|  | | TABLE OF CONTENTS
| February 2016 Volume 6, Issue 2 | | | |  |  Editorial
Correspondence
Commentaries
Feature
Research Highlights
News and Views
Perspectives
Review
Letters
Articles | | | | | Advertisement | | Nature Energy - Now live!
The first issue of Nature Energy is published and free to access online!
Publishing monthly, this new journal is dedicated to exploring all aspects of energy, from its generation and storage, to its distribution and management, the needs and demands of the different actors, and the impacts that energy technologies and policies have on society.
Ensure you stay up to date with future content by registering to receive the monthly e-alert. | | | | | | | | | Editorial |  Top | |  | | Balancing act p113
doi:10.1038/nclimate2932
Human activities have shifted the Earth away from energy balance. As a result, the climate is changing, with the ocean playing a major role in heat absorption. | | Correspondence | Top | | | | Emission effects of the Chinese–Russian gas deal p114
Anton Orlov, Andre Deppermann, Taoyuan Wei and Solveig Glomsrød
doi:10.1038/nclimate2850
See also: Correspondence by Wenjie Dong et al. | | | | Reply to 'Emission effects of the Chinese-Russian gas deal' pp114 - 115
Wenjie Dong, Wenping Yuan, Shuguang Liu, John Moore, Peijun Shi, Shengbo Feng, Jieming Chou, Xuefeng Cui and Kejun Jiang
doi:10.1038/nclimate2851
See also: Correspondence by Anton Orlov et al. | | | | Subnational socio-economic dataset availability pp115 - 116
Carlo Azzarri, Melanie Bacou, Cindy M. Cox, Zhe Guo and Jawoo Koo
doi:10.1038/nclimate2842 | | | | Ocean temperatures chronicle the ongoing warming of Earth pp116 - 118
Susan Wijffels, Dean Roemmich, Didier Monselesan, John Church and John Gilson
doi:10.1038/nclimate2924 | | Commentaries | Top | | | | Climate change stories and the Anthroposcenic pp118 - 119
David Matless
doi:10.1038/nclimate2862
Social sciences and the humanities can utilize the concept of the Anthropocene to add meaning to climate research. | | | | Combining satellite data for better tropical forest monitoring pp120 - 122
Johannes Reiche, Richard Lucas, Anthea L. Mitchell, Jan Verbesselt, Dirk H. Hoekman, Jörg Haarpaintner, Josef M. Kellndorfer, Ake Rosenqvist, Eric A. Lehmann, Curtis E. Woodcock, Frank Martin Seifert and Martin Herold
doi:10.1038/nclimate2919
Implementation of policies to reduce forest loss challenges the Earth observation community to improve forest monitoring. An important avenue for progress is the use of new satellite missions and the combining of optical and synthetic aperture radar sensor data. | | | | Intact ecosystems provide best defence against climate change pp122 - 124
Tara G. Martin and James E. M. Watson
doi:10.1038/nclimate2918
Humans are adapting to climate change, but often in ways that further compound our effects on nature, and in turn the impact of climate change on us. | | Feature | Top | | | | News feature: Freeing fossil fuels pp125 - 126
Elisabeth Jeffries
doi:10.1038/nclimate2920
Free trade agreements are becoming greener, and yet encouraging fossil fuel business. | | Research Highlights | Top | | | | Biogeochemistry: Agricultural management | Ocean warming: Northwest Atlantic | Climate governance: Privatizing transparency | Hydrology: Arctic precipitation | | News and Views | Top | | | | | | | Advertisement | | All content now free to access including archives!
Nature Communications is an open access journal that publishes high-quality research from all areas of the natural sciences. Papers published by the journal represent important advances of significance to specialists within each subject area including the Earth Sciences.
