitra and Jian-Xin Lin doi:10.1038/nchembio.2066 A highly selective JAK3 inhibitor with subnanomolar potency has been used to identify two waves of STAT5 phosphorylation in response to IL-2. This reveals a biphasic role for JAK3 catalytic activity in IL-2-mediated signaling that has therapeutic implications. See also: Article by Smith et al. Chemical Biology JOBS of the week Investigator III or Senior Investigator, Chemical Biology Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Postdoctoral position in Chemical and Structural Biology of RNA The Scripps Research Institute Postdoctoral Position Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Postdoctoral Research Assistant University of Dundee More Science jobs from Chemical Biology EVENT Chemical Biology Approaches to Assessing and Modulating Mitochondria 26- 27 September 2016 Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom More science events from Articles Top Transcriptome-wide mapping reveals reversible and dynamic N1-methyladenosine methylome   pp311 - 316 Xiaoyu Li, Xushen Xiong, Kun Wang, Lixia Wang, Xiaoting Shu et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2040 A method called m1A-ID-seq, which involves antibody enrichment and reverse transcriptase-based sequencing of N1-methyladenosine (m1A) RNA modifications, reveals that m1A is a reversible mRNA modification that is abundant in the 5[prime] UTRs of human genes. Light-controlled modulation of gene expression by chemical optoepigenetic probes   pp317 - 323 Surya A Reis, Balaram Ghosh, J Adam Hendricks, D Miklos Szantai-Kis, Lisa Tork et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2042 An approach called chemo-optical modulation of epigenetically regulated transcription (COMET) combines azobenzene-based photochromic HDAC inhibitors with microprocessor-controlled LED plates to regulate gene expression profiles in a light-dependent manner. Chemical compounds See also: News and Views by Madsen & Olsen Probes of ubiquitin E3 ligases enable systematic dissection of parkin activation   pp324 - 331 Kuan-Chuan Pao, Mathew Stanley, Cong Han, Yu-Chiang Lai, Paul Murphy et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2045 Probes of E3 ligase transthiolation activity reveal the hierarchy of phosphorylation events leading to cellular parkin activation and show that disease-linked parkin mutants have impaired transthiolation activity. Chemical compounds Methyl-esterified 3-hydroxybutyrate oligomers protect bacteria from hydroxyl radicals   pp332 - 338 Janne J Koskimaki, Marena Kajula, Juho Hokkanen, Emmi-Leena Ihantola, Jong H Kim et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2043 Methylobacterium extorquens living in shoots and roots of Pinus sylvestris expresses poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthase and PHB depolymerase to generate methyl-esterified dimers and trimers of 3-hydroxybutyrate that greatly increase bacterial tolerance to host-induced oxidative stress. See also: News and Views by Messens Exploiting nongenetic cell-to-cell variation for enhanced biosynthesis   pp339 - 344 Yi Xiao, Christopher H Bowen, Di Liu and Fuzhong Zhang doi:10.1038/nchembio.2046 An approach termed in vivo population quality control, which is coordinated by a metabolite biosensor-survival gene circuit, takes advantage of cell-to-cell variation to optimize production of selected metabolites in isogenic Escherichia coli cultures. Malic enzyme tracers reveal hypoxia-induced switch in adipocyte NADPH pathway usage   pp345 - 352 Ling Liu, Supriya Shah, Jing Fan, Junyoung O Park, Kathryn E Wellen et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2047 The development of metabolic tracers reveals that malic enzyme is the main contributor of NADPH production in differentiating adipocytes. During hypoxic conditions, the source of NADPH shifts to the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Steric trapping reveals a cooperativity network in the intramembrane protease GlpG   pp353 - 360 Ruiqiong Guo, Kristen Gaffney, Zhongyu Yang, Miyeon Kim, Suttipun Sungsuwan et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2048 A steric trapping method for monitoring membrane protein folding under native conditions shows an expanded unfolded state of the GlpG intramembrane protease and identifies a network of cooperative interactions at side chain resolution for maintaining its stability. Chemical compounds Parallel shRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 screens enable antiviral drug target identification   pp361 - 366 Richard M Deans, David W Morgens, Ayse Okesli, Sirika Pillay, Max A Horlbeck et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2050 A combination of shRNA- and CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing screens, corroborated by a metabolite suppression experiment identifies the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) as the target of the broad-spectrum antiviral compound GSK983. Chemical compounds AIG1 and ADTRP are atypical integral membrane hydrolases that degrade bioactive FAHFAs   pp367 - 372 William H Parsons, Matthew J Kolar, Siddhesh S Kamat, Armand B Cognetta III, Jonathan J Hulce et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2051 Activity-based protein profiling identifies AIG1 and ADTRPP as transmembrane threonine hydrolases with substrates that include several fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids (FAHFAs). New inhibitors of these enzymes inhibit FAHFA hydrolysis. Chemical compounds Essential biphasic role for JAK3 catalytic activity in IL-2 receptor signaling   pp373 - 379 Geoffrey A Smith, Kenji Uchida, Arthur Weiss and Jack Taunton doi:10.1038/nchembio.2056 The use of a selective JAK3 covalent inhibitor reveals two distinct temporal waves of STAT5 phosphorylation. The inhibitor more potently targets the second wave, which is required for cell cycle progression and T cell proliferation. Chemical compounds See also: News and Views by Leonard et al. Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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