Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 2 February 2016

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02 February 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Nature Insight Frontiers in Biology This year's Frontiers in Biology Insight features Reviews on the processes that underlie metastasis, the positive influence of inflammation on tissue repair, the role of endothelial cells in organ development, growth and regeneration, the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and its contribution to disease, and antibiotic resistance.                 Biological Sciences               Sustainable biorefining in wastewater by engineered extreme alkaliphile Bacillus marmarensis ▶     David G. Wernick, Sammy P. Pontrelli, Alexander W. Pollock et al.     Contamination susceptibility, water usage, and inability to utilize 5-carbon sugars and disaccharides are among the major obstacles in industrialization of sustainable …             Precursor and mature NGF live tracking: one versus many at a time in the axons ▶     Teresa De Nadai, Laura Marchetti, Carmine Di Rienzo et al.     The classical view of nerve growth factor (NGF) action in the nervous system is linked to its retrograde axonal transport. However, almost nothing is known on the trafficking …             ADAR1 Suppresses the Activation of Cytosolic RNA-Sensing Signaling Pathways to Protect the Liver from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury ▶     Hui Wang, Guoliang Wang, Liyong Zhang et al.     Excessive inflammation resulting from activation of the innate immune system significantly contributes to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Inflammatory reactions in both IRI …             Inferring the Dynamics of Effective Population Size Using Autosomal Genomes ▶     Zheng Hou, Yin Luo, Zhisheng Wang et al.     Next-generation sequencing technology has provided a great opportunity for inferring human demographic history by investigating changes in the effective population size (Ne). In …             Singlet oxygen production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under heat stress ▶     Ankush Prasad, Ursula Ferretti, Michaela Sedlářová et al.     In the current study, singlet oxygen formation by lipid peroxidation induced by heat stress (40 °C) was studied in vivo in unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. …             Fifteen new earthworm mitogenomes shed new light on phylogeny within the Pheretima complex ▶     Liangliang Zhang, Pierfrancesco Sechi, Minglong Yuan et al.     The Pheretima complex within the Megascolecidae family is a major earthworm group. Recently, the systematic status of the Pheretima complex based on morphology was challenged by …             Genetic Variations of NLR family genes in Behcet’s Disease ▶     Lin Li, Hongsong Yu, Yanni Jiang et al.     This study aimed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of five NLR family genes (NOD1, NOD2, NLRP1, NLRP3 and CIITA) are associated with Behcet’s disease …             Loop replacements with gut-binding peptides in Cry1Ab domain II enhanced toxicity against the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ▶     Ensi Shao, Li Lin, Chen Chen et al.     Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins have been used widely in pest managements. However, Cry toxins are not effective against sap-sucking insects (Hemiptera), which limits the …             Seasonal induction of alternative principal pathway for rose flower scent ▶     Hiroshi Hirata, Toshiyuki Ohnishi, Kensuke Tomida et al.     Ecological adaptations to seasonal changes are often observed in the phenotypic traits of plants and animals, and these adaptations are usually expressed through the production …             Subgroup J avian leukosis virus infection of chicken dendritic cells induces apoptosis via the aberrant expression of microRNAs ▶     Di Liu, Manman Dai, Xu Zhang et al.     Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is an oncogenic retrovirus that causes immunosuppression and enhances susceptibility to secondary infection. The innate immune system is …             Phosphorylation of serine residue modulates cotton Di19-1 and Di19-2 activities for responding to high salinity stress and abscisic acid signaling ▶     Li-Xia Qin, Xiao-Ying Nie, Rong Hu et al.     Di19 (drought-induced protein 19) family is a novel type of Cys2/His2 zinc-finger proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that cotton Di19-1 and Di19-2 (GhDi19-1/-2) proteins …             Dusky-like is required for epidermal pigmentation and metamorphosis in Tribolium castaneum ▶     Chengjun Li, Xiaopei Yun, Bin Li     Dusky-like (Dyl) is associated with the morphogenesis of embryonic denticle, adult sensory bristle and wing hair in Drosophila melanogaster. And whether Dyl involved in insect …             Altered rainfall patterns increase forb abundance and richness in native tallgrass prairie ▶     Sydney K. Jones, Scott L. Collins, John M. Blair et al.     Models predict that precipitation variability will increase with climate change. We used a 15-year precipitation manipulation experiment to determine if altering the timing and …             Cell wall as a target for bacteria inactivation by pulsed electric fields ▶     Flavien Pillet, Cécile Formosa-Dague, Houda Baaziz et al.     The integrity and morphology of bacteria is sustained by the cell wall, the target of the main microbial inactivation processes. One promising approach to inactivation is based …             Broad and potent antiviral activity of the NAE inhibitor MLN4924 ▶     Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling, Dominik A. Megger, Benjamin Katschinski et al.     In terms of infected human individuals, herpesviruses range among the most successful virus families. Subclinical herpesviral infections in healthy individuals contrast with …             Modulation of IL-1β reprogrammes the tumor microenvironment to interrupt oral carcinogenesis ▶     Tong Wu, Yun Hong, Lihua Jia et al.     Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development is a multistage process includes the normal, dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) stages. Recently, increasing …             Bt proteins Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab do not affect cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and ladybeetle Propylea japonica ▶     Yao Zhao, Shuai Zhang, Jun-Yu Luo et al.     Plant varieties expressing the Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) insecticidal proteins Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab have potential commercialization prospects in China. However, their potential …             Huaier extract suppresses breast cancer via regulating tumor-associated macrophages ▶     Yaming Li, Wenwen Qi, Xiaojin Song et al.     Macrophages in tumor microenvironment are mostly M2-polarized - and have been reported to promote tumorigenesis, which are also defined as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). …             Study design requirements for RNA sequencing-based breast cancer diagnostics ▶     Arvind Singh Mer, Daniel Klevebring, Henrik Grönberg et al.     Sequencing-based molecular characterization of tumors provides information required for individualized cancer treatment. There are well-defined molecular subtypes of breast …             Short-term memory trace mediated by termination kinetics of olfactory receptor ▶     Sean Michael Boyle, Shane McInally, Sana Tharadra et al.     Odorants activate receptors in the peripheral olfactory neurons, which sends information to higher brain centers where behavioral valence is determined. Movement and airflow …             The Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Hamamelitannin Increases Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms by Affecting Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis and eDNA Release ▶     Gilles Brackman, Koen Breyne, Riet De Rycke et al.     Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections has become increasingly challenging due to the rapid emergence and dissemination of methicillin-resistant strains. In addition, S. …             Corticotropin releasing factor excites neurons of posterior hypothalamic nucleus to produce tachycardia in rats ▶     He-Ren Gao, Qian-Xing Zhuang, Bin Li et al.     Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), a peptide hormone involved in the stress response, holds a key position in cardiovascular regulation. Here, we report that the central …             ClC-7 Deficiency Impairs Tooth Development and Eruption ▶     He Wang, Meng Pan, Jinwen Ni et al.     