Science X Newsletter Monday, Aug 31

Dear Reader ,

Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for August 31, 2015:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

- Quantum computer that 'computes without running' sets efficiency record
- Engineers find secret to steady drone cameras in swan necks
- Scientists 'squeeze' light one particle at a time
- Best of Last Week –A radiationless revolution, progress towards a fusion reactor and neuroticism's link to over-thinking
- Using ultrathin sheets to discover new class of wrapped shapes
- Naturally-occurring protein enables slower-melting ice cream
- Endangered animals can be identified by rate of genetic diversity loss
- World's most powerful digital camera sees construction green light
- Circuit in the eye relies on built-in delay to see small moving objects
- Gaming computers offer huge, untapped energy savings potential
- Google tries to woo iPhone owners with Android watch app
- Infection with multiple HIV-1 variants leads to poorer clinical outcomes
- Nocturnal, compass-guided insects have a sense for turbulence too
- We've all got a blind spot, but it can be shrunk
- An engineered surface unsticks sticky water droplets

Astronomy & Space news

	Image: Hubble sees a youthful cluster Shown here in a new image taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on board the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope is the globular cluster NGC 1783. This is one of the biggest globular clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of our own galaxy, the Milky Way, in the southern hemisphere constellation of Dorado.
	Imaging lensed, distant galaxies with the large millimeter telescope In the 1980's, observations of nearby galaxies made with the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, along with observations of the far-infrared /submillimeter background with the Cosmic Background Explorer satellite, showed that the universe emits about as much energy density at infrared and submillimeter wavelengths as it does at optical and ultraviolet wavebands. Where does it all come from? A breakthrough came with the discovery of a large population of sources very bright at submillimeter wavelengths at large cosmic distances. These so-called submillimeter selected galaxies (SMGs) have luminosities hundreds of times larger than that of the Milky Way, powered in part by star formation. Identifying and understanding the nature of these sources has, however, proven to be challenging because they are so distant and hence smaller in angular size than most single telescopes can resolve.
	World's most powerful digital camera sees construction green light The Department of Energy has approved the start of construction for a 3.2-gigapixel digital camera - the world's largest - at the heart of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Assembled at the DOE's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the camera will be the eye of LSST, revealing unprecedented details of the universe and helping unravel some of its greatest mysteries.
	NASA tests Orion's fate during parachute failure scenario What would happen to the astronaut crews aboard NASA's Orion deep space capsule in the event of parachute failures in the final moments before splashdown upon returning from weeks to years long forays to the Moon, Asteroids or Mars?
	The dwarf planet Orcus Since the early 2000s, more and more objects have been discovered in the outer solar system that resemble planets. However, until they are officially classified, the terms Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) and Trans-Neptunian Object (TNO) are commonly used. This is certainly true of Orcus, another large object that was spotted in Pluto's neighborhood about a decade ago.
	Galileo satellites fuelled and ready for launcher attachment Europe's latest Galileo satellites are fully fuelled, leaving them ready to be attached to their launcher upper stage in preparation for their 11 September launch.

Technology news

	Engineers find secret to steady drone cameras in swan necks Swans and geese are the envy of aeronautical engineers. Even plump geese can perform remarkable aerial acrobatics – twisting their body and flapping their powerful wings while keeping their head completely still.
	Tipster talks about Google's Project Soli kit invites Google has its eyes on a future of radar-based technology for hand gestures with wearables, and to a future where you can interact with wearable technology without adding physical controls such as buttons. Your fingers can be the buttons. Earlier this year, Project Soli was announced as an interaction sensor making use of radar technology.
	Mouth guard monitors health markers, transmits information wirelessly to smart phone Engineers at the University of California, San Diego, have developed a mouth guard that can monitor health markers, such as lactate, cortisol and uric acid, in saliva and transmit the information wirelessly to a smart phone, laptop or tablet.
	Google tries to woo iPhone owners with Android watch app Google is introducing an application that will connect Android smartwatches with Apple's iPhone, escalating the rivals' battle to strap their technology on people's wrists.
	Gaming computers offer huge, untapped energy savings potential In the world of computer gaming, bragging rights are accorded to those who can boast of blazing-fast graphics cards, the most powerful processors, the highest-resolution monitors, and the coolest decorative lighting. They are not bestowed upon those crowing about the energy efficiency of their system. If they were, gaming computers worldwide might well be consuming billions of dollars less in electricity use annually, with no loss in performance, according to new research from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab).
	Samsung unveils circular smartwatch, but are apps available? Samsung is juicing up its smartwatch with a circular face and more battery life than the Apple Watch, but it's unknown how many apps will be available for it.
	From science fiction to reality—the dawn of the biofabricator "We can rebuild him. We have the technology." - The Six Million Dollar Man, 1973
	The science and fiction behind Blade Runner Science – or strange permutations of it at least – is everywhere in the cinema. At any one time on movie screens around the world, humans are being threatened by lethal viruses, cured from terminal illness by miracle elixirs, rendered superhuman with bionic limbs or made obsolete by robots possessing artificial intelligence.
	Opinion: The threat of robots and automation taking jobs is being overstated Jobs, or more accurately, not having a job, has been in the news this week.
	Cleaning up ship emissions with a steel sponge The world shipbuilding industry is facing drastically stricter requirements for emissions starting this year, and by 2020 emissions will need to be cut even more. Currently, as many as 60 per cent of the world's ports have voluntarily joined forces and agreed that they will refuse access to ships that fail to comply with the emission standards. By 2020, this restriction will apply to all ports.
