Nature Geoscience contents: November 2015 Volume 8 Number 11 pp815-890

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TABLE OF CONTENTS November 2015 Volume 8, Issue 11 Editorial Commentary News and Views Correction Letters Articles Corrigenda Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Energy: Call for Papers Launching in January 2016, Nature Energy is now open for submissions and inviting high-quality research from across the natural and social sciences. The journal will be dedicated to exploring all aspects of the on-going discussion of energy provision; from the generation and storage of energy, to its distribution and management, the needs and demands of the different actors, and the impacts that energy technologies and policies have on societies. Submit your next research paper to the journal.     Editorial Top Protect sites and samples   p815 doi:10.1038/ngeo2587 The restrictions and protocols surrounding the collection and storage of field samples in the Earth sciences are not always complied with. Offences must not be taken lightly. Commentary Top Destructive sampling ethics   pp817 - 818 Rob Butler doi:10.1038/ngeo2572 Despite legislation to protect natural sites, rock outcrops are being damaged in the name of science. Scientists, funders and publishers must push forward a stronger code of ethics. News and Views Top Climate change: Unattributed hurricane damage   pp819 - 820 Stéphane Hallegatte doi:10.1038/ngeo2576 In the United States, hurricanes have been causing more and more economic damage. A reanalysis of the disaster database using a statistical method that accounts for improvements in resilience opens the possibility that climate change has played a role. See also: Article by Estrada et al. Chemical oceanography: The ocean's pressure cooker   pp820 - 821 Steven R. Beaupré doi:10.1038/ngeo2562 Little is known about the mechanisms that destroy the oldest organic molecules found in seawater. Field and laboratory observations suggest that these molecules are destroyed by the heat and pressure of deep-sea hydrothermal systems. See also: Letter by Hawkes et al. Cryosphere: Order in Antarctic ice streams   p822 O. V. Sergienko doi:10.1038/ngeo2536 Ice streams transport ice rapidly from the interior of the Antarctic ice sheet to the coast. An analysis of surface flow convergence suggests that ice flow and geometry are intricately linked within these ice streams. See also: Letter by Ng Seismology: Taking it slow   pp823 - 824 Heather M. Savage doi:10.1038/ngeo2565 The 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake ruptured part of a fault that typically slips in slow, transient events. Laboratory experiments show that when fault rocks are sheared at slow, plate tectonic speeds, the fault can slip either quickly or slowly. See also: Letter by Ikari et al. Sustainability: Putting local food to the test   p824 Jonathan E. Hickman doi:10.1038/ngeo2579 Sedimentology: Digging deeper   pp825 - 826 Murray Gingras & Kurt Konhauser doi:10.1038/ngeo2548 The Cambrian evolution of burrowing species is thought to have facilitated sediment mixing. However, sediment fabrics suggest that bioturbation remained insignificant until the appearance of more efficient sediment mixers in the Silurian. See also: Letter by Tarhan et al. Geoscience JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Fellowships Carnegie Institution of Washington Faculty positions in geology American University of Beirut 2016 Postdoctoral Fellowship Program Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Open Staff Position at the Geophysical Laboratory Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington More Science jobs from Correction Top Correction   p827 doi:10.1038/ngeo2575 Letters Top Spectral evidence for hydrated salts in recurring slope lineae on Mars   pp829 - 832 Lujendra Ojha, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Scott L. Murchie, Alfred S. McEwen, James J. Wray et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2546 Transient streaks that appear seasonally on Martian slopes are consistent with brine flows, but evidence of water or salts has been lacking. Analysis of spectral data reveals hydrated salts associated with the streaks, confirming a briny origin. Weather chains during the 2013/2014 winter and their significance for seasonal prediction   pp833 - 837 Huw C. Davies doi:10.1038/ngeo2561 Progress in seasonal weather prediction outside the tropics has been slow. An analysis of observation-based meteorological data for winter 2013/2014 suggests that the upper-tropospheric components of weather systems could be useful for prediction. Systematic change in global patterns of streamflow following volcanic eruptions   pp838 - 842 Carley E. Iles & Gabriele C. Hegerl doi:10.1038/ngeo2545 Following large explosive volcanic eruptions, precipitation decreases over much of the globe. An analysis of streamflow records from fifty large rivers reveals statistically significant flow reductions in some regions, but increases in others. Biomass production efficiency controlled by management in temperate and boreal ecosystems   pp843 - 846 M. Campioli, S. Vicca, S. Luyssaert, J. Bilcke, E. Ceschia et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2553 