Nature Physics November Issue

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TABLE OF CONTENTS November 2015 Volume 11, Issue 11 Editorial Correspondence Commentary Corrections Thesis Books and Arts Research Highlights News and Views Progress Article Letters Articles Corrigendum Futures Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Social Media Guide for Authors  Nearly 50% of researchers engage in scientific discussion on Twitter* Learn how to make your research part of the conversation. *Source: Nature, Online collaboration: Scientists and the social network (doi:10.1038/512126a)   Advertisement Nature Video Nobel laureates in their own words “Are you sitting comfortably? Then let me tell you about my Nobel prize-winning science.” In this series of animations, Nobel prize-winning scientists talk about work, life and discoveries that change the world. Recorded at the 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting.  Watch the animations free online. Supported by Mars, Incorporated   Editorial Top Searching the invisible   p881 doi:10.1038/nphys3569 After two Nobel prizes, the quest to uncover new physics continues at the Kamioka site in Japan. Correspondence Top Ranking scientists   pp882 - 883 S. N. Dorogovtsev and J. F. F. Mendes doi:10.1038/nphys3533 Commentary Top The infinity pool   pp884 - 885 Abraham Loeb doi:10.1038/nphys3546 Career opportunities are often a matter of chance, but also of a willingness to cross interdisciplinary boundaries. Corrections Top Correction   p885 doi:10.1038/nphys3571 Thesis Top Bacterial complexity   p887 Mark Buchanan doi:10.1038/nphys3552 Books and Arts Top Exhibition: Cosmic technoculture   pp888 - 889 Bart Verberck reviews Bart Verberck doi:10.1038/nphys3550 The beginning of the end   pp889 - 890 Nicky Dean reviews The Three-Body Problem by Cixin Liu and Ken Liu doi:10.1038/nphys3541 Research Highlights Top Nobel Prize 2015: Kajita and McDonald | Astrophysics: Useful glitches | Ferroelectrics: Skyrmions all round | Fracture mechanics: Cracking columns | Rosetta mission: Cometary curiosities | Random walks: Roots manoeuvre News and Views Top X-Ray physics: Straight outta Compton   pp893 - 894 Adriana Palffy doi:10.1038/nphys3525 A nonlinear Compton scattering experiment with X-ray photons using an X-ray free-electron laser exhibits an unexpected frequency shift - hinting at the breakdown of standard approximations. See also: Article by Fuchs et al. Electron optics: Turn the other way   pp894 - 895 Peter Makk doi:10.1038/nphys3505 Negative refraction can produce optical Veselago lenses with a resolution that is not diffraction-limited. Similar lenses can also be made for electrons, with negative refraction of Dirac fermions now shown in graphene. See also: Letter by Lee et al. Photonics: Chaos from symmetry   pp895 - 896 Alexander Szameit doi:10.1038/nphys3498 Disorder in arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides turns out to have unexpected consequences on the photon number statistics of coherent light. See also: Letter by Kondakci et al. Ten years of Nature Physics: Not trivial to realize   pp897 - 898 Joel E. Moore doi:10.1038/nphys3554 In 2009, two papers provided the first unambiguous examples of three-dimensional topological insulators - bulk insulators boasting metallic surface states with massless Dirac electrons. These now form just one of many classes of topological materials. Correction Top Correction   p898 doi:10.1038/nphys3540 Progress Article Top Polymer physics of intracellular phase transitions   pp899 - 904 Clifford P. Brangwynne, Peter Tompa and Rohit V. Pappu doi:10.1038/nphys3532 The internal structure of cells is organized into compartments, many of which lack a confining membrane and instead resemble viscous liquid droplets. Evidence is mounting that these compartments form via spontaneous phase transitions. Letters Top Observation of the nonlinear phase shift due to single post-selected photons   pp905 - 909 Amir Feizpour, Matin Hallaji, Greg Dmochowski and Aephraim M. Steinberg doi:10.1038/nphys3433 Using post-selection and electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold atomic gas it is now possible to generate a strong nonlinear interaction between two optical beams, bringing nonlinear optics into the quantum regime. Watch an audio-visual summary of the paper here The spin-Dicke effect in OLED magnetoresistance   pp910 - 914 D. P. Waters, G. Joshi, M. Kavand, M. E. Limes, H. Malissa et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3453 In organic semiconductors, pairs of charge-carrying spins can behave as four-level systems. It is now shown that in the regime of ultrastrong coupling, the collective behaviour of these spins gives rise to a spin-Dicke effect. Velocity tuning of friction with two trapped atoms   pp915 - 919 Dorian Gangloff, Alexei Bylinskii, Ian Counts, Wonho Jhe and Vladan Vuletic doi:10.1038/nphys3459 To study atomic-scale friction in a controlled environment, researchers used two trapped, laser-cooled ions in an additional optical potential. This set-up provides a better understanding of the