	Epix reaches multiyear Hulu deal, ends Netflix agreement The cable network Epix jumped from Netflix to Hulu, landing a multiyear, digital subscription video on demand deal with the streaming service.
	Ashley Madison says site growing, insists women are using Embattled dating-for-cheaters website Ashley Madison insisted Monday that a massive hack and release of user data had not affected the site's prospects, with hundreds of thousands of new members—including real women.
	As wind-turbine farms expand, research shows they could offer diminishing returns Renewable wind energy is experiencing a boom, with more wind turbines popping up across landscapes in the U.S. and abroad. Indeed, wind energy accounted for 3.3 percent of electricity generation in the United States in 2011, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Globally, that number was 2.9 percent for the same year.
	Brush-off: Researchers devise a hairbrush that's easy to clean Whether you think of cleaning your hairbrush as a matter of style or hygiene, it is probably not something you like to do.
Report: Colombia collecting bulk data without warrants Intelligence agencies in Colombia have been building robust tools to automatically collect vast amounts of data without judicial warrants and in defiance of a pledge to better protect privacy following a series of domestic spying scandals, according to a new report by Privacy International.
Apple aims to boost mobile device sales with Cisco's help Apple is leaning on Cisco Systems' Internet networking expertise in its latest attempt to sell more iPhones and iPads to corporate customers.
	Belgium plans collection of plane, train, ferry users' data Belgium on Monday unveiled plans for a controversial system to collect data on all airline passengers, as well as international train and ferry travellers, in the wake of a foiled attack on a train running between Belgium and Paris.
India's antitrust probe into Google moves into next phase A lengthy investigation into whether Google has been abusing its dominance of Internet search to stifle competition in India is moving into its next phase.
	Mid-Atlantic aviation partnership explores tethered drone opportunities with florida company The Mid-Atlantic Aviation Partnership at Virginia Tech will collaborate with Drone Aviation Holding Corp., a Jacksonville-based aviation company, to research, test, and advance the commercialization of the company's tethered unmanned aircraft systems, also known as drones.
	A teaching moment in the Ashley Madison hack Why would anyone use their official work or school email address to register for a website that promises to facilitate extramarital affairs?
Smart radio prototype developed in Finland The radio of the future will know the listener's preferences. It will also know when background music is needed and when the user wants to listen intently. The prototype of this online radio learns from user's listening habits, and it is based on a personalisation engine developed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. VTT is searching for a partner to commercialise the idea.
	Listening to roads before construction They're going to build a new road right outside your living room window. The authorities have sent you a 'noise map', but what you really need is to hear what the traffic noise will sound like. Well, soon you can.
	AnalySwift launches Purdue software to speed modeling of composite materials, structures Manufacturers and engineering firms in the advanced composites sector can now use new software developed at Purdue University to reduce the design cycle of materials and structures, and analyze models too complex for existing methods.
	Marines put ONR's augmented reality system to the test with live-fire testing Marines enrolled in the Infantry Officer Course were able to use Office of Naval Research (ONR)-developed augmented reality technology for the first time as part of live-fire training exercises, ONR officials announced Aug. 31.
	State Dept. to release 7,000 pages of emails, 150 censored The State Department will release roughly 7,000 pages of Hillary Rodham Clinton's emails Monday, including about 150 emails that have been censored because they contain information that is now deemed classified.

Medicine & Health news

	Gene regulating severity of tissue damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis identified Scientists have identified a new protein (C5orf30) which regulates the severity of tissue damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, pain, stiffness and damage to the joints of the feet, hips, knees, and hands.
	Close friendships in adolescence predict health in adulthood Teens are often warned to beware the undue influence of peer pressure, but new research suggests that following the pack in adolescence may have some unexpected benefits for physical health in early adulthood.
	Biologists identify mechanisms of embryonic wound repair It's like something out of a science-fiction movie - time-lapse photography showing how wounds in embryos of fruit flies heal themselves. The images are not only real; they shed light on ways to improve wound recovery in humans.
	'Eat me' signal whets appetites for tumor-devouring dendritic cells By changing the mouse model they use to study how the immune system responds to cancer, a team of researchers hopes to shift the focus for one emerging form of cancer immunotherapy back to the standard approach—relying on antigen-presenting dendritic cells—and away from the current upstart, macrophages.
	Genes physically held in silencing 'lock-down' in embryonic stem cells Researchers at the Babraham Institute have discovered a strong physical gene interaction network that is responsible for holding genes in a silencing grip during early development. In the same way that people can interact with others in close proximity, say within the same room, or others millions of miles apart, there are also short- and long-range interactions within the genome forming a three-dimensional configuration where different parts of the genome come into contact with each other. The research, reported online in Nature Genetics, presents how key decision-making genes which specify the embryo's blueprint for subsequent development are physically clustered in the nucleus of embryonic stem cells and maintained in a silent state.
	How neurons get their branching shapes For more than a hundred years, people have known that dendritic arbors—the projections that neurons use to receive information from other neurons—differ in size and shape depending on neuron type. Now, researchers at the RIKEN Brain Science Institute in Japan have discovered a factor helps shape dendritic arbors. Published in Nature Neuroscience, the work reveals how the protein centrosomin prevents dendrites from branching out.
Epigenomic changes are key to innate immunological memory A research team led by Keisuke Yoshida and Shunsuke Ishii of the RIKEN Molecular Genetics Laboratory has revealed that epigenomic changes induced by pathogen infections, mediated by a transcription factor called ATF7, are the underlying mechanism of the memory of innate immunity.
