Nature Medicine Contents: August 2015 Volume 21 Number 8 pp 828-961

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Advertisement Frontiers in Cancer Science 2015 Converging Novel Cancer Discoveries 2 - 4 November University Cultural Centre, National University of Singapore Hear innovative science and gain innovative insights to a diverse repertoire of cancer research at the FCS 2015 Conference! TABLE OF CONTENTS August 2015 Volume 21, Issue 8 News News and Views Perspectives Brief Communications Articles Letters Resources Technical Report Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Podcast Advertisement EPIGENOME ROADMAP  Nature Publishing Group presents an online portal -the Epigenome Roadmap - which collects key research papers from The NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Program, complemented by thematical 'threads' to help the readers mine the wealth of available information. Produced with exclusive support from Illumina   News Top News Features Challenge accepted: Human challenge trials for dengue   pp828 - 830 Wudan Yan doi:10.1038/nm0815-828 Going batty: Studying natural reservoirs to inform drug development   pp831 - 833 Wudan Yan doi:10.1038/nm0815-831 News in Brief Biomedical briefing   pp834 - 835 doi:10.1038/nm0815-834 Problem of persisters persists, but anti-cancer drugs hold hope   pp836 - 837 Boer Deng doi:10.1038/nm0815-836 Lung mapping seeks to crack microbial code in cystic fibrosis   pp837 - 838 Shraddha Chakradhar doi:10.1038/nm0815-837 News and Views Top Germs and joints: the contribution of the human microbiome to rheumatoid arthritis   pp839 - 841 Geraint B Rogers doi:10.1038/nm.3916 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder, the etiology of which is poorly understood. A new study reveals dysbiosis in gut and oral microbiomes of affected individuals, potentially providing a basis for patient stratification and clues to pathophysiological mechanisms of RA onset and progression. See also: Article by Zhang et al. Supporting itch: a new role for astrocytes in chronic itch   pp841 - 842 Dustin Green and Xinzhong Dong doi:10.1038/nm.3921 A new study shows that astrocytes are involved in the development of chronic itch in a mouse model. This is dependent on upregulation of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) by the transcription factor STAT-3 and astrogliosis. See also: Letter by Shiratori-Hayashi et al. Progenitor cell engraftment in the lung: at last?   pp842 - 844 Hans-Willem Snoeck doi:10.1038/nm.3923 Engraftment of progenitor cells to effect repair of injured lungs has been a major challenge. A new study combines a conditioning strategy adopted from bone marrow transplantation with a lung injury model to bring this potential therapeutic approach closer to reality. See also: Article by Rosen et al. Breaking bad blood: [beta]2-microglobulin as a pro-aging factor in blood   pp844 - 845 Anthony J Filiano and Jonathan Kipnis doi:10.1038/nm.3926 Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. A new study identified [beta]2-microglobulin as a blood-borne factor that detrimentally influences the brain during the aging process. See also: Letter by Smith et al. Nature Medicine JOBS of the week Dean, Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary PhD studentships in Pulmonary Biology and Medicine University of Giessen Lung Center Open Rank Faculty Search Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Stanford University Assistant / Associate / Full Professor of Radiation Oncology, Tenure-Track University of Pennsylvania Senior Scientist University of Helsinki More Science jobs from Nature Medicine EVENT Genomics and Personalized Medicine 07.02.16 Banff, Canada More science events from Perspectives Top Toward understanding and exploiting tumor heterogeneity   pp846 - 853 Ash A Alizadeh, Victoria Aranda, Alberto Bardelli, Cedric Blanpain, Christoph Bock et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3915 In this Perspective, attendees of the Herrenhausen Tumour Heterogeneity meeting discuss the challenges in understanding tumour heterogeneity and propose ways forward for overcoming these hurdles. The central role of muscle stem cells in regenerative failure with aging   pp854 - 862 Helen M Blau, Benjamin D Cosgrove and Andrew T V Ho doi:10.1038/nm.3918 In this Perspective, the authors discuss the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in muscle regeneration, and they conclude that both are necessary for the action of muscle stem cells in the aging process. Brief Communications Top Short-term cold acclimation improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus   pp863 - 865 Mark J W Hanssen, Joris Hoeks, Boudewijn Brans, Anouk A J J van der Lans, Gert Schaart et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3891 A small clinical trial shows that short-term cold acclimation to moderately-cold temperature improves the glucose homeostasis of individuals with type 2 diabetes, without an appreciable activation of their brown adipose tissue. c-kit+ cells adopt vascular endothelial but not epithelial cell fates during lung maintenance and repair   pp866 - 868 Qiaozhen Liu, Xiuzhen Huang, Hui Zhang, Xueying Tian, Lingjuan He et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3888 Lineage tracing shows that, contrary to a recent report, c-kit+ cells take on a vascular endothelial cell fate, not an epithelial one, after lung injury or during normal homeostasis.   