Visit the website to explore ALL the content available within your field. |  | | | | | | Perspectives | Top | | | | Roadmap towards justice in urban climate adaptation research pp131 - 137
Linda Shi, Eric Chu, Isabelle Anguelovski, Alexander Aylett, Jessica Debats, Kian Goh, Todd Schenk, Karen C. Seto, David Dodman, Debra Roberts, J. Timmons Roberts and Stacy D. VanDeveer
doi:10.1038/nclimate2841
The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21) highlighted the importance of cities to climate action, as well as the unjust burdens borne by the world's most disadvantaged peoples in addressing climate impacts. Few studies have documented the barriers to redressing the drivers of social vulnerability as part of urban local climate change adaptation efforts, or evaluated how emerging adaptation plans impact marginalized groups. Here, we present a roadmap to reorient research on the social dimensions of urban climate adaptation around four issues of equity and justice: (1) broadening participation in adaptation planning; (2) expanding adaptation to rapidly growing cities and those with low financial or institutional capacity; (3) adopting a multilevel and multi-scalar approach to adaptation planning; and (4) integrating justice into infrastructure and urban design processes. Responding to these empirical and theoretical research needs is the first step towards identifying pathways to more transformative adaptation policies. | | | | An imperative to monitor Earth's energy imbalance pp138 - 144
K. von Schuckmann, M. D. Palmer, K. E. Trenberth, A. Cazenave, D. Chambers, N. Champollion, J. Hansen, S. A. Josey, N. Loeb, P.-P. Mathieu, B. Meyssignac and M. Wild
doi:10.1038/nclimate2876
The current Earth's energy imbalance (EEI) is mostly caused by human activity, and is driving global warming. The absolute value of EEI represents the most fundamental metric defining the status of global climate change, and will be more useful than using global surface temperature. EEI can best be estimated from changes in ocean heat content, complemented by radiation measurements from space. Sustained observations from the Argo array of autonomous profiling floats and further development of the ocean observing system to sample the deep ocean, marginal seas and sea ice regions are crucial to refining future estimates of EEI. Combining multiple measurements in an optimal way holds considerable promise for estimating EEI and thus assessing the status of global climate change, improving climate syntheses and models, and testing the effectiveness of mitigation actions. Progress can be achieved with a concerted international effort. | | Review | Top | | | | Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array pp145 - 153
Stephen C. Riser, Howard J. Freeland, Dean Roemmich, Susan Wijffels, Ariel Troisi, Mathieu Belbéoch, Denis Gilbert, Jianping Xu, Sylvie Pouliquen, Ann Thresher, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Guillaume Maze, Birgit Klein, M. Ravichandran, Fiona Grant, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Toshio Suga, Byunghwan Lim, Andreas Sterl, Philip Sutton, Kjell-Arne Mork, Pedro Joaquín Vélez-Belchí, Isabelle Ansorge, Brian King, Jon Turton, Molly Baringer and Steven R. Jayne
doi:10.1038/nclimate2872
More than 90% of the heat energy accumulation in the climate system between 1971 and the present has been in the ocean. Thus, the ocean plays a crucial role in determining the climate of the planet. Observing the oceans is problematic even under the most favourable of conditions. Historically, shipboard ocean sampling has left vast expanses, particularly in the Southern Ocean, unobserved for long periods of time. Within the past 15 years, with the advent of the global Argo array of profiling floats, it has become possible to sample the upper 2,000 m of the ocean globally and uniformly in space and time. The primary goal of Argo is to create a systematic global network of profiling floats that can be integrated with other elements of the Global Ocean Observing System. The network provides freely available temperature and salinity data from the upper 2,000 m of the ocean with global coverage. The data are available within 24 hours of collection for use in a broad range of applications that focus on examining climate-relevant variability on seasonal to decadal timescales, multidecadal climate change, improved initialization of coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models and constraining ocean analysis and forecasting systems. | | Letters | Top | | | | Co-benefits of addressing climate change can motivate action around the world pp154 - 157
Paul G. Bain, Taciano L. Milfont, Yoshihisa Kashima, Micha? Bilewicz, Guy Doron, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Valdiney V. Gouveia, Yanjun Guan, Lars-Olof Johansson, Carlota Pasquali, Victor Corral-Verdugo, Juan Ignacio Aragones, Akira Utsugi, Christophe Demarque, Siegmar Otto, Joonha Park, Martin Soland, Linda Steg, Roberto González, Nadezhda Lebedeva, Ole Jacob Madsen, Claire Wagner, Charity S. Akotia, Tim Kurz, José L. Saiz, P. Wesley Schultz, Gró Einarsdóttir and Nina M. Saviolidis
doi:10.1038/nclimate2814
Emphasizing the co-benefits of climate policy can motivate action across ideological, age and gender divides regardless of existing levels of concern about climate change, as global survey data shows. | | | | Rare disaster information can increase risk-taking pp158 - 161