	Deciphering the olfactory receptor code In animals, numerous behaviors are governed by the olfactory perception of their surrounding world. Whether originating in the nose of a mammal or the antennas of an insect, perception results from the combined activation of multiple receptors located in these organs. Identifying the full repertoire of receptors stimulated by a given odorant would represent a key step in deciphering the code that mediates these behaviors. To this end, a tool that provides a complete olfactory receptor signature corresponding to any specific smell was developed in the Faculties of Science and Medicine of the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland.
	We've all got a blind spot, but it can be shrunk You've probably never noticed, but the human eye includes an unavoidable blind spot. That's because the optic nerve that sends visual signals to the brain must pass through the retina, which creates a hole in that light-sensitive layer of tissue. When images project to that precise location, we miss them. Now researchers reporting in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on August 31 have some good news: this blind spot can be effectively "shrunk" with training, despite the fact that the hole in our visual field cannot be.
	Older people getting smarter, but not fitter Older populations are scoring better on cognitive tests than people of the same age did in the past —a trend that could be linked to higher education rates and increased use of technology in our daily lives, say IIASA population researchers.
	Short sleepers are four times more likely to catch a cold: Researchers connect sleep loss to higher rates of illness Scientists have long associated sufficient sleep with good health. Now they've confirmed it.
New type of prion may cause, transmit neurodegeneration Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), a neurodegenerative disorder with similarities to Parkinson's disease, is caused by a newly discovered type of prion, akin to the misfolded proteins involved in incurable progressive brain diseases such Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), according to two new research papers led by scientists at UC San Francisco.
	Infection with multiple HIV-1 variants leads to poorer clinical outcomes HIV-1 infection with multiple founder variants points to poorer clinical outcomes than infection with a single variant, according to a paper published today in the journal Nature Medicine.
	Circuit in the eye relies on built-in delay to see small moving objects When we move our head, the whole visual world moves across our eyes. Yet we can still make out a bee buzzing by or a hawk flying overhead, thanks to unique cells in the eye called object motion sensors. A new study on mice helps explain how these cells do their job, and may bring scientists closer to understanding how complex circuits are formed throughout the nervous system. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health, and was published online in Nature.
	Research in mice shows potential value of antidepressant in some stroke victims Working with mice, researchers at Johns Hopkins have added to evidence that a commonly prescribed antidepressant called fluoxetine helps stroke victims improve movement and coordination, and possibly why.
Knee and hip replacements may be bad for the heart Contrary to recent reports, Boston-based researchers found that osteoarthritis patients who had total knee or hip joint replacement surgery, known as arthroplasty, were at increased risk of heart attack (myocardial infarction) in the early post-operative period. However, findings published in Arthritis & Rheumatology, a journal of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), indicate that long-term risk of heart attack did not persist, while the risk for venous thromboembolism—blood clot in veins and lungs—remained years after the procedure.
	Inner-city neighborhood may affect risk of developing of heart disease, research finds The inner-city neighbourhood in which someone lives may affect his or her risk of developing or dying from cardiovascular disease, a new research paper suggests.
	Research indicates food craving is 'hard-wired' in the brain An international group of researchers have found that food craving activates different brain networks between obese and normal weight patients. This indicates that the tendency to want food may be 'hard-wired' into the brain of overweight patients, becoming a functional brain biomarker.
A healthy environment can prevent heart disease Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart disease and stroke, are the n°1 killer worldwide and in Europe, where they cause the death of over 10 000 people daily, i.e. more than all cancers combined.
	Look to protein breakfasts to make a dent in child obesity People are told repeatedly to eat breakfast, the most important meal of the day. But to make a difference against child obesity, not just any breakfast will do. A protein-based meal makes it more likely that kids—especially overweight ones—will burn more calories than those who eat a carbohydrate-based breakfast.
Guanfacine shown safe and effective in autism treatment Several different drugs are used for reducing hyperactivity and impulsive behavior in children, but most of these medications have not been well-studied in autism spectrum disorder. In a new article in the American Journal of Psychiatry, Lawrence Scahill, MD, from the Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and Emory University School of Medicine, and colleagues across the United States present the results of a multisite trial for extended-release guanfacine in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They report that the extended-release form of guanfacine is safe and effective for reducing hyperactivity and impulsiveness in ASD.
	Helping prevent PTSD in children Research led by a University of Queensland professor has found that web-based intervention can prevent post-traumatic stress disorder developing in children after accidental injury.
	Combating obesity as a market failure The obesity epidemic is growing and becoming ever more costly in the U.S. and other industrialized countries. Generally, that is where agreement ends on the subject.
	Chemo drug works by tricking cells into thinking they're infected A type of chemotherapy drug appears to work by tricking cells into thinking they're infected with viruses, according to Canadian researchers studying bowel cancer cells.
	New therapy offers hope for halting the progression of diabetic kidney disease Monash University and Monash Health researchers have identified a possible new therapy for diabetic kidney disease, the major cause of chronic kidney failure in Australia and many other countries.
Medicare to list 30-minute breast cancer treatment An innovative radiotherapy technique that has the potential to revolutionise the treatment of early breast cancer will become available and affordable for all eligible women under Medicare from tomorrow.
New mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for heart failure In heart failure patients with diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease, a new, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) called finerenone was no more effective than the currently approved MRA eplerenone in reducing the heart failure biomarker N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP].
