Nature Reviews Microbiology contents January 2016 Volume 14 Number 1 pp 61-128

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
February 2016 Volume 14 Number 2
Impact Factor 23.574 *	In this issue Research Highlights News and Analysis Progress Reviews Perspectives Also this month Article series: Microbial biofilms New technologies: methods and applications  Featured article: The biogeography of polymicrobial infection Apollo Stacy, Luke McNally, Sophie E. Darch, Sam P. Brown & Marvin Whiteley
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Microbial ecology: Do it yourself nitrification p61 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.20 Two recent studies have shown that some Nitrospira species can oxidize ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate, demonstrating that the two steps of nitrification can be carried out by single microorganisms. PDF Viral pathogenesis: Stressing out over herpes p62 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.19 This study shows that herpes simplex virus hijacks a neuron-specific JNK stress response pathway to reactivate the expression of latent virus. PDF Microbiome: Drugs for your bugs p62 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.23 This study shows that targeting the microbiota enzymes that are involved in the production of trimethylamine (TMA) reduces the levels of TMA N-oxide (TMAO) and is a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease. PDF IN THE NEWS ZIKA virus circulates in new regions p62 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.28 An increasing number of countries in the Americas are reporting cases of Zika virus. PDF Biofilms: Turning tides for quorum sensing p64 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.26 This study examines how bacteria fine-tune quorum sensing activity to adapt group behaviours such as biofilm formation to local flow conditions. PDF Bacterial physiology: Pushing the envelope on protein repair p64 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.27 A genetic suppressor screen in Escherichia coli identifies the methionine sulfoxide reductase that repairs proteins in the cell envelope, in a mechanism that uses the respiratory chain as a novel source of electrons. PDF IN BRIEF Applied microbiology: Shining a light on biofuels | Antimicrobials: How to keep your wall up | Archaeal physiology: Bridging the gaps in sulfur reduction | Viral evolution: Two viruses, one capsid | Structural Biology: A close-up of the chaperone-usher pilus | Cellular Microbiology: A novel family of bacterial protein deacetylases PDF Microbiology JOBS of the week Lecturer / Senior Lecturer / Reader in Oral Microbiology University of Bristol PhD Students in Molecular Medicine & Bioinformatics Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) Postdoctoral Researcher INSERM U1100 Post-doctoral Research Associate Newcastle University Virology Faculty Position Rush University Medical Center More Science jobs from Microbiology EVENT Microbiology Society Annual Conference 2016 21.03.16 Liverpool, UK More science events from
NEWS AND ANALYSIS		Top
GENOME WATCH Viral fossils Astrid Gall p66 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.22 The analysis of mammalian genomes provides new insights into the interactions of endogenous retroviruses with other viruses and their hosts. PDF
PROGRESS		Top
CRISPR-Cas adaptation: insights into the mechanism of action Gil Amitai & Rotem Sorek p67 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.14 Although the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas interference have largely been elucidated, how new sequence memories are stored had remained unknown. In this Progress article, Amitai and Sorek discuss recent advances in the study of this adaptation stage of CRISPR immunity. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
REVIEWS		Top
Pore-forming toxins: ancient, but never really out of fashion Matteo Dal Peraro & F. Gisou van der Goot p77 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.3 Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are produced as virulence factors by many pathogenic bacteria. In this Review, Dal Peraro and van der Goot describe new mechanistic insights into the assembly of these toxins and their target specificity, and discuss recent therapeutic developments. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Article series: Microbial biofilms The biogeography of polymicrobial infection Apollo Stacy, Luke McNally, Sophie E. Darch, Sam P. Brown & Marvin Whiteley p93 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.8 The spatial organization of microbial communities can affect their function, both in the environment and during infections. In this article, Whiteley and colleagues review the factors that govern biogeography during polymicrobial infections and how spatial positioning can influence bacterial virulence. They also discuss how targeting biogeography can be used as a therapeutic strategy. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Cryptococcus: from environmental saprophyte to global pathogen Robin C. May, Neil R.H. Stone, Darin L. Wiesner, Tihana Bicanic & Kirsten Nielsen p106 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.6 Recent studies have elucidated multiple virulence mechanisms used by Cryptococcus spp. to infect, disseminate within and ultimately kill their human host. In this Review, May et al. describe these recent developments in understanding host-fungal interactions, discuss how they affect disease severity and debate current and future therapeutic interventions against cryptococcosis. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION Article series: New technologies: methods and applications The design and analysis of transposon insertion sequencing experiments Michael C. Chao, Sören Abel, Brigid M. Davis & Matthew K. Waldor p119 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.7 Transposon insertion sequencing (TIS) enables genome-wide definition of loci that are required for growth in diverse conditions. In this article, Waldor and colleagues discuss the benefits and limitations of different experimental approaches to TIS analyses. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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