CLCN7 gene encodes the voltage gated chloride channel 7 (ClC-7) in humans. The mutations in CLCN7 have been associated with osteopetrosis in connection to the abnormal …             Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus does not fix nitrogen ▶     Drew MacKellar, Lucas Lieber, Jeffrey S. Norman et al.     Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus UBT1 has been described as a moderately thermophilic chemolithoautotroph with a novel nitrogenase enzyme that is oxygen-insensitive. We have …             Characterization of Cyclooxygenase-2 and its induction pathways in response to high lipid diet-induced inflammation in Larmichthys crocea ▶     Tianjiao Wang, Jing Yan, Wei Xu et al.     The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of a high-lipid diet (HLD) on cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 expression and the signalling pathways related to low-grade …             miR-150 regulates obesity-associated insulin resistance by controlling B cell functions ▶     Wei Ying, Alexander Tseng, Richard Cheng-An Chang et al.     Adipose tissue resident B cells account for more than 20% of stromal cells within visceral adipose tissues; however, their functions in the adipose tissue niche are poorly …             Neonatal imitation and early social experience predict gaze following abilities in infant monkeys ▶     Elizabeth A. Simpson, Grace M. Miller, Pier F. Ferrari et al.     Individuals vary in their social skills and motivation, the causes of which remain largely unknown. Here we investigated whether an individual’s propensity to interact with …             Immunoglobulin G Expression in Human Sperm and Possible Functional Significance ▶     Meiling Yan, Xiaoyu Zhang, Qinxue Pu et al.     Immunoglobulin G (IgG), the major molecule of the immune system, which was traditionally thought to be produced by differentiated B-lymphocytes, had recently been found in …             Using national movement databases to help inform responses to swine disease outbreaks in Scotland: the impact of uncertainty around incursion time ▶     Thibaud Porphyre, Lisa A. Boden, Carla Correia-Gomes et al.     Modelling is an important component of contingency planning and control of disease outbreaks. Dynamic network models are considered more useful than static models because they …             mTOR masters monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mice with allografts or tumors ▶     Tingting Wu, Yang Zhao, Hao Wang et al.     CD11b+ Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play critical roles in controlling the processes of tumors, infections, autoimmunity and graft rejection. Immunosuppressive …             Glutamatergic axon-derived BDNF controls GABAergic synaptic differentiation in the cerebellum ▶     Albert I. Chen, Keling Zang, Eliezer Masliah et al.     To study mechanisms that regulate the construction of inhibitory circuits, we examined the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the assembly of GABAergic …             Combined local and systemic immunization is essential for durable T-cell mediated heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A virus ▶     Ida E. M. Uddback, Line M. I. Pedersen, Sara R. Pedersen et al.     The threat from unpredictable influenza virus pandemics necessitates the development of a new type of influenza vaccine. Since the internal proteins are highly conserved, …             Impact of external medium conductivity on cell membrane electropermeabilization by microsecond and nanosecond electric pulses ▶     Aude Silve, Isabelle Leray, Clair Poignard et al.     The impact of external medium conductivity on the efficiency of the reversible permeabilisation caused by pulsed electric fields was investigated. Pulses of 12 ns, 102 ns or …             Gene profiling of embryonic skeletal muscle lacking type I ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel ▶     Dilyana Filipova, Anna M. Walter, John A. Gaspar et al.     In mature skeletal muscle, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration rises dramatically upon membrane depolarization, constituting the link between excitation and contraction. This …             Resveratrol analogue 4,4′-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene potently inhibits cancer invasion and metastasis ▶     Monica Savio, Daniela Ferraro, Cristina Maccario et al.     We investigated the preventive effects of resveratrol analogue 4,4′-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (DHS) on cancer invasion and metastasis. Two different in vivo approaches of mouse …             Histone deacetylase 1 is required for the development of the zebrafish inner ear ▶     Yingzi He, Dongmei Tang, Wenyan Li et al.     Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) has been reported to be important for multiple aspects of normal embryonic development, but little is known about its function in the development of …             Structural and functional attributes of malaria parasite diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase ▶     Arvind Sharma, Manickam Yogavel, Amit Sharma     Malaria symptoms are driven by periodic multiplication cycles of Plasmodium parasites in human red blood corpuscles (RBCs). Malaria infection still accounts for ~600,000 annual …             Vagus Nerve Stimulation Improves Cardiac Function by Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Obese-Insulin Resistant Rats ▶     Bencharunan Samniang, Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn, Titikorn Chunchai et al.     Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption leads to not only obese-insulin resistance, but also impaired left ventricular (LV) function. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been …             Monocular perceptual learning of contrast detection facilitates binocular combination in adults with anisometropic amblyopia ▶     Zidong Chen, Jinrong Li, Jing Liu et al.     Perceptual learning in contrast detection improves monocular visual function in adults with anisometropic amblyopia; however, its effect on binocular combination remains unknown. …             Ru(bpy)32+/nanoporous silver-based electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for alpha fetoprotein enhanced by gold nanoparticles decorated black carbon intercalated reduced graphene oxide ▶     Wenjuan Zhu, Xiaohui Lv, Qi Wang et al.     A highly sensitive sandwich-type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was proposed for the quantitative determination of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) using gold nanoparticles …             Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3′-sulfo-lactose, and 2′-fucosyllactose ▶     Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene, Hakon Leffler, Ulf J. Nilsson et al.     Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin with two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD). Galectin-4 is expressed mainly in the alimentary tract and is proposed to …             SncRNA (microRNA & snoRNA) opposite expression pattern found in multiple sclerosis relapse and remission is sex dependent ▶     Maider Muñoz-Culla, Haritz Irizar, Matías Sáenz-Cuesta et al.     Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory and degenerative disease that causes neurological disability. It affects young adults and its prevalence is higher in women. The …             Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) water extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes ▶     Kai Kai Li, Chuek Lun Liu, Hoi Ting Shiu et al.     Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) is a naturally decaffeinated tea plant. Previously we found that cocoa tea demonstrated a beneficial effect against high-fat diet induced …             Enhanced waste activated sludge digestion using a submerged anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor: performance, sludge characteristics and microbial community ▶     Hongguang Yu, Zhiwei Wang, Zhichao Wu et al.     Anaerobic digestion (AD) plays an important role in waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment; however, conventional AD (CAD) process needs substantial improvements, especially for …             Reversible cardiac hypertrophy induced by PEG-coated gold nanoparticles in mice ▶     Chengzhi Yang, Aiju Tian, Zijian Li     Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are attracting more and more attention for their great potential value in biomedical application. Currently, no study has been reported on the chronic …             Proteome-wide survey of the autoimmune target repertoire in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 ▶     Nils Landegren, Donald Sharon, Eva Freyhult et al.     Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a monogenic disorder that features multiple autoimmune disease manifestations. It is caused by mutations in the Autoimmune …             In vivo longitudinal study of rodent skeletal muscle atrophy using ultrasonography ▶     Antonietta Mele, Adriano Fonzino, Francesco Rana et al.     Muscle atrophy is a widespread ill condition occurring in many diseases, which can reduce quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality. We developed a new method using …             Targeting miR-155 to Treat Experimental Scleroderma ▶     Qingran Yan, Jie Chen, Wei Li et al.     Scleroderma is a refractory autoimmune skin fibrotic disorder. Alterations of microRNAs in lesional skin could be a new approach to treating the disease. Here, we found that …             Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Cotinine Levels in Cigarette Smokers Identifies Locus at 4q13.2 ▶     Jennifer J. Ware, Xiangning Chen, Jacqueline Vink et al.     Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of complex behavioural phenotypes such as cigarette smoking typically employ self-report phenotypes. However, precise biomarker phenotypes …             Serum Adipsin Levels throughout Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia ▶     Natalia E. Poveda, María F. Garcés, Carlos E. Ruiz-Linares et al.     Adipsin is a protease produced at high levels by adipose tissue. It is involved in complement activation and metabolic control. The objective of this study was to determine the …             Individual and population-level responses to ocean acidification ▶     Ben P. Harvey, Niall J. McKeown, Samuel P. S. Rastrick et al.     Ocean acidification is predicted to have detrimental effects on many marine organisms and ecological processes. Despite growing evidence for direct impacts on specific species, …             Erratum: Investigation of the fatty acid transporter-encoding genes SLC27A3 and SLC27A4 in autism ▶     Motoko Maekawa, Yoshimi Iwayama, Tetsuo Ohnishi et al.                 Muscle contraction phenotypic analysis enabled by optogenetics reveals functional relationships of sarcomere components in Caenorhabditis elegans ▶     Hyundoo Hwang, Dawn E. Barnes, Yohei Matsunaga et al.     The sarcomere, the fundamental unit of muscle contraction, is a highly-ordered complex of hundreds of proteins. Despite decades of genetics work, the functional relationships and …             Boolean Models of Biological Processes Explain Cascade-Like Behavior ▶     Hao Chen, Guanyu Wang, Rahul Simha et al.     Biological networks play a key role in determining biological function and therefore, an understanding of their structure and dynamics is of central interest in systems biology. …             Corrigendum: Epidemiology study of HBV genotypes and antiviral drug resistance in multi-ethnic regions from Western China ▶     Qi Zhang, Yun Liao, Jie Chen et al.                 Structure of a variable lymphocyte receptor-like protein from the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae ▶     Dong-Dong Cao, Xin Liao, Wang Cheng et al.     Discovery of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) in agnathans (jawless fish) has brought the origin of adaptive immunity system (AIS) forward to 500 million years ago …             Camouflage predicts survival in ground-nesting birds ▶     Jolyon Troscianko, Jared Wilson-Aggarwal, Martin Stevens et al.     Evading detection by predators is crucial for survival. Camouflage is therefore a widespread adaptation, but despite substantial research effort our understanding of different …             Erratum: Dynamic changes in host gene expression associated with H5N8 avian influenza virus infection in mice ▶     Su-Jin Park, Mukesh Kumar, Hyeok-il Kwon et al.                 Structural basis for the recognition of two consecutive mutually interacting DPF motifs by the SGIP1 μ homology domain ▶     Atsushi Shimada, Atsuko Yamaguchi, Daisuke Kohda     FCHo1, FCHo2, and SGIP1 are key regulators of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Their μ homology domains (μHDs) interact with the C-terminal region of an endocytic scaffold protein, …             Characterization of Actin Filament Dynamics during Mitosis in Wheat Protoplasts under UV-B Radiation ▶     Huize Chen, Rong Han     Enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is caused by the thinning ozone and affects photosynthesis and crop yield. Recently, UV-B radiation has been considered as an …             At least two Fc Neu5Gc residues of monoclonal antibodies are required for binding to anti-Neu5Gc antibody ▶     Chuanfei Yu, Kai Gao, Lei Zhu et al.     Two non-human glycan epitopes, galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) and Neu5Gc-α-2-6-galactose (Neu5Gc) have been shown to be antigenic when attached to Fab oligosaccharides of …             Interplay between type IV pili activity and exopolysaccharides secretion controls motility patterns in single cells of Myxococcus xanthus ▶     Wei Hu, Maxsim L. Gibiansky, Jing Wang et al.     Myxococcus xanthus performs coordinated social motility of cell groups through the extension and retraction of type IV pili (TFP) on solid surfaces, which requires both TFP and …             Analyses of Long Non-Coding RNA and mRNA profiling using RNA sequencing during the pre-implantation phases in pig endometrium ▶     Yueying Wang, Songyi Xue, Xiaoran Liu et al.     Establishment of implantation in pig is accompanied by a coordinated interaction between the maternal uterine endometrium and conceptus development. We investigated the …             Lower attention to daily environment: a novel cue for detecting chronic horses’ back pain? ▶     C. Rochais, C. Fureix, C. Lesimple et al.     Chronic pain is thought to affect patients’ cognitive functioning, including attention. Loss of attention is likely to have an impact on the execution of daily tasks, and, …             Naturally occurring proteinaceous nanoparticles in Coptidis Rhizoma extract act as concentration-dependent carriers that facilitate berberine absorption ▶     Bing-Liang Ma, Chun Yin, Bo-Kai Zhang et al.     Pharmacological activities of some natural products diminish and even disappear after purification. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the decrease of acute …             Translation Microscopy (TRAM) for super-resolution imaging ▶     Zhen Qiu, Rhodri S Wilson, Yuewei Liu et al.     Super-resolution microscopy is transforming our understanding of biology but accessibility is limited by its technical complexity, high costs and the requirement for bespoke …             New α-glucosidase inhibitors from marine algae-derived Streptomyces sp. OUCMDZ-3434 ▶     Zhengbo Chen, Jiejie Hao, Liping Wang et al.     Wailupemycins H (1) and I (2) with a new skeleton coupled two 6-(2-phenylnaphthalene-1-yl)pyrane-2-one nuclei to a –CH2– linkage were identified from the culture of Streptomyces …             Very-low and low-density lipoproteins induce neutral lipid accumulation and impair migration in monocyte subsets ▶     William D. Jackson, Tobias W. Weinrich, Kevin J. Woollard     Blood monocytes are heterogeneous effector cells of the innate immune system. In circulation these cells are constantly in contact with lipid-rich lipoproteins, yet this …             Acetylome analysis reveals the involvement of lysine acetylation in biosynthesis of antibiotics in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ▶     Lin Liu, Guangyuan Wang, Limin Song et al.     Lysine acetylation is a major post-translational modification that plays an important regulatory role in almost every aspects in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Bacillus …             Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) ▶     Maximiliano M. Maronna, Thaís P. Miranda, Álvaro L. Peña Cantero et al.     Leptothecata are hydrozoans whose hydranths are covered by perisarc and gonophores and whose medusae bear gonads on their radial canals. They develop complex polypoid colonies …             Transition metal-free intramolecular regioselective couplings of aliphatic and aromatic C-H bonds ▶     Hua Tian, Haijun Yang, Changjin Zhu et al.     Cross-dehydrogenative couplings of two different C-H bonds have emerged as an attractive goal in organic synthesis. However, achieving regioselective C-H activation is a great …             Six3 regulates optic nerve development via multiple mechanisms ▶     Anat Samuel, Ariel M. Rubinstein, Tehila T. Azar et al.     Malformations of the optic nerve lead to reduced vision or even blindness. During optic nerve development, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons navigate across the retina, exit the …             Direct flow cytometry measurements reveal a fine-tuning of symbiotic cell dynamics according to the host developmental needs in aphid symbiosis ▶     Pierre Simonet, Gabrielle Duport, Karen Gaget et al.     