Study quells concerns about NSAID safety In older patients with arthritis and no history of cardiovascular disease, chronic use of any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug appears safe from a cardiovascular and gastrointestinal stand-point, and regular, non-selective NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and diclofenac appear just as safe as the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib according to results the SCOT trial.
New TECOS analysis adds heart failure data for Sitagliptin Patients with type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease can safely take the antihyperglycemic drug sitagliptin without an increased risk of cardiovascular complications - even if they have a history of heart failure - a new analysis of the TECOS (Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin) study shows.
ELIXA trial shows CV safety of Lixisenatide In patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome, the glucose-lowering medication lixisenatide did not increase or decrease the rate of cardiovascular (CV) events compared to placebo, according to results of the Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ELIXA) trial.
CVD biomarkers respond better to Telmisartan than non-ARB blood pressure meds When it comes to treating high blood pressure, not all anti-hypertensive medications are equal, and results of the ATTEMPT-CVD trial suggest that telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) might have benefits over non-ARB treatment.
Spironolactone "a clear winner" for resistant hypertension In patients with poor blood pressure control despite treatment with a combination of three drugs ('resistant hypertension'), addition of the diuretic spironolactone was significantly more effective than adding other blood pressure lowering drugs, according to results of the PATHWAY-2 trial.
Half-dose combo of common diuretics a "win-win" for hypertension The combination of two commonly used diuretics, each at half dose, can significantly reduce blood pressure without the side-effects caused by full doses of either alone, researchers from the PATHWAY 3 study have found.
	Baby foods packed with fruit and vegetables, but unlikely to encourage children to eat their greens Commercial baby foods contain large amounts of vegetables but are probably too sweet to encourage children to eat their greens, say scientists.
Critical illnesses cause 1 in 20 cancer patients to be admitted to intensive care, with 25% dying Critical illness may affect chances of surviving cancer, a new study has found.
	The signature of Chikungunya Infection with the Chikungunya virus produces a 'signature' pattern of immune messenger molecules in the blood, according to the latest research from A*STAR scientists1. This discovery will hopefully improve patients' prognoses, and lead to better outcomes for the often-debilitating disease.
	Researchers discover a completely legal performance enhancer—friends Exercising together brings us closer to one another, while exercising with those close to us improves our performance. Those are the conclusions of an Oxford University study published this Friday in the journal PLoS ONE.
Better outcomes achieved with ESC guideline adherent antithrombotic management Patients with atrial fibrillation who receive antithrombotic management according to ESC guidelines have better outcomes than those who do not, according to one year follow up results from the ESC's EORP-AF Pilot General Registry presented today at ESC Congress 2015 and published online in Europace.
Young women with diabetes have six-fold risk of heart attack Women aged 45 years and under with diabetes have a six-fold risk of heart attack, according to research presented at ESC Congress today. The study in more than 7 000 women also found that young women who had a heart attack (myocardial infarction, MI) were more likely to be smokers than older women with MI.
Respiratory infection associated with increased death after acute myocardial infarction Respiratory infection is associated with a four-fold increased risk of in-hospital cardiovascular mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), according to research presented at ESC Congress today by Dr Catarina Quina-Rodrigues, a cardiologist at Hospital de Braga in Portugal. The findings highlight the importance of diagnostic alertness for respiratory infections in AMI patients so that therapeutic measures can be promptly taken.
	Inducing metabolic catastrophe in cancer cells A study published in The Journal of Cell Biology describes a way to force cancer cells to destroy a key metabolic enzyme they need to survive.
Gene associated with sudden cardiac death identified by ICD monitoring A gene associated with sudden cardiac death in the general population has been identified using implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) monitoring in research presented for the first time at ESC Congress today. The research included patients from the DISCOVERY trial and Oregon-SUDS and discovered that a polymorphism in the GNAS gene predicted ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Recruitment of leukocytes is a hallmark of stent thrombosis Recruitment of leukocytes is a hallmark of stent thrombosis, according to results from the PRESTIGE study presented today at ESC Congress and published in European Heart Journal. The findings suggest that immune cell mediated thrombotic processes may be a realistic target for novel therapies to prevent stent thrombosis.
Cardiologists fail to identify basic and advanced murmurs Cardiologists failed to identify more than half of basic and about 35 percent of advanced pre-recorded murmurs, but skills improved after a 90 minute training session, according to research presented today at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2015.
'Happy Meals' bill could improve healthfulness of fast food meals for kids in NYC A bill to improve the nutritional value of fast food restaurant meals marketed to children—like McDonald's Happy Meals—could have a wide enough impact to reduce calories, fat, and sodium, according to a new study led by researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center.
Lyme disease testing: Canadians may receive false-positives from some US labs Lyme disease is becoming increasingly common in Canada, and Canadians with Lyme disease symptoms may seek diagnoses from laboratories in the United States, although many of the results will be false-positives, according to a commentary in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
	Heart rate, heart rate variability in older adults linked to poorer function A higher resting heart rate and lower heart rate variability in older adults at high risk of heart disease are associated with poorer ability to function in daily life as well as future decline, according to a new research in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
	Scientists propose attacking bioenergetic metabolism to improve anti-cancer therapies Cancer cells become addicted to glucose, which they use as their regular source of energy to grow and develop. Although this was observed over nine decades ago by the German physiologist, Otto Warburg; there is still not therapeutic strategy today that can effectively take advantage of this special energy requirement. The initial approach appears to be simple: the lack of glucose could specifically induce the death of cancer cells.
