Scientific Reports Earth Sciences Table of Contents e-alert: 27 October 2015

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27 October 2015      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Earth & Environmental Sciences               Surface soil phytoliths as vegetation and altitude indicators: a study from the southern Himalaya ▶     Xiaohong An, Houyuan Lu, Guoqiang Chu     Phytoliths represent one of the few available altitudinal vegetation proxies for mountain ecosystems. This study analyzed 41 topsoil phytolith samples collected from five …             A parabolic model of drag coefficient for storm surge simulation in the South China Sea ▶     Shiqiu Peng, Yineng Li     Drag coefficient (Cd) is an essential metric in the calculation of momentum exchange over the air-sea interface and thus has large impacts on the simulation or forecast of the …             Nationwide trophic cascades: changes in avian community structure driven by ungulates ▶     Georgina Palmer, Philip A. Stephens, Alastair I. Ward et al.     In recent decades, many ungulate populations have changed dramatically in abundance, resulting in cascading effects across ecosystems. However, studies of such effects are often …             Global hotspots in the present-day distribution of ancient animal and plant lineages ▶     Şerban Procheş, Syd Ramdhani, Sandun J. Perera et al.     The current distribution of biotic lineages that emerged in the deep time has both theoretical and practical implications, in particular for understanding the processes that have …             Niche differentiation of bacterial communities at a millimeter scale in Shark Bay microbial mats ▶     Hon Lun Wong, Daniela-Lee Smith, Pieter T. Visscher et al.     Modern microbial mats can provide key insights into early Earth ecosystems, and Shark Bay, Australia, holds one of the best examples of these systems. Identifying the spatial …             Carbon Nanotubes Act as Contaminant Carriers and Translocate within Plants ▶     Guosheng Chen, Junlang Qiu, Yan Liu et al.     Nanotechnology permits broad advances in agriculture. However, as it is still at a relatively early stage of development, the potential risks remain unclear. Herein, for the …             Nitrogen fluxes at the root-soil interface show a mismatch of nitrogen fertilizer supply and sugarcane root uptake capacity ▶     Richard Brackin, Torgny Näsholm, Nicole Robinson et al.     Globally only ≈50% of applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer is captured by crops, and the remainder can cause pollution via runoff and gaseous emissions. Synchronizing soil N supply …             Mechanical origin of aftershocks ▶     E. Lippiello, F. Giacco, W. Marzocchi et al.     Aftershocks are the most striking evidence of earthquake interactions and the physical mechanisms at the origin of their occurrence are still intensively debated. Novel insights …             Diversity and distribution of fungal communities in the marine sediments of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (High Arctic) ▶     Tao Zhang, Neng Fei Wang, Yu Qin Zhang et al.     This study assessed the diversity and distribution of fungal communities in eight marine sediments of Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, High Arctic) using 454 pyrosequencing with …             Divergent biophysical controls of aquatic CO2 and CH4 in the World’s two largest rivers ▶     Alberto V. Borges, Gwenaël Abril, François Darchambeau et al.     Carbon emissions to the atmosphere from inland waters are globally significant and mainly occur at tropical latitudes. However, processes controlling the intensity of CO2 and CH4 …             Crystal structure, equation of state, and elasticity of phase H (MgSiO4H2) at Earth’s lower mantle pressures ▶     Jun Tsuchiya, Mainak Mookherjee     Dense hydrous magnesium silicate (DHMS) phases play a crucial role in transporting water in to the Earth’s interior. A newly discovered DHMS, phase H (MgSiO4H2), is stable at …             First discovery of Holocene cryptotephra in Amazonia ▶     Elizabeth J. Watson, Graeme T. Swindles, Ivan P. Savov et al.     The use of volcanic ash layers for dating and correlation (tephrochronology) is widely applied in the study of past environmental changes. We describe the first cryptotephra …             Anaerobic ammonium oxidation and its contribution to nitrogen removal in China’s coastal wetlands ▶     Lijun Hou, Yanling Zheng, Min Liu et al.     Over the past several decades, human activities have caused substantial enrichment of reactive nitrogen in China’s coastal wetlands. Although anaerobic ammonium oxidation …             Are invasive plants more competitive than native conspecifics? Patterns vary with competitors ▶     Yulong Zheng, Yulong Feng, Alfonso Valiente-Banuet et al.     Invasive plants are sometimes considered to be more competitive than their native conspecifics, according to the prediction that the invader reallocates resources from defense to …             Metabolomics reveals metabolic changes in male reproductive cells exposed to thirdhand smoke ▶     Bo Xu, Minjian Chen, Mengmeng Yao et al.     