Endosymbiotic associations constitute a driving force in the ecological and evolutionary diversification of metazoan organisms. Little is known about whether and how symbiotic …             Crim1 has cell-autonomous and paracrine roles during embryonic heart development ▶     Swati Iyer, Fang Yu Chou, Richard Wang et al.     The epicardium has a critical role during embryonic development, contributing epicardium-derived lineages to the heart, as well as providing regulatory and trophic signals …             The β2 clamp in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA polymerase III αβ2ε replicase promotes polymerization and reduces exonuclease activity ▶     Shoujin Gu, Wenjuan Li, Hongtai Zhang et al.     DNA polymerase III (DNA pol III) is a multi-subunit replication machine responsible for the accurate and rapid replication of bacterial genomes, however, how it functions in …             Group A Streptococcus exploits human plasminogen for bacterial translocation across epithelial barrier via tricellular tight junctions ▶     Tomoko Sumitomo, Masanobu Nakata, Miharu Higashino et al.     Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human-specific pathogen responsible for local suppurative and life-threatening invasive systemic diseases. Interaction of GAS with human …             Normothermic Mouse Functional MRI of Acute Focal Thermostimulation for Probing Nociception ▶     Henning Matthias Reimann, Jan Hentschel, Jaroslav Marek et al.     Combining mouse genomics and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a promising tool to unravel the molecular mechanisms of chronic pain. Probing murine …             White-nose syndrome without borders: Pseudogymnoascus destructans infection tolerated in Europe and Palearctic Asia but not in North America ▶     Jan Zukal, Hana Bandouchova, Jiri Brichta et al.     A striking feature of white-nose syndrome, a fungal infection of hibernating bats, is the difference in infection outcome between North America and Europe. Here we show high WNS …             A novel NF-κB/YY1/microRNA-10a regulatory circuit in fibroblast-like synoviocytes regulates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis ▶     Nan Mu, Jintao Gu, Tonglie Huang et al.     The main etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is overexpressed inflammatory cytokines and tissue injury mediated by persistent NF-κB activation. MicroRNAs widely …             E. coli metabolic protein aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase-E binds to the ribosome: a unique moonlighting action revealed ▶     Manidip Shasmal, Sandip Dey, Tanvir R. Shaikh et al.     It is becoming increasingly evident that a high degree of regulation is involved in the protein synthesis machinery entailing more interacting regulatory factors. A multitude of …             Matrix metalloproteinase 12 modulates high-fat-diet induced glomerular fibrogenesis and inflammation in a mouse model of obesity ▶     Honglin Niu, Ying Li, Haibin Li et al.     Obesity-induced kidney injury contributes to albuminuria, which is characterized by a progressive decline in renal function leading to glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis. …             Towards a novel bioelectrocatalytic platform based on “wiring” of pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase with an electrospun conductive polymeric fiber architecture ▶     Johannes Gladisch, David Sarauli, Daniel Schäfer et al.     Electrospinning is known as a fabrication technique for electrode architectures that serve as immobilization matrices for biomolecules. The current work demonstrates a novel …             Mitochondrial Dysfunction may explain symptom variation in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome ▶     Richard E. Frye, Devin Cox, John Slattery et al.     Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS), which is defined by a deletion within 22q13, demonstrates significant phenotypic variation. Given that six mitochondrial genes are located within …             Expression of programmed death ligand-1 on tumor cells varies pre and post chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer ▶     Jin Sheng, Wenfeng Fang, Juan Yu et al.     The effects of treatments to programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on …             Donor-derived exosomes induce specific regulatory T cells to suppress immune inflammation in the allograft heart ▶     Jiangping Song, Jie Huang, Xiao Chen et al.     To inhibit the immune inflammation in the allografts can be beneficial to organ transplantation. This study aims to induce the donor antigen specific regulatory T cells (Treg …             The effects of URAT1/SLC22A12 nonfunctional variants,R90H and W258X, on serum uric acid levels and gout/hyperuricemia progression ▶     Masayuki Sakiyama, Hirotaka Matsuo, Seiko Shimizu et al.     Urate transporter 1 (URAT1/SLC22A12), a urate transporter gene, is a causative gene for renal hypouricemia type 1. Among several reported nonsynonymous URAT1 variants, R90H …             Conformational Dynamics, Ligand Binding and Effects of Mutations in NirE an S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Dependent Methyltransferase ▶     Warispreet Singh, Tatyana G. Karabencheva-Christova, Gary W. Black et al.     Heme d1, a vital tetrapyrrol involved in the denitrification processes is synthesized from its precursor molecule precorrin-2 in a chemical reaction catalysed by an …             The aberrantly expressed miR-193b-3p contributes to preeclampsia through regulating transforming growth factor-β signaling ▶     Xinyao Zhou, Qiaoli Li, Jiawei Xu et al.     Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Several studies have detected some differentially expressed microRNAs in the preeclamptic placenta, but few …             Capturing the wide variety of impaired fracture healing phenotypes in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with eight key factors: a computational study ▶     A. Carlier, H. Brems, J. M. A. Ashbourn et al.     Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare disease which normally presents itself during early childhood by anterolateral bowing of the tibia and spontaneous tibial …             X-Linked Retinoschisis: Phenotypic Variability in a Chinese Family ▶     Yangyan Xiao, Xiao Liu, Luosheng Tang et al.     X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS), a leading cause of juvenile macular degeneration, is characterized by a spoke-wheel pattern in the macular region of the retina and …             High dose CD11c-driven IL15 is sufficient to drive NK cell maturation and anti-tumor activity in a trans-presentation independent manner ▶     Julia K. Polansky, Rajia Bahri, Mylene Divivier et al.     The common gamma (γc)-chain cytokine interleukin 15 (IL15) is a multifunctional immune-modulator which impacts the generation, maturation and activity of many cell types of the …             Quantitative Analysis of Global Proteome and Lysine Acetylome Reveal the Differential Impacts of VPA and SAHA on HL60 Cells ▶     Xiaoyu Zhu, Xin Liu, Zhongyi Cheng et al.     Valproic acid (VPA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) are both HDAC inhibitors (HDACi). Previous studies indicated that both inhibitors show therapeutic effects on acute …             Kallikrein-related peptidase 8 is expressed in myocardium and induces cardiac hypertrophy ▶     Buqing Cao, Qing Yu, Wei Zhao et al.     The tissue kallikrein-related peptidase family (KLK) is a group of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases that share a similar homology to parent tissue kallikrein …             Constructal approach to cell membranes transport: Amending the ‘Norton-Simon’ hypothesis for cancer treatment ▶     Umberto Lucia, Antonio Ponzetto, Thomas S. Deisboeck     To investigate biosystems, we propose a new thermodynamic concept that analyses ion, mass and energy flows across the cell membrane. This paradigm-shifting approach has a wide …             Allosteric Pathways in the PPARγ-RXRα nuclear receptor complex ▶     Clarisse G. Ricci, Rodrigo L. Silveira, Ivan Rivalta et al.     Understanding the nature of allostery in DNA-nuclear receptor (NR) complexes is of fundamental importance for drug development since NRs regulate the transcription of a myriad of …             Uricase alkaline enzymosomes with enhanced stabilities and anti-hyperuricemia effects induced by favorable microenvironmental changes ▶     Yunli Zhou, Mi Zhang, Dan He et al.     Enzyme therapy is an effective strategy to treat diseases. Three strategies were pursued to provide the favorable microenvironments for uricase (UCU) to eventually improve its …             Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4- thiadiazole derivatives containing 5-phenyl-2-furan ▶     Zi-Ning Cui, Ya-Sheng Li, De-Kun Hu et al.     