	Exclusive breastfeeding and the effect on postpartum multiple sclerosis relapses Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) who intended to breastfeed their infants exclusively for two months had a lower risk of relapse during the first six months after giving birth compared with women who did not breastfeed exclusively , according to an article published online by JAMA Neurology.
Religion, physicians and surrogate decision-makers in the intensive care unit Religious or spiritual considerations were discussed in 16 percent of family meetings in intensive care units and health care professionals only rarely explored the patient's or family's religious or spiritual ideas, according to an article published online by JAMA Internal Medicine.
Depressed patients have more frequent chest pain even in the absence of coronary artery disease Depressed patients have more frequent chest pain even in the absence of coronary artery disease, according to results from the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank presented at ESC Congress today by Dr Salim Hayek, a cardiologist at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia, US. The findings suggest that pain and depression may share a common neurochemical pathway.
MACC1 gene is an independent prognostic biomarker for survival in Klatskin tumor patients Bile duct cancer is rare and is usually detected too late. Often only extensive liver surgery can help or, in rare cases, liver transplantation. But which patients will benefit from surgery and which will not, because their risk of cancer recurrence is too high? With the oncogene MACC1 as a biomarker, physicians for the first time have a tool to decide which treatment option is best for patients with Klatskin carcinoma, one type of bile duct cancer. If MACC1 expression is low, the patients have a good chance that surgery will prolong survival. By contrast, if the gene is upregulated, the risk of recurrence is high. These were the findings of a study by Andri Lederer and Professor Ulrike Stein of the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), an institutional cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin on Campus Berlin -! Buch.
	Retrieval of larger thrombi associated with improved neurological recovery after stroke Retrieval of larger thrombi during intra arterial treatment (IAT) is associated with improved neurological recovery after acute ischaemic stroke, according to a sub study of the MR CLEAN trial presented at ESC Congress today by Dr Anouchska Autar, PhD candidate at the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Television viewing linked to higher injury risk in hostile people People with hostile personality traits who watch more television than their peers may be at a greater risk for injury, potentially because they are more susceptible to the influence of television on violence and risk-taking behaviors, a University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health analysis discovered.
Watching more TV as a young adult predicts obesity The more hours young adults spend watching television each day, the greater the likelihood that they'll have a higher body mass index and bigger waist circumference, a 15-year analysis by the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health revealed.
	Spinal manipulation works for back pain—in some people (Edmonton) Depending on whom you ask or what scientific paper you read last, spinal manipulation is either a mercifully quick, effective treatment for low-back pain or a complete waste of time.
A racial gap in kidney transplants closes but work remains A racial gap in kidney transplants appears to have closed, a 13-year study found.
	Some sobering stats on kids and drinking (HealthDay)—Alcohol poses a far greater threat to children than many parents care to admit, a new report warns.
	Azithromycin routine in hospital despite risk for QTc prolongation (HealthDay)—Azithromycin is routinely prescribed to hospitalized patients despite risk factors for corrected QT (QTc) prolongation and administration of interacting medications, according to a study published online Aug. 19 in the Journal of Hospital Medicine.
	AMA: Ruling makes it easier for insurers to terminate doctors (HealthDay)—The outcome of a recent case regarding the termination of physicians by an insurance company following a dispute over the necessity of medical services provided has serious implications for physicians and their patients, according to a report published by the American Medical Association (AMA).
	Takayasu arteritis, ulcerative colitis co-occurrence rate high (HealthDay)—Takayasu arteritis (TAK) has a high rate of co-occurrence and genetic overlap with ulcerative colitis (UC), according to a study published in the August issue of Arthritis & Rheumatology.
	Lower risk of dabigatran-tied bleeding with gastroprotection (HealthDay)—For patients taking dabigatran, the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is reduced with use of gastroprotective agents, according to a study published in the September issue of Gastroenterology.
	Psychological features impact myofascial paraspinous pain Tx (HealthDay)—For patients with chronic myofascial paraspinous pain, psychological characteristics, especially anxiety, influence response to interventional pain management, according to a study published online Aug. 26 in Pain Medicine.
	Low adherence to guidelines for prevention of catheter infections (HealthDay)—Many health care providers don't follow guidelines meant to reduce the risk of infection from arterial catheter placement in intensive care unit patients, according to research published online Aug. 7 in Critical Care Medicine.
	Foot site independent risk factor for melanoma outcome (HealthDay)—Foot melanoma seems to represent a specific subgroup and is a negative independent prognostic factor for disease-specific survival and disease-free interval, according to a study published in the September issue of the International Journal of Dermatology.
Women in poor areas twice as likely to develop clinical anxiety as men Women living in poor areas in the UK are almost twice as likely to develop clinical anxiety as women in richer areas. However, whether men lived in poorer or richer areas made no difference to their levels of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). These are amongst the main findings of a major survey on how socio-economic factors affect mental health in the UK.
Scientists elucidate the role of a key molecule involved in eosinophilic esophagitis Scientists from the D'Or Institute of Research and Education (IDOR), the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and the Yale University School of Medicine have elucidated the chemical process behind a mysterious gastrointestinal disease that is becoming more frequent every day: the eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), also known as the "asthma of the esophagus". The researchers identified a molecule which plays a key role in this condition and that can be a target in a new therapeutic strategy.