Ben R. Newell, Tim Rakow, Eldad Yechiam and Michael Sambur
doi:10.1038/nclimate2822
Experiments show that providing people with information about the prevalence of natural disasters can counterintuitively increase the appeal of disaster-prone regions, suggesting that isolated information is not enough to encourage risk-averse activity. | | | | Estimates of solid waste disposal rates and reduction targets for landfill gas emissions pp162 - 165
Jon T. Powell, Timothy G. Townsend and Julie B. Zimmerman
doi:10.1038/nclimate2804
Landfill disposal of solid waste is one of the largest sources of methane emissions. Analysis of gas collection systems at more than 850 US landfill sites suggests that emissions have been underestimated by as much as 140 million tonnes per year. | | | | Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change pp166 - 171
Jianping Huang, Haipeng Yu, Xiaodan Guan, Guoyin Wang and Ruixia Guo
doi:10.1038/nclimate2837
Climate change is causing drylands to expand and this work shows that they will cover half of the land surface by 2100 under a moderate emissions scenario. | | | | Abrupt onset and prolongation of aragonite undersaturation events in the Southern Ocean pp172 - 176
Claudine Hauri, Tobias Friedrich and Axel Timmermann
doi:10.1038/nclimate2844
Seasonal aragonite undersaturation events are predicted to affect Southern Ocean surface waters by 2030. This study shows ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 will cause these events, with spatial spread and duration increasing rapidly from 2035. | | | | Large rainfall changes consistently projected over substantial areas of tropical land pp177 - 181
Robin Chadwick, Peter Good, Gill Martin and David P. Rowell
doi:10.1038/nclimate2805
This study quantifies a direct link between global greenhouse gas emissions and rainfall changes over tropical land, and identifies regions most at risk of large changes, such as southern and east Africa. | | | | Relationship between soil fungal diversity and temperature in the maritime Antarctic pp182 - 186
Kevin K. Newsham, David W. Hopkins, Lilia C. Carvalhais, Peter T. Fretwell, Steven P. Rushton, Anthony G. O’Donnell and Paul G. Dennis
doi:10.1038/nclimate2806
This study finds significant positive associations between the diversity of soil fungi and surface air temperature in the maritime Antarctic, one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. | | | | The global significance of omitting soil erosion from soil organic carbon cycling schemes pp187 - 191
Adrian Chappell, Jeffrey Baldock and Jonathan Sanderman
doi:10.1038/nclimate2829
Land surface models do not usually account for soil movement effects on soil organic carbon (SOC). Research utilizing a SOC cycling scheme modified to include soil redistribution now shows potential for reducing uncertainty in SOC flux estimates. | | | | Conservation policy and the measurement of forests pp192 - 196
Joseph O. Sexton, Praveen Noojipady, Xiao-Peng Song, Min Feng, Dan-Xia Song, Do-Hyung Kim, Anupam Anand, Chengquan Huang, Saurabh Channan, Stuart L. Pimm and John R. Townshend
doi:10.1038/nclimate2816
Estimates of global forest area vary widely; this discrepancy is now shown to originate primarily from ambiguity in the definition of ‘forest’. Monitoring and reporting should focus on measures more directly relevant to ecosystem function. | | | | Future temperature in southwest Asia projected to exceed a threshold for human adaptability pp197 - 200
Jeremy S. Pal and Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
doi:10.1038/nclimate2833
Regional climate models for the Persian (Arabian) Gulf indicate that extremes of wet-bulb temperature—a measure of temperature and humidity—may exceed a critical threshold for human tolerance with implications for the future human habitability of the region.
See also: News and Views by Christoph Schär | | Articles | Top | | | | Targeted opportunities to address the climate–trade dilemma in China pp201 - 206
Zhu Liu, Steven J. Davis, Kuishuang Feng, Klaus Hubacek, Sai Liang, Laura Diaz Anadon, Bin Chen, Jingru Liu, Jinyue Yan and Dabo Guan
doi:10.1038/nclimate2800
Most of the greenhouse gas emissions embedded in China’s exports come from provinces with carbon-intensive energy mixes. Reducing the carbon intensity of production in these regions is a targeted means of addressing the climate–trade dilemma. | | | | Physiological responses of a Southern Ocean diatom to complex future ocean conditions pp207 - 213
P. W. Boyd, P. W. Dillingham, C. M. McGraw, E. A. Armstrong, C. E. Cornwall, Y.-y. Feng, C. L. Hurd, M. Gault-Ringold, M. Y. Roleda, E. Timmins-Schiffman and B. L. Nunn
doi:10.1038/nclimate2811
Investigation of multiple stressors on a subantarctic diatom reveals the importance of considering individual and interactive effects. Experiments show that temperature and iron enrichment enhance growth and help overcome nutrient depletion. | | | | Old soil carbon losses increase with ecosystem respiration in experimentally thawed tundra pp214 - 218
Caitlin E. Hicks Pries, Edward A. G. Schuur, Susan M. Natali and K. Grace Crummer
doi:10.1038/nclimate2830
Research utilizing C isotopes to partition ecosystem respiration sources in a subarctic warming experiment shows that old soil contributions increased with soil temperature but that carbon losses were modulated by plant responses to warming. | | | | | | | | Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here.
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