A series of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were synthesized using Lawesson’s reagent by an efficient approach under microwave irradiation in good yields. Their structures …             Probable involvement of p11 with interferon alpha induced depression ▶     Jiqiang Guo, Wen Zhang, Lili Zhang et al.     Depression is one of the major side effects of interferon alpha (IFN-α) treatment, but the molecular mechanism underlying IFN-α-induced depression remains unclear. Several …             siRNAmod: A database of experimentally validated chemically modified siRNAs ▶     Showkat Ahmad Dar, Anamika Thakur, Abid Qureshi et al.     Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology has vast potential for functional genomics and development of therapeutics. However, it faces many obstacles predominantly instability of …             Female reproductive competition explains variation in prenatal investment in wild banded mongooses ▶     Emma L. Inzani, Harry H. Marshall, Jennifer L. Sanderson et al.     Female intrasexual competition is intense in cooperatively breeding species where offspring compete locally for resources and helpers. In mammals, females have been proposed to …             Microbiome and Biocatalytic Bacteria in Monkey Cup (Nepenthes Pitcher) Digestive Fluid ▶     Xin-Yue Chan, Kar-Wai Hong, Wai-Fong Yin et al.     Tropical carnivorous plant, Nepenthes, locally known as “monkey cup”, utilises its pitcher as a passive trap to capture insects. It then secretes enzymes into the pitcher fluid …             Reference genes for accessing differential expression among developmental stages and analysis of differential expression of OBP genes in Anastrepha obliqua ▶     Aline Minali Nakamura, Samira Chahad-Ehlers, André Luís A. Lima et al.     The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua, is an important agricultural pest in the New World. The use of pesticide-free methods to control invasive species such as this …             Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China ▶     Huijuan Mai, Yimin Yang, Idelisi Abuduresule et al.     Cosmetics have been studied for a long time in the society and culture research, and its consumption is regarded as a cultural symbol of human society. This paper focuses on the …             Global transcriptomic responses of Escherichia coli K-12 to volatile organic compounds ▶     Pui Yi Yung, Letizia Lo Grasso, Abeed Fatima Mohidin et al.     Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are commonly used as solvents in various industrial settings. Many of them present a challenge to receiving environments, due to their toxicity …             Cross-protection induced by Japanese encephalitis vaccines against different genotypes of Dengue viruses in mice ▶     Jieqiong Li, Na Gao, Dongying Fan et al.     Dengue viruses (DENVs) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are closely related mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause very high global disease burdens. Although …             Chrysanthemum transcription factor CmLBD1 direct lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana ▶     Lu Zhu, Chen Zheng, Ruixia Liu et al.     The plant-specific LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) genes are important regulators of growth and development. Here, a chrysanthemum class I LBD transcription factor gene, …             A non-inheritable maternal Cas9-based multiple-gene editing system in mice ▶     Takayuki Sakurai, Akiko Kamiyoshi, Hisaka Kawate et al.     The CRISPR/Cas9 system is capable of editing multiple genes through one-step zygote injection. The preexisting method is largely based on the co-injection of Cas9 DNA (or mRNA) …             Non-thermal plasma inhibits human cervical cancer HeLa cells invasiveness by suppressing the MAPK pathway and decreasing matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression ▶     Wei Li, K. N. Yu, Lingzhi Bao et al.     Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been proposed as a novel therapeutic method for anticancer treatment. However, the mechanism underlying its biological effects remains unclear. In …             Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of heat killed Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) on various human cancer cell lines ▶     Menaga Subramaniam, Lionel L A In, Ashutosh Kumar et al.     Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) is a non-pathogenic mycobacterium, which has been tested on several cancer types like lung and bladder where tumour regression and complete …             Ligand selectivity in tachykinin and natalisin neuropeptidergic systems of the honey bee parasitic mite Varroa destructor ▶     Hongbo Jiang, Donghun Kim, Sharon Dobesh et al.     The varroa mite, Varroa destructor, is a devastating ectoparasite of the honey bees Apis mellifera and A. cerana. Control of these mites in beehives is a challenge in part due to …             All-atom molecular dynamics analysis of multi-peptide systems reproduces peptide solubility in line with experimental observations ▶     Yutaka Kuroda, Atsushi Suenaga, Yuji Sato et al.     In order to investigate the contribution of individual amino acids to protein and peptide solubility, we carried out 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 106 Å3 cubic …             Intracrine Androgens Enhance Decidualization and Modulate Expression of Human Endometrial Receptivity Genes ▶     Douglas A. Gibson, Ioannis Simitsidellis, Fiona L. Cousins et al.     The endometrium is a complex, steroid-dependent tissue that undergoes dynamic cyclical remodelling. Transformation of stromal fibroblasts (ESC) into specialised secretory cells …             PtrWRKY19, a novel WRKY transcription factor, contributes to the regulation of pith secondary wall formation in Populus trichocarpa ▶     Li Yang, Xin Zhao, Fan Yang et al.     WRKY proteins are one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants and play diverse roles in various biological processes. Previous studies have shown that some …             Energy and structure of bonds in the interaction of organic anions with layered double hydroxide nanosheets: A molecular dynamics study ▶     A.A. Tsukanov, S.G. Psakhie     The application of hybrid and hierarchical nanomaterials based on layered hydroxides and oxyhydroxides of metals is a swiftly progressing field in biomedicine. Layered double …             Nucleosome architecture throughout the cell cycle ▶     Özgen Deniz, Oscar Flores, Martí Aldea et al.     Nucleosomes provide additional regulatory mechanisms to transcription and DNA replication by mediating the access of proteins to DNA. During the cell cycle chromatin undergoes …             Genetic and functional analysis of a Li Fraumeni syndrome family in China ▶     Huaying Hu, Jingping Liu, Xinbin Liao et al.     Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare familial cancer predisposition syndrome with autosomal-dominant inheritance, occurring as frequently as one in 5,000–20,000 individuals. …             Role of the D1-D2 Linker of Human VCP/p97 in the Asymmetry and ATPase Activity of the D1-domain ▶     Wai Kwan Tang, Di Xia     Human AAA+ protein p97 consists of an N-domain and two tandem ATPase domains D1 and D2, which are connected by the N-D1 and the D1-D2 linkers. Inclusion of the D1-D2 linker, a …             GTPase domain driven dimerization of SEPT7 is dispensable for the critical role of septins in fibroblast cytokinesis ▶     Megha Abbey, Cosima Hakim, Roopsee Anand et al.     Septin 7 (SEPT7) has been described to be essential for successful completion of cytokinesis in mouse fibroblasts, and Sept7-deficiency in fibroblasts constitutively results in …             The solution configurations of inactive and activated DntR have implications for the sliding dimer mechanism of LysR transcription factors ▶     Michael Lerche, Cyril Dian, Adam Round et al.     LysR Type Transcriptional Regulators (LTTRs) regulate basic metabolic pathways or virulence gene expression in prokaryotes. Evidence suggests that the activation of LTTRs …             Involvement of resistin-like molecule β in the development of methionine-choline deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice ▶     Hirofumi Okubo, Akifumi Kushiyama, Hideyuki Sakoda et al.     Resistin-like molecule β (RELMβ) reportedly has multiple functions including local immune responses in the gut. In this study, we investigated the possible contribution of RELMβ …             Interictal spikes during sleep are an early defect in the Tg2576 mouse model of β-amyloid neuropathology ▶     Korey Kam, Áine M. Duffy, Jillian Moretto et al.     