	Overlooked for 30 years: Novel peptide plays role in Alzheimer's disease A team led by Christian Haass has identified a novel peptide that plays a role in Alzheimer's disease: The previously overlooked eta-amyloid interferes with neuronal function and may antogonize beta-amyloid – a finding that has implications for ongoing clinical trials.
	Clinic notes should be re-engineered to meet needs of physicians When physicians prepare for patient visits, one of their first steps is to review clinic notes or health records that recap their patients' medical history. Since the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009, approximately 78 percent of office-based physicians have adopted electronic health records (EHR). However, previous research found only 38 percent of physicians were highly satisfied with the system, and many believe the way a patient's health information is displayed in EHRs reduces the efficiency and productivity of patient care. Now, in a new study, University of Missouri researchers say it is time to redesign EHR documentation tools to better meet the needs of physicians in order to deliver the best care to patients.
	Researchers find predictor of child vocabulary At 12 months old, your infant's ability to group objects according to the names associated with them—as opposed to their appearance alone—offers a glimpse into how his or her vocabulary will develop by the time they are 18 months, Northwestern University researchers have found.
Team examines risk factors/patient outcomes associated with colorectal cancer About 20 percent of colorectal cancer patients have cancers that have spread (metastasized) beyond the colon at the time of their diagnosis. The liver is the most common site for these metastases. The approach to treating primary tumors within the colon and metastatic tumors in the liver continues to evolve; however, it typically involves chemotherapy plus surgical removal (resection) of both types of tumors. However, experts continue to debate whether surgical resection of primary tumors and metastatic tumors should be performed at the same time (synchronously) or in separate operations (sequentially).
Study shows benefits for COPD patients using digital health application Early intervention facilitated by a digital health application for reporting symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) provides key benefits for patients, according to the results of a Temple-led, two-year clinical study.
	Raising pay can reduce smoking rates In addition to restricting when and where tobacco is used at work, UC Davis Health System research shows that employers can do something else to reduce smoking: raise wages.
	Magnetic stimulation effective in helping Parkinson's patients walk About 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience freezing of gait (FOG), an inability to move forward while walking. This can affect not only mobility but also balance. In a new study published in Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, researchers report that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can reduce FOG and improve other motor skills in PD patients.
Medication treatment for opioid use disorders in primary care increases patient access Clinicians at Boston Medical Center (BMC) showed that expanding the number of sites offering office-based opioid treatment with buprenorphine (OBOT B) utilizing addiction nurse care managers, trainings and technical support resulted in more physicians becoming waivered to prescribe buprenorphine and more patients accessing treatment at sites across Massachusetts. This model, highlighted online in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, demonstrates the efficacy of this medication-assisted treatment modality as a sustainable way to treat greater numbers of patients with opioid use disorders in a primary care setting at community health centers (CHC).
'But doctor, I'm not ill'—insight in psychotic patients How do you convince someone with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders that they are ill if they don't want to believe it? If you don't recognize that you are ill, you may resist treatment, but is there something which causes this lack of awareness? Awareness of illness, also known as 'insight', is a serious problem in the treatment of psychotic patients. Now work being presented at the ECNP Congress in Amsterdam investigates whether concentrations of a marker of brain cell dysfunction are associated with impaired insight.
	Gene leads to nearsightedness when kids read Vision researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have discovered a gene that causes myopia, but only in people who spend a lot of time in childhood reading or doing other "nearwork."
	Men who buy sex have much in common with sexually coercive men "It's like she's not really there."- Study participant who bought sex
Two programs launching to reduce hospital readmissions, ease ER overcrowding The UCLA Center for Prehospital Care and collaborators from the Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agency and the Glendale and Santa Monica fire departments are launching two pilot programs designed to reduce hospital readmissions, address overcrowding in emergency rooms, lower healthcare costs and boost patient satisfaction and quality of life.
	Organized self-management support eases chronic depression How to reach people with chronic or recurrent depression? In a randomized trial, they benefited from a self-management support service that included regular outreach care management and a self-care group with a combined behavioral and recovery-oriented approach. Over 18 months, patients improved significantly in all four measured outcomes. Compared to patients in usual care, they had less severe symptoms and less likelihood of having major depression, higher recovery scores, and higher likelihood of being much improved. Psychiatric Services published 'Organized Self-Management Support Services for Chronic Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial'.
	Some with low-risk prostate cancer not likely to succumb to the disease Men with relatively unaggressive prostate tumors and whose disease is carefully monitored by urologists are unlikely to develop metastatic prostate cancer or die of their cancers, according to results of a study by researchers at the Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins, who analyzed survival statistics up to 15 years.
	Many teens with chronic illnesses use alcohol, pot (HealthDay)—Teens with chronic diseases such as asthma and juvenile arthritis have to manage their health carefully, yet many of them have had alcohol or smoked marijuana in the last year, a new study shows.
	Seniors often underestimate their frailty, study finds (HealthDay)—Many American seniors seen at emergency departments overestimate their mobility, according to a recent study.
	Physicians' peers influence use of new cancer Tx modalities (HealthDay)—Physicians whose peers were early adopters of brachytherapy for the treatment of women with early-stage breast cancer are more likely to adopt the therapy themselves, according to a study published in the Aug. 15 issue of Cancer.
	Multidisciplinary rehab tops CBT for chronic fatigue syndrome (HealthDay)—For patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatment (MRT) is more effective for reducing fatigue than cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), according to a study published online Aug. 26 in the Journal of Internal Medicine.
	Osteonecrosis of jaw risk highest for IV bisphosphonate use (HealthDay)—The risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is highest in association with intravenous bisphosphonate use, according to a study published online Aug. 19 in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.