Some of the energy from photosynthesis is used in production of biomass. An analysis of plant productivity measurements reveals that site management is the main factor controlling how efficiently plants produce biomass, not fertility. Spatial complexity of ice flow across the Antarctic Ice Sheet   pp847 - 850 Felix S. L. Ng doi:10.1038/ngeo2532 Ice streams control the discharge of ice from the interior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to the coast. A map of flow convergence suggests that ice-stream flow is subject to a mechanical regulation that limits flow-orthonormal strain rates. See also: News and Views by Sergienko Rock comminution as a source of hydrogen for subglacial ecosystems   pp851 - 855 J. Telling, E. S. Boyd, N. Bone, E. L. Jones, M. Tranter et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2533 Microbes live under glaciers that have persisted for millions of years, without a clear energy supply. Analyses of crushed rocks suggest that interactions of glaciers with the rocks beneath can produce enough H2 to support methanogenic bacteria. Efficient removal of recalcitrant deep-ocean dissolved organic matter during hydrothermal circulation   pp856 - 860 Jeffrey A. Hawkes, Pamela E. Rossel, Aron Stubbins, David Butterfield, Douglas P. Connelly et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2543 The fate of old, recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon in oceans is unclear. Field samples show that loss during circulation in hydrothermal vents can account for the 40-million-year lifetime of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon in oceans. See also: News and Views by Beaupre Southern Ocean buoyancy forcing of ocean ventilation and glacial atmospheric CO2    pp861 - 864 Andrew J. Watson, Geoffrey K. Vallis & Maxim Nikurashin doi:10.1038/ngeo2538 Ocean circulation and dynamics can alter atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Numerical modelling suggests that shifts in surface buoyancy loss and the location of upwelling can sequester CO2 in the Southern Ocean during glacial periods. Protracted development of bioturbation through the early Palaeozoic Era   pp865 - 869 Lidya G. Tarhan, Mary L. Droser, Noah J. Planavsky & David T. Johnston doi:10.1038/ngeo2537 Mobile organisms first appeared in the fossil record prior to the Precambrian–Cambrian transition. Sediment textures indicate that the degree of sediment mixing by animal activity remained low for 120 million years following the transition. See also: News and Views by Gingras & Konhauser Spectrum of slip behaviour in Tohoku fault zone samples at plate tectonic slip rates   pp870 - 874 Matt J. Ikari, Yoshihiro Ito, Kohtaro Ujiie & Achim J. Kopf doi:10.1038/ngeo2547 The Tohoku earthquake ruptured a fault that also generates slow slip events. Laboratory experiments on rock samples from the fault show that this spectrum of slip behaviours is a natural consequence of shearing at slow plate-convergence rates. See also: News and Views by Savage Ubiquitous weakening of faults due to thermal pressurization   pp875 - 879 Robert C. Viesca & Dmitry I. Garagash doi:10.1038/ngeo2554 Faults weaken during earthquakes. Analysis of the amount of energy released during earthquakes globally suggests that heat-induced pressurization of pore fluids can weaken faults during earthquakes of all sizes. Articles Top Economic losses from US hurricanes consistent with an influence from climate change   pp880 - 884 Francisco Estrada, W. J. Wouter Botzen & Richard S. J. Tol doi:10.1038/ngeo2560 The observed increases in hurricane losses are often thought to result solely from societal change. A regression-based analysis of US economic losses reveals an upward trend between 1900 and 2005 that is not explained by increasing vulnerability. See also: News and Views by Hallegatte Substantial iron sequestration during green-clay authigenesis in modern deep-sea sediments   pp885 - 889 A. Baldermann, L. N. Warr, I. Letofsky-Papst & V. Mavromatis doi:10.1038/ngeo2542 Pyrite formation has been considered a key iron sink in organic-rich marine sediments. Analyses of sediments from the Ivory Coast–Ghana Marginal Ridge demonstrate that iron can be buried at greater rates during green-clay formation. Corrigenda Top Corrigendum: Polar vortex formation in giant-planet atmospheres due to moist convection    Morgan E O'Neill, Kerry A. Emanuel & Glenn R. Flierl doi:10.1038/ngeo2573 Corrigendum: Spectral evidence for hydrated salts in recurring slope lineae on Mars    Lujendra Ojha, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Scott L. Murchie, Alfred S. McEwen, James J. Wray et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2584 Top Advertisement Nature Plants: Call for Papers Nature Plants launched in January and covers all aspects of plants be it their evolution, genetics, development or metabolism, their interactions with the environment, or their societal significance. The journal welcomes high quality submissions and encourages you and your colleagues to consider submitting your next research paper to the journal.  Submit your next research paper to the journal.     Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. 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