It has been suggested that neuronal hyperexcitability contributes to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), so we asked how hyperexcitability develops in a common mouse model of β-amyloid …             Structure of an E. coli integral membrane sulfurtransferase and its structural transition upon SCN− binding defined by EPR-based hybrid method ▶     Shenglong Ling, Wei Wang, Lu Yu et al.     Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based hybrid experimental and computational approaches were applied to determine the structure of a full-length E. coli integral membrane …             Adenylylation of Tyr77 stabilizes Rab1b GTPase in an active state: A molecular dynamics simulation analysis ▶     Manuel P. Luitz, Rainer Bomblies, Evelyn Ramcke et al.     The pathogenic pathway of Legionella pneumophila exploits the intercellular vesicle transport system via the posttranslational attachment of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to the …             Characterization of the GntR family regulator HpaR1 of the crucifer black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris ▶     Hui-Zhao Su, Liu Wu, Yan-Hua Qi et al.     The GntR family transcription regulator HpaR1 identified from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris has been previously shown to positively regulate the genes responsible for …             Combination of the Manifold Dimensionality Reduction Methods with Least Squares Support vector machines for Classifying the Species of Sorghum Seeds ▶     Y. M. Chen, P. Lin, J. Q. He et al.     This study was carried out for rapid and noninvasive determination of the class of sorghum species by using the manifold dimensionality reduction (MDR) method and the nonlinear …             Eco-friendly streamlined process for sporopollenin exine capsule extraction ▶     Raghavendra C. Mundargi, Michael G. Potroz, Jae Hyeon Park et al.     Sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) extracted from Lycopodium clavatum spores are an attractive biomaterial possessing a highly robust structure suitable for microencapsulation …             Molecular evolution of gas cavity in [NiFeSe] hydrogenases resurrected in silico ▶     Takashi Tamura, Naoki Tsunekawa, Michiko Nemoto et al.     Oxygen tolerance of selenium-containing [NiFeSe] hydrogenases (Hases) is attributable to the high reducing power of the selenocysteine residue, which sustains the bimetallic …             CRISPRi-Manipulation of Genetic Code Expansion via RF1 for Reassignment of Amber Codon in Bacteria ▶     Bo Zhang, Qi Yang, Jingxian Chen et al.     The precise engineering of proteins in bacteria via the amber codon has been hampered by the poor incorporation of unnatural amino acid (UAA). Here we explored the amber …             Length Distribution of Ancestral Tracks under a General Admixture Model and Its Applications in Population History Inference ▶     Xumin Ni, Xiong Yang, Wei Guo et al.     The length of ancestral tracks decays with the passing of generations which can be used to infer population admixture histories. Previous studies have shown the power in …             miR-23a, miR-146a and miR-301a confer predisposition to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome but not to Behcet’s disease ▶     Shengping Hou, Zi Ye, Dan Liao et al.     Ninety-eight miRNAs are involved in the immune response. However, the genetic roles of these miRNAs remain unclear in Behcet’s disease (BD) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) …             Bactericidal activity of green tea extracts: the importance of catechin containing nano particles ▶     Judy Gopal, Manikandan Muthu, Diby Paul et al.     When we drink green tea infusion, we believe we are drinking the extract of the green tea leaves. While practically each tea bag infused in 300 mL water contains about 50 mg of …             A Functional Polymorphism (rs2494752) in the AKT1 Promoter Region and Gastric Adenocarcinoma Risk in an Eastern Chinese Population ▶     Meng-Yun Wang, Jing He, Mei-Ling Zhu et al.     AKT is an important signal transduction protein that plays a crucial role in cancer development. Therefore, we evaluated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms …             Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging Studies of Fertilized Fish Eggs: In Vivo Monitoring of Egg Growth at the Molecular Level ▶     Mika Ishigaki, Shoya Kawasaki, Daitaro Ishikawa et al.     In this work, the growth of fertilized Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs was monitored in vivo at the molecular level using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and NIR imaging. …             CRISPR-Cas9 mediated efficient PD-1 disruption on human primary T cells from cancer patients ▶     Shu Su, Bian Hu, Jie Shao et al.     Strategies that enhance the function of T cells are critical for immunotherapy. One negative regulator of T-cell activity is ligand PD-L1, which is expressed on dentritic cells …             Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Target Genes in the Genetic Information Processing and Metabolism Pathways ▶     Thomas Thurnherr, Way-Champ Mah, Zhengdeng Lei et al.     To date, studies of the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have either focused on specific individual miRNAs and a small number of suspected targets or …             Topical imiquimod yields systemic effects due to unintended oral uptake ▶     Lynda Grine, Sophie Steeland, Sara Van Ryckeghem et al.     Repetitive application of topical imiquimod is used as an experimental model for the induction of psoriasiform skin lesions in mice. The model is characterized by several …             Recombinant pre-miR-29b for Alzheimer´s disease therapeutics ▶     Patrícia A. Pereira, Joana F. Tomás, João A. Queiroz et al.     MicroRNAs are arising as the next generation of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for gene silencing. Studies demonstrated that the miR-29 expression is decreased in Alzheimer’s …             A unique self-organization of bacterial sub-communities creates iridescence in Cellulophaga lytica colony biofilms ▶     Betty Kientz, Stephen Luke, Peter Vukusic et al.     Iridescent color appearances are widespread in nature. They arise from the interaction of light with micron- and submicron-sized physical structures spatially arranged with …             Alterations of the cytoskeleton in human cells in space proved by life-cell imaging ▶     Thomas J. Corydon, Sascha Kopp, Markus Wehland et al.     Microgravity induces changes in the cytoskeleton. This might have an impact on cells and organs of humans in space. Unfortunately, studies of cytoskeletal changes in microgravity …             Self-Styled ZnO Nanostructures Promotes the Cancer Cell Damage and Supresses the Epithelial Phenotype of Glioblastoma ▶     Rizwan Wahab, Neha Kaushik, Farheen Khan et al.     Extensive researches have been done on the applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for the biological purposes. However, the role and toxicity mechanisms of ZnO …             Overlapping signatures of chronic pain in the DNA methylation landscape of prefrontal cortex and peripheral T cells ▶     Renaud Massart, Sergiy Dymov, Magali Millecamps et al.     We tested the hypothesis that epigenetic mechanisms in the brain and the immune system are associated with chronic pain. Genome-wide DNA methylation assessed in 9 months post …             Wood reinforcement of poplar by rice NAC transcription factor ▶     Shingo Sakamoto, Naoki Takata, Yoshimi Oshima et al.     Lignocellulose, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, in the secondary cell wall constitutes wood and is the most abundant form of biomass on Earth. Enhancement of …             Oceanic barnacles act as foundation species on plastic debris: implications for marine dispersal ▶     Michael A. Gil, Joseph B. Pfaller     Plastic has emerged as an abundant, stable substratum for oceanic dispersal of organisms via rafting. However, the ecological mechanisms underlying community diversity on plastic …             Corrigendum: Disparate developmental patterns of immune responses to bacterial and viral infections in fish ▶     Rosario Castro, Luc Jouneau, Luca Tacchi et al.                 Regulation of human cerebro-microvascular endothelial baso-lateral adhesion and barrier function by S1P through dual involvement of S1P1 and S1P2 receptors ▶     Rachael Wiltshire, Vicky Nelson, Dan Ting Kho et al.     Herein we show that S1P rapidly and acutely reduces the focal adhesion strength and barrier tightness of brain endothelial cells. xCELLigence biosensor technology was used to …             Schima superba outperforms other tree species by changing foliar chemical composition and shortening construction payback time when facilitated by shrubs ▶     Nan Liu, Qinfeng Guo, Hai Ren et al.     