interplay between thermal and structural lubricity. Synthetic gauge flux and Weyl points in acoustic systems   pp920 - 924 Meng Xiao, Wen-Jie Chen, Wen-Yu He and C. T. Chan doi:10.1038/nphys3458 Realizing non-trivial topological effects is challenging in acoustic systems. It is now shown that inversion symmetry breaking can be used to create acoustic analogues of the topological Haldane model. Watch an audio-visual summary of the paper here Observation of negative refraction of Dirac fermions in graphene   pp925 - 929 Gil-Ho Lee, Geon-Hyoung Park and Hu-Jong Lee doi:10.1038/nphys3460 Negative refraction has now been observed for Dirac fermions in graphene, and is used to create an electronic Veselago lens. See also: News and Views by Makk A photonic thermalization gap in disordered lattices   pp930 - 935 H. Esat Kondakci, Ayman F. Abouraddy and Bahaa E. A. Saleh doi:10.1038/nphys3482 A theoretical study looks at the interplay between disorder and chiral symmetry in the photon statistics in a one-dimensional photonic lattice, predicting that for increased disorder coherent light becomes thermal. See also: News and Views by Szameit Avalanche outbreaks emerging in cooperative contagions   pp936 - 940 Weiran Cai, Li Chen, Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad and Peter Grassberger doi:10.1038/nphys3457 Epidemics often exhibit drastic dynamics, unmatched by percolation theory-a difference that may be due to cooperation between contagions. A mechanistic model implicates network topology in regulating the efficiency of this cooperation.   Articles Top Vortex arrays in neutral trapped Fermi gases through the BCS-BEC crossover   pp941 - 945 S. Simonucci, P. Pieri and G. Calvanese Strinati doi:10.1038/nphys3449 The formation of vortex arrays in rotating Fermi gases is not limited to ultracold gases but may be relevant in nuclei and neutron stars, so it is important to be able to calculate their properties in a realistic fashion. Plain s-wave superconductivity in single-layer FeSe on SrTiO3 probed by scanning tunnelling microscopy   pp946 - 952 Q. Fan, W. H. Zhang, X. Liu, Y. J. Yan, M. Q. Ren et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3450 A scanning tunnelling microscopy study of monolayer FeSe on strontium titanate reveals that this intriguing system has a plain s-wave pairing symmetry. Effect of magnetic frustration on nematicity and superconductivity in iron chalcogenides   pp953 - 958 J. K. Glasbrenner, I. I. Mazin, Harald O. Jeschke, P. J. Hirschfeld, R. M. Fernandes et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3434 Due to its structural simplicity, iron selenide is an attractive system for understanding the electronic mechanism for superconductivity in iron-based materials. A theoretical study now examines the influence of magnetic frustration in this system. See also: Article by Wang et al. Nematicity and quantum paramagnetism in FeSe   pp959 - 963 Fa Wang, Steven A. Kivelson and Dung-Hai Lee doi:10.1038/nphys3456 Nematic phases with broken crystal rotation symmetry are as ubiquitous in superconductors as they are puzzling. One model shows that frustrated magnetism alone can account for the nematicity in FeSe, which shows no measurable magnetic order. See also: Article by Glasbrenner et al. Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering   pp964 - 970 Matthias Fuchs, Mariano Trigo, Jian Chen, Shambhu Ghimire, Sharon Shwartz et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3452 Radiation-matter interactions can become highly nonlinear when using high-intensity X-ray free-electron lasers. Under such conditions, it is shown that nonlinear Compton scattering has an anomalous redshift, whose origin remains unclear. See also: News and Views by Palffy Single-molecule measurement of the effective temperature in non-equilibrium steady states   pp971 - 977 E. Dieterich, J. Camunas-Soler, M. Ribezzi-Crivellari, U. Seifert and F. Ritort doi:10.1038/nphys3435 Systems exhibiting slow relaxation to equilibrium are often characterized in terms of an effective temperature arising from a modified fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Single-molecule experiments provide direct evidence for the validity of this idea.   Futures Top On the nature of reality   p980 Yaroslav Barsukov doi:10.1038/nphys3570 Boxed in. Corrigendum Top Corrigendum: Rotational state-changing cold collisions of hydroxyl ions with helium   p978 Daniel Hauser, Seunghyun Lee, Fabio Carelli, Steen Spieler, Olga Lakhmanskaya et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3524 Top Advertisement Nature Energy: Call for Papers Launching in January 2016, Nature Energy is now open for submissions and inviting high-quality research from across the natural and social sciences. The journal will be dedicated to exploring all aspects of the on-going discussion of energy provision; from the generation and storage of energy, to its distribution and management, the needs and demands of the different actors, and the impacts that energy technologies and policies have on societies. 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