	Outcomes up for femtosecond laser-assisted cataract Sx (HealthDay)—Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) is associated with improved outcomes compared with conventional cataract surgery, according to a study published online Aug. 27 in Lasers in Surgery and Medicine.
	Nonalbuminuric CKD ups cardiovascular morbidity in T1DM (HealthDay)—Nonalbuminuric chronic kidney disease is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, but not renal outcomes, in patients with type 1 diabetes, according to a study published online Aug. 26 in Diabetes Care.
	Periodontal disease predicts CAC progression in type 1 diabetes (HealthDay)—In patients with type 1 diabetes, but not those without diabetes, periodontal disease duration is an independent predictor of long-term progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC), according to a study published in the Sept. 15 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology.
	Continuous therapy improves survival in multiple myeloma (HealthDay)—In patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, novel agent-based continuous therapy (CT) significantly improves progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) compared with fixed duration of therapy (FDT), according to a study published online Aug. 17 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
	Clinical study tests microneedle skin patches as alternative to flu shot A new clinical study at Emory University is testing whether microneedle patches applied to the skin may be a safe and effective alternative to conventional flu shots. The study is currently underway and enrolling volunteers.
	Researchers develop drug to treat scarring and autoimmune diseases An anti-scarring drug invented by UBC researchers will soon complete testing to determine its safety in humans as a topically administered drug. This marks the first time UBC researchers have conducted clinical testing of a drug they developed without industry sponsorship.
	Does exercise benefit the mildly depressed? Scientists hope to use brain imaging to determine for the first time whether the effects of exercise on mildly depressed people can be observed on a neurological level.
	How we're building a community to beat oesophageal cancer "I am the face behind your pipettes."
Examining adolescent brain development For the next few years hundreds of young people will have their brains scanned at the Mind Research Network on the University of New Mexico's north campus as researchers try to understand precisely how normal young brains rapidly develop the complex neural networks humans need to understand and function in the world.
Overcoming the breastfeeding barriers black women face We started August with World Breastfeeding Week and a post on how women aren't getting the support they need to meet their own breastfeeding goals. August ends with another important theme: Black Breastfeeding Week.
	The myth of the "Freshman 15" It's nearly back-to-school time. For many recent high-school graduates, the next week or two represent the beginning of a whole new chapter: post-secondary education. Of all the challenges college freshmen need to contend with, worrying about potential weight gain should be the least of their worries. Unfortunately, due to a pervasive myth that has been too often repeated, weight gain may be on the minds of many undergraduate students.
Examining service delivery, patient outcomes in Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Outpatient human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) health care facilities funded by the federal Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) were more likely to provide case management, mental health, substance abuse and other support services than those facilities not funded by the program, according to an article published online by JAMA Internal Medicine.
	Blue Bell resumes selling ice cream after listeria recall Blue Bell ice cream is back.
	Gene therapy fully restores vision in mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis Mice lacking the protein retGC1, which is deficient in humans suffering Leber congenital amaurosis-1 (LCA1), a disorder that causes severe visual impairment beginning in infancy, received gene therapy to replace retGC1 and showed fully restored visual function that persisted for at least 6 months. The success of this approach strongly support clinical testing of a gene therapy targeted to the retinas of LCA1 patients, conclude the authors of the study published in Human Gene Therapy.
Preventive medicine experts speak out about reducing firearm violence Every week in the U.S. an average of 645 people lose their lives to firearm violence and 1,565 more are treated in an emergency department for a firearm-related injury. Most of these events do not make headlines, but they account for about 7% of the premature deaths before age 65 in the U.S. In a special issue of Preventive Medicine, preventive medicine and health policy experts address a wide range of critical topics related to firearm violence, from the interaction of alcohol abuse with gun violence, effects of changes to gun laws in various states, how criminals obtain guns in a large U.S. city, to how the public perceives gun violence and gun policies.
The five-colour nutritional labelling system is the most effective for consumers While the French High Council for Public Health (HCSP) made public on Monday, 24 August 2015, a positive opinion regarding the relevance of the 5-colour code for the public, a team of researchers (Inserm/INRA/Paris 13 University) directed by Serge Hercberg, on publication of their article in the journal Nutrients, demonstrated that the 5-colour nutrition label (5-CNL) is the most effective nutritional information system for allowing consumers to recognise and compare the nutritional quality of foods, including "at-risk" populations (older subjects, those with a lower educational level, lower income, lower nutritional knowledge, and overweight or obese individuals).
Sex-specific biomarkers are needed to learn why heart attacks kill more women than men Disproportionately more women than men die due to cardiovascular disease and heart attacks in the U.S., and current risk scoring systems—based on factors measured mainly in male populations—are poor predictors of mortality risk for women who suffer cardiac arrest. The need for sex-specific biomarker and risk stratification tools to improve diagnosis and treatment is clearly described in the Editorial "Sex, Myocardial Infarction, and the Failure of Risk Scores in Women," published in Journal of Women's Health.
Experts to investigate new Ebola case in north Sierra Leone Ebola experts are in Sierra Leone's Kambia district investigating a case that emerged less than a week after the country's last known patient was discharged from hospital, a World Health Organization spokeswoman said Monday.
	Video: What is a 'complete breakfast'? It's the most important meal of the day. Or is it? Breakfast has been the topic of much debate.