A 3.5-year field experiment was conducted in a subtropical degraded shrubland to assess how a nurse plant, the native shrub Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, affects the growth of the …             Secreted Thrombospondin-1 Regulates Macrophage Interleukin-1β Production and Activation through CD47 ▶     Erica V. Stein, Thomas W. Miller, Kelly Ivins-O’Keefe et al.     Thrombospondin-1 regulates inflammation by engaging several cell surface receptors and by modulating activities of other secreted factors. We have uncovered a novel role of …             Systems-Pharmacology Dissection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Saffron Formula Reveals Multi-scale Treatment Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases ▶     Jianling Liu, Jiexin Mu, Chunli Zheng et al.     Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been regarding as “the world’s first killer” of human beings in recent years owing to the striking morbidity and mortality, the involved …             Generating trunk neural crest from human pluripotent stem cells ▶     Miller Huang, Matthew L. Miller, Lauren K. McHenry et al.     Neural crest cells (NCC) are stem cells that generate different lineages, including neuroendocrine, melanocytic, cartilage, and bone. The differentiation potential of NCC varies …             Large scale patterns in vertical distribution and behaviour of mesopelagic scattering layers ▶     T. A. Klevjer, X. Irigoien, A. Røstad et al.     Recent studies suggest that previous estimates of mesopelagic biomasses are severely biased, with the new, higher estimates underlining the need to unveil behaviourally mediated …             An Indirect Action Contributes to C-Fos Induction in Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus by Neuropeptide Y ▶     Shengjie Fan, Janani Dakshinamoorthy, Eun Ran Kim et al.     Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a well-established orexigenic peptide and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) is one major brain site that mediates the orexigenic action of NPY. …             Corrigendum: The conservation and signatures of lincRNAs in Marek’s disease of chicken ▶     Yanghua He, Yi Ding, Fei Zhan et al.                 PMD: A Resource for Archiving and Analyzing Protein Microarray data ▶     Zhaowei Xu, Likun Huang, Hainan Zhang et al.     Protein microarray is a powerful technology for both basic research and clinical study. However, because there is no database specifically tailored for protein microarray, the …             NF-κB promotes leaky expression of adenovirus genes in a replication-incompetent adenovirus vector ▶     M. Machitani, F. Sakurai, K. Wakabayashi et al.     The replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vector is one of the most promising vectors for gene therapy; however, systemic administration of Ad vectors results in severe …             ExoMeg1: a new exonuclease from metagenomic library ▶     Rita C. B. Silva-Portela, Fabíola M. Carvalho, Carolina P. M. Pereira et al.     DNA repair mechanisms are responsible for maintaining the integrity of DNA and are essential to life. However, our knowledge of DNA repair mechanisms is based on model organisms …             Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mediated cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer by promoting ceramide synthesis ▶     Ling Chen, Jie Ren, Longhe Yang et al.     Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) has been found to effectively suppress tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in numerous neoplastic lesions. However, …             Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibits lung injury induced by respiratory syncytial virus ▶     Hongjing Gu, Zhengde Xie, Tieling Li et al.     Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of severe lower respiratory illness in infants and young children, but the underlying mechanisms responsible for …             Rich diversity and potency of skin antioxidant peptides revealed a novel molecular basis for high-altitude adaptation of amphibians ▶     Xinwang Yang, Ying Wang, Yue Zhang et al.     Elucidating the mechanisms of high-altitude adaptation is an important research area in modern biology. To date, however, knowledge has been limited to the genetic mechanisms of …             Natural motion trajectory enhances the coding of speed in primate extrastriate cortex ▶     Amanda J. Davies, Tristan A. Chaplin, Marcello G. P. Rosa et al.     The ability to estimate the speed of an object irrespective of size or texture is a crucial function of the visual system. However, previous studies have suggested that the …             An approach to scoring cursorial limb proportions in carnivorous dinosaurs and an attempt to account for allometry ▶     W. Scott Persons IV, Philip J. Currie     From an initial dataset of 53 theropod species, the general relationship between theropod lower-leg length and body mass is identified. After factoring out this allometric …             Tcstv1 and Tcstv3 elongate telomeres of mouse ES cells ▶     Qian Zhang, Jiameng Dan, Hua Wang et al.     Mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) cultures exhibit a heterogeneous mixture of metastable cells sporadically entering the 2-cell (2C)-embryo-like state, critical for ESC potency. …             Pathway engineering of Propionibacterium jensenii for improved production of propionic acid ▶     Long Liu, Ningzi Guan, Gexin Zhu et al.     Propionic acid (PA) is an important chemical building block widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. In our previous study, a shuttle vector was …             Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 is involved in melanogenesis via regulation of MITF expression in melanocytes ▶     Woo Jin Yun, Eun-Young Kim, Ji-Eun Park et al.     Although autophagy plays a role in melanogenesis by regulating melanosome degradation and biogenesis in melanocytes, a detailed understanding of the regulatory functions of …             Selection of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization during leaf development and hormonal stimuli in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) ▶     Zhi-Jun Wu, Chang Tian, Qian Jiang et al.     Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) leaf is an important non-alcoholic beverage resource. The application of quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has a profound …             Expression of terminal oxidases under nutrient-starved conditions in Shewanella oneidensis: detection of the A-type cytochrome c oxidase ▶     Sébastien Le Laz, Arlette kpebe, Marielle Bauzan et al.     Shewanella species are facultative anaerobic bacteria that colonize redox-stratified habitats where O2 and nutrient concentrations fluctuate. The model species Shewanella …             A Cell-Penetrating Peptide with a Guanidinylethyl Amine Structure Directed to Gene Delivery ▶     Makoto Oba, Takuma Kato, Kaori Furukawa et al.     A peptide composed of lysine with a guanidinylethyl (GEt) amine structure in the side chain [Lys(GEt)] was developed as a cell-penetrating peptide directed to plasmid DNA (pDNA) …             Cytoplasmic Determination of Meiotic Spindle Size Revealed by a Unique Inter-Species Germinal Vesicle Transfer Model ▶     Zhong-Wei Wang, Guang-Li Zhang, Heide Schatten et al.     Spindle sizes are different in diverse species and cell types. In frogs, the meiotic spindle size is positively correlated with the egg cell volume. Across species, relatively …             The dual function of PRMT1 in modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cellular senescence in breast cancer cells through regulation of ZEB1 ▶     Yanyan Gao, Yaping Zhao, Juechao Zhang et al.     Although the involvement of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in tumorigenesis has been reported, its roles in breast cancer progression and metastasis has not been …             Proteome-wide analysis reveals widespread lysine acetylation of major protein complexes in the malaria parasite ▶     Simon A. Cobbold, Joana M. Santos, Alejandro Ochoa et al.     Lysine acetylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification in many organisms including the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, yet the full extent of acetylation …             Gap junction mediated miRNA intercellular transfer and gene regulation: A novel mechanism for intercellular genetic communication ▶     Liang Zong, Yan Zhu, Ruqiang Liang et al.     