Thirdhand smoke (THS) is a new term for the toxins in cigarette smoke that linger in the environment long after the cigarettes are extinguished. The effects of THS exposure on …             Archived DNA reveals fisheries and climate induced collapse of a major fishery ▶     Sara Bonanomi, Loïc Pellissier, Nina Overgaard Therkildsen et al.     Fishing and climate change impact the demography of marine fishes, but it is generally ignored that many species are made up of genetically distinct locally adapted populations …             Spectrometry of the Earth using Neutrino Oscillations ▶     C. Rott, A. Taketa, D. Bose     The unknown constituents of the interior of our home planet have provoked the human imagination and driven scientific exploration. We herein demonstrate that large neutrino …             Principal nonlinear dynamical modes of climate variability ▶     Dmitry Mukhin, Andrey Gavrilov, Alexander Feigin et al.     We suggest a new nonlinear expansion of space-distributed observational time series. The expansion allows constructing principal nonlinear manifolds holding essential part of …             Untangling the biological effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles: the role of surface valence states ▶     Gerardo Pulido-Reyes, Ismael Rodea-Palomares, Soumen Das et al.     Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria; CNPs) have been found to have both pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant effects on different cell systems or organisms. In order to untangle the …             Heavy metal removal from MSWI fly ash by electrokinetic remediation coupled with a permeable activated charcoal reactive barrier ▶     Tao Huang, Dongwei Li, Liu Kexiang et al.     This paper presents the investigations into the feasibility of the application of a remediation system that couples electrokinetic remediation (EKR) with the permeable reactive …             An auto-adaptive optimization approach for targeting nonpoint source pollution control practices ▶     Lei Chen, Guoyuan Wei, Zhenyao Shen     To solve computationally intensive and technically complex control of nonpoint source pollution, the traditional genetic algorithm was modified into an auto-adaptive pattern, and …             Corrigendum: An indica rice genotype showed a similar yield enhancement to that of hybrid rice under free air carbon dioxide enrichment ▶     Chunwu Zhu, Xi Xu, Dan Wang et al.                 Erratum: Martian outflow channels: How did their source aquifers form, and why did they drain so rapidly? ▶     J. Alexis P. Rodriguez, Jeffrey S. Kargel, Victor R. Baker et al.                 How to Regenerate and Protect Desert Riparian Populus euphratica Forest in Arid Areas ▶     Hongbo Ling, Pei Zhang, Hailiang Xu et al.     We found that the most suitable flooding disturbance model for regenerating Populus euphratica forest was two to three times per year with a duration of 15–20 days and an …             InSAR analysis of surface deformation over permafrost to estimate active layer thickness based on one-dimensional heat transfer model of soils ▶     Zhiwei Li, Rong Zhao, Jun Hu et al.     This paper presents a novel method to estimate active layer thickness (ALT) over permafrost based on InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) observation and the heat …             Morphological Variability and Distinct Protein Profiles of Cultured and Endosymbiotic Symbiodinium cells Isolated from Exaiptasia pulchella ▶     Buntora Pasaribu, Li-Chi Weng, I-Ping Lin et al.     Symbiodinium is a dinoflagellate that plays an important role in the physiology of the symbiotic relationships of Cnidarians such as corals and sea anemones. However, it is very …             Spatially extensive microbial biogeography of the Indian Ocean provides insights into the unique community structure of a pristine coral atoll ▶     Thomas C. Jeffries, Martin Ostrowski, Rohan B. Williams et al.     Microorganisms act both as drivers and indicators of perturbations in the marine environment. In an effort to establish baselines to predict the response of marine habitats to …             Species extinction thresholds in the face of spatially correlated periodic disturbance ▶     Jinbao Liao, Zhixia Ying, David E. Hiebeler et al.     The spatial correlation of disturbance is gaining attention in landscape ecology, but knowledge is still lacking on how species traits determine extinction thresholds under …                     • Careers & Jobs           naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Research Associate     University College London (UCL)            Senior Lab Manager     Karolinska Institutet (KI)            Postdoctoral Associate     Weill Cornell Medical School            Postdoctoral Fellow     University of Virginia            Postdoctoral Researcher     University of Edinburgh            25 PhD Fellowships     Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, QBM Munich,             Postdoctoral Researcher     Temple University School of Medicine            Grants Adviser (Fixed Term 12 Months)     Wellcome Trust            Biomedical Scientist     iPP (Integrated Pathology Partnerships)            Bioinformatician     University of Cambridge          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. 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