Judge sides with anti-abortion group in birth control case A federal judge on Monday sided with an anti-abortion group in its challenge of a key birth control provision of the Obama administration's health care overhaul.
New Ebola death in Sierra Leone sets back efforts to beat epidemic A woman who died last week in northern Sierra Leone tested positive for Ebola, the National Ebola Response Centre (NERC) said Monday, in a setback for the country's bid to gain Ebola-free status.

Biology news

Researchers unveil DNA-guided 3-D printing of human tissue A UCSF-led team has developed a technique to build tiny models of human tissues, called organoids, more precisely than ever before using a process that turns human cells into a biological equivalent of LEGO bricks. These mini-tissues in a dish can be used to study how particular structural features of tissue affect normal growth or go awry in cancer. They could be used for therapeutic drug screening and to help teach researchers how to grow whole human organs.
	Nocturnal, compass-guided insects have a sense for turbulence too When nocturnal insects make their high-flying journeys through the darkness of night, they may have more than an internal compass to guide them on their way. Researchers reporting in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on August 31 show that Silver Y moths (Autographa gamma) also rely on turbulence cues to keep themselves from drifting off course in the wind.
	Plastic in 99 percent of seabirds by 2050 Researchers from CSIRO and Imperial College London have assessed how widespread the threat of plastic is for the world's seabirds, including albatrosses, shearwaters and penguins, and found the majority of seabird species have plastic in their gut.
	Endangered animals can be identified by rate of genetic diversity loss A Purdue University study presents a novel approach for identifying vertebrate populations at risk of extinction by estimating the rate of genetic diversity loss, a measurement that could help researchers and conservationists better identify and rank species that are threatened or endangered.
	Imitating viruses to deliver drugs to cells Viruses are able to redirect the functioning of cells in order to infect them. Inspired by their mode of action, scientists from the CNRS and Université de Strasbourg have designed a "chemical virus" that can cross the double lipid layer that surrounds cells, and then disintegrate in the intracellular medium in order to release active compounds. To achieve this, the team used two polymers they had designed, which notably can self-assemble or dissociate, depending on the conditions. This work, the result of collaborative efforts by chemists, biologists and biophysicists, is published in the 1st September issue of Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
	Some shark species more likely to die during fisheries capture than others A team of researchers from Monash University, in collaboration with Flinders University has, for the first time, investigated how varied breathing modes of different shark species affect the chances of shark and ray death during fisheries capture.
	Scientists describe new clam species from depths off Canada's Atlantic coast Canadian scientists have described a new species of giant file clam, originally collected from deep waters off Newfoundland 30 years ago. The scientific paper, published in the journal Zootaxa, is co-authored by researchers with the Canadian Museum of Nature and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Bedford Institute of Oceanography).
	Lizards can stomach island living Life on an island isn't always easy. To make the most of the little there is to eat on many Greek islands, the digestive system of Balkan green lizards has evolved considerably compared to family members on the mainland. Surprisingly, many of these insect-eating lizards even have special valves that help to digest plants. These are some of the findings from a study led by Konstantinos Sagonas of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in Greece, published in Springer's journal The Science of Nature.
	Millipede research 2.0: A new dimension in documenting new species The first scientific description of a newly discovered species is normally based on one specimen, designated the "holotype" for that species, plus a few extra ones called paratypes. These individual animals - sometimes rare or unique specimens - are usually under the curatorial care of museums, which is clearly necessary but also makes it difficult for other researchers to study them firsthand.
	Stock recovery plan for Pacific Bluefin tuna urgently needed Members of the Northern Committee (NC) of the Western and Central Pacific Fishery Commission (WCPFC) meeting on Monday next week urgently need to commit to a rigorous recovery plan to address the collapse of Pacific Bluefin tuna stocks. They should also agree on catch limits for tuna weighing less than 30kg, warns WWF.
	Epic walrus gathering on again On both sides of the Bering Strait, summer sea ice has once more dropped to a level that is driving thousands of walruses onto coastal beaches.
	Cancer cells thriving on a mistake About 85-90 per cent of the cancer cells have the wrong number of chromosomes. But how do they survive and develop under these conditions? WWTF-"Young Investigator" Christopher Campbell and his team will trace the basic causes for that in the course of the following six years.
Linking photosynthesis to respiration As part of an international collaboration, a team of French researchers has revealed new aspects of the cellular mechanisms underlying the amazing photosynthesizing capabilities of the tiny single-cell marine organisms known as diatoms.
	Breakthrough in understanding the origins of language Researchers from the "Cognitive Neuroimaging" unit at NeuroSpin have identified a network of brain regions whose organisation may at least partly explain the specificity of the cognitive functions of the human species. These regions are specifically activated in humans but not in macaques, in response to specific changes in a series of recorded auditory sequences.
	Does your personality affect your dog? Here's how you can find out When I adopted my dog Kia from a puppy rescue center three years ago, I became a member of a growing sub-culture of people who focus their time, money, and love on their dogs.
White-tailed eagles avoid large bullet fragments during consumption of carcasses White-tailed eagles detect and avoid the ingestion of large metal particles (larger than 8 mm) but ignore smaller metal particles whilst feeding on shot mammalian carcasses. Lead-based bullets split into numerous small metal fragments when penetrating an animal's body, whereas lead-free rifle bullets either deform without leaving any particles in the tissue or fragment into larger particles. Thus, the use of lead-free bullets may prevent lead poisoning of scavengers. These findings have recently been discovered by scientists of the German Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) and are now published in the scientific journal European Journal of Wildlife Research.

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