Intercellular genetic communication is an essential requirement for coordination of cell proliferation and differentiation and has an important role in many cellular processes. …             Sequence features associated with the cleavage efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 system ▶     Xiaoxi Liu, Ayaka Homma, Jamasb Sayadi et al.     The CRISPR-Cas9 system has recently emerged as a versatile tool for biological and medical research. In this system, a single guide RNA (sgRNA) directs the endonuclease Cas9 to a …             Corrigendum: HCRP-1 regulates cell migration and invasion via EGFR-ERK mediated up-regulation of MMP-2 with prognostic significance in human renal cell carcinoma ▶     Feifei Chen, Junpeng Deng, Xin Liu et al.                 Corrigendum: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Promotes Vascular Calcification via SMAD1/5/8 Phosphorylation ▶     Sun Joo Lee, Ji Yun Jeong, Chang Joo Oh et al.                 Analgesic exposure in pregnant rats affects fetal germ cell development with inter-generational reproductive consequences ▶     Afshan Dean, Sander van den Driesche, Yili Wang et al.     Analgesics which affect prostaglandin (PG) pathways are used by most pregnant women. As germ cells (GC) undergo developmental and epigenetic changes in fetal life and are PG …             A cotton miRNA is involved in regulation of plant response to salt stress ▶     Shuai Gao, Lu Yang, Hou Qing Zeng et al.     The present study functionally identified a new microRNA (microRNA ovual line 5, miRNVL5) with its target gene GhCHR from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). The sequence of miRNVL5 …             Generation of 2,000 breast cancer metabolic landscapes reveals a poor prognosis group with active serotonin production ▶     Vytautas Leoncikas, Huihai Wu, Lara T. Ward et al.     A major roadblock in the effective treatment of cancers is their heterogeneity, whereby multiple molecular landscapes are classified as a single disease. To explore the …             Distinct cognitive effects and underlying transcriptome changes upon inhibition of individual miRNAs in hippocampal neurons ▶     Josephine Malmevik, Rebecca Petri, Pina Knauff et al.     MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, non-coding RNAs mediating post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs have recently been implicated in hippocampus-dependent functions …             Activating mutations in CTNNB1 in aldosterone producing adenomas ▶     Tobias Åkerström, Rajani Maharjan, Holger Sven Willenberg et al.     Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension with a prevalence of 5–10% in unreferred hypertensive patients. Aldosterone producing adenomas …             Autosomal gsdf acts as a male sex initiator in the fish medaka ▶     Xi Zhang, Guijun Guan, Mingyou Li et al.     Sex is pivotal for reproduction, healthcare and evolution. In the fish medaka, the Y-chromosomal dmy (also dmrt1bY) serves the sex determiner, which activates dmrt1 for male sex …             Spinocerebellar ataxia type 21 exists in the Chinese Han population ▶     Sheng Zeng, Junsheng Zeng, Miao He et al.     Recently, mutations in transmembrane protein 240 (TMEM240) were identified as the cause of spinocerebellar ataxia type 21 (SCA21) in several French families. Clinically, SCA21 is …             Surface hydrophobicity of slippery zones in the pitchers of two Nepenthes species and a hybrid ▶     Lixin Wang, Qiang Zhou     To investigate the hydrophobicity of slippery zones, static contact angle measurement and microstructure observation of slippery surfaces from two Nepenthes species and a hybrid …             Fitness costs of increased cataract frequency and cumulative radiation dose in natural mammalian populations from Chernobyl ▶     Philipp Lehmann, Zbyszek Boratyński, Tapio Mappes et al.     A cataract is a clouding of the lens that reduces light transmission to the retina, and it decreases the visual acuity of the bearer. The prevalence of cataracts in natural …             Precision Medicine: Genetic Repair of Retinitis Pigmentosa in Patient-Derived Stem Cells ▶     Alexander G. Bassuk, Andrew Zheng, Yao Li et al.     Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from patient fibroblasts could potentially be used as a source of autologous cells for transplantation in retinal disease. …             TCTP contains a BH3-like domain, which instead of inhibiting, activates Bcl-xL ▶     Stéphanie Thébault, Morgane Agez, Xiaoke Chi et al.     Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) is anti-apoptotic, key in development and cancer, however without the typical Bcl2 family members’ structure. Here we report that …             Urinary N-methylnicotinamide and β-aminoisobutyric acid predict catch-up growth in undernourished Brazilian children ▶     Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs, Aldo A.M. Lima, Richard L. Guerrant et al.     Enteric infections, enteropathy and undernutrition in early childhood are preventable risk factors for child deaths, impaired neurodevelopment, and later life metabolic diseases. …             High Throughput Label Free Measurement of Cancer Cell Adhesion Kinetics Under Hemodynamic Flow ▶     Adrianne Spencer, Aaron B. Baker     The kinetics of receptor-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and adherent cell monolayers plays a key role in many physiological and pathological processes including …             A novel method for evaluating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by flowcytometry using cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ▶     Makiko Yamashita, Shigehisa Kitano, Hiroaki Aikawa et al.     Analyzing the cytotoxic functions of effector cells, such as NK cells against target cancer cells, is thought to be necessary for predicting the clinical efficacy of …             A microbial carbonate response in synchrony with the end-Triassic mass extinction across the SW UK ▶     Yadira Ibarra, Frank A. Corsetti, Sarah E. Greene et al.     The eruption of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP)—the largest igneous province known—has been linked to the end-Triassic mass extinction event, however reconciling …             Capture and On-chip analysis of Melanoma Cells Using Tunable Surface Shear forces ▶     Simon Chang-Hao Tsao, Ramanathan Vaidyanathan, Shuvashis Dey et al.     With new systemic therapies becoming available for metastatic melanoma such as BRAF and PD-1 inhibitors, there is an increasing demand for methods to assist with treatment …             Photonic Crystal Optical Tweezers with High Efficiency for Live Biological Samples and Viability Characterization ▶     Peifeng Jing, Jingda Wu, Gary W. Liu et al.     We propose and demonstrate a new optical trapping method for single cells that utilizes modulated light fields to trap a wide array of cell types, including mammalian, yeast, and …             Global inorganic nitrogen dry deposition inferred from ground- and space-based measurements ▶     Yanlong Jia, Guirui Yu, Yanni Gao et al.     Atmospheric nitrogen (N) dry deposition is an important component in total N deposition. However, uncertainty exists in the assessment of global dry deposition. Here, we develop …             Correlating confocal microscopy and atomic force indentation reveals metastatic cancer cells stiffen during invasion into collagen I matrices ▶     Jack R. Staunton, Bryant L. Doss, Stuart Lindsay et al.     Mechanical interactions between cells and their microenvironment dictate cell phenotype and behavior, calling for cell mechanics measurements in three-dimensional (3D) …             Autologous skeletal muscle derived cells expressing a novel functional dystrophin provide a potential therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ▶     Jinhong Meng, John R. Counsell, Mojgan Reza et al.     Autologous stem cells that have been genetically modified to express dystrophin are a possible means of treating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). To maximize the therapeutic …             Skeletal muscle Heat shock protein 60 increases after endurance training and induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 α1 expression ▶     Rosario Barone, Filippo Macaluso, Claudia Sangiorgi et al.     Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a chaperone localizing in skeletal muscle mitochondria, whose role is poorly understood. In the present study, the levels of Hsp60 in fibres of …             Col4a1 mutations cause progressive retinal neovascular defects and retinopathy ▶     Marcel V. Alavi, Mao Mao, Bradley T. Pawlikowski et al.     Mutations in collagen, type IV, alpha 1 (COL4A1), a major component of basement membranes, cause multisystem disorders in humans and mice. 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