Articles Top Preconditioning allows engraftment of mouse and human embryonic lung cells, enabling lung repair in mice   pp869 - 879 Chava Rosen, Elias Shezen, Anna Aronovich, Yael Zlotnikov Klionsky, Yasmin Yaakov et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3889 Preconditioning the niche after lung injury allows better engraftment by fetal lung tissue and repair. See also: News and Views by Green & Dong Neutrophils promote Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline via LFA-1 integrin   pp880 - 886 Elena Zenaro, Enrica Pietronigro, Vittorina Della Bianca, Gennj Piacentino, Laura Marongiu et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3913 Neutrophils infiltrate the CNS and promote Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and memory loss. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase regulates hepatic nutrient metabolism through Sirt1 protein stabilization   pp887 - 894 Shangyu Hong, Jose M Moreno-Navarrete, Xiaojing Wei, Yusuke Kikukawa, Iphigenia Tzameli et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3882 Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase acts through its product, N1-methylnicotinamide, to stabilize Sirt1 and thus regulate hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. The oral and gut microbiomes are perturbed in rheumatoid arthritis and partly normalized after treatment   pp895 - 905 Xuan Zhang, Dongya Zhang, Huijue Jia, Qiang Feng, Donghui Wang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3914 The gut and oral microbiomes are altered in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, and these changes can be used to stratify individuals for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. See also: News and Views by Rogers Inflammasome-independent role of AIM2 in suppressing colon tumorigenesis via DNA-PK and Akt   pp906 - 913 Justin E Wilson, Alex S Petrucelli, Liang Chen, A Alicia Koblansky, Agnieszka D Truax et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3908 AIM2 suppresses colon tumorigenesis, independently of the inflammasome and IL-1[beta], by interacting with DNA-PK and inhibiting Akt activation. NY-ESO-1-specific TCR-engineered T cells mediate sustained antigen-specific antitumor effects in myeloma   pp914 - 921 Aaron P Rapoport, Edward A Stadtmauer, Gwendolyn K Binder-Scholl, Olga Goloubeva, Dan T Vogl et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3910 Carl June and colleagues report the results of a phase I/II trial of adoptively transferred engineered T cells in patients with advanced multiple myeloma.   Letters Top Targeting B cell receptor signaling with ibrutinib in diffuse large B cell lymphoma   pp922 - 926 Wyndham H Wilson, Ryan M Young, Roland Schmitz, Yandan Yang, Stefania Pittaluga et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3884 Clinical testing of BCR inhibition on DLBCL reveals determinants of response. STAT3-dependent reactive astrogliosis in the spinal dorsal horn underlies chronic itch   pp927 - 931 Miho Shiratori-Hayashi, Keisuke Koga, Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh, Yuta Kohro, Honami Toyonaga et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3912 In response to signals from afferent TRPV1+ C-fibers, STAT3-dependent upregulation of LCN2 in reactive astrocytes of the spinal dorsal horn amplifies itch signaling in multiple rodent models of atopic and contact dermatitis. See also: News and Views by Green & Dong [beta]2-microglobulin is a systemic pro-aging factor that impairs cognitive function and neurogenesis   pp932 - 937 Lucas K Smith, Yingbo He, Jeong-Soo Park, Gregor Bieri, Cedric E Snethlage et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3898 Circulating [beta]2-microglobulin, a component of MHC I, increases with age, promoting age-related cognitive decline and decreased neurogenesis. See also: News and Views by Snoeck Resources Top The prognostic landscape of genes and infiltrating immune cells across human cancers   pp938 - 945 Andrew J Gentles, Aaron M Newman, Chih Long Liu, Scott V Bratman, Weiguo Feng et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3909 A searchable pan-cancer resource generated using data from nearly 18,000 human tumors reveals links between tumor infiltration by particular leukocyte subsets, tumor expression of particular gene signatures, and patient prognosis. Genomic landscape of carcinogen-induced and genetically induced mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma   pp946 - 954 Dany Nassar, Mathilde Latil, Bram Boeckx, Diether Lambrechts and Cedric Blanpain doi:10.1038/nm.3878 Genomic profiling of carcinogen-induced skin tumors in mice provides a comprehensive characterization of their mutational landscape. Technical Report Top Detection of colorectal polyps in humans using an intravenously administered fluorescent peptide targeted against c-Met   pp955 - 961 Jacobus Burggraaf, Ingrid M C Kamerling, Paul B Gordon, Lenneke Schrier, Marieke L de Kam et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3641 Intravenous administration of a fluorescently labeled c-Met-binding peptide enables visualization of polyps not detected using white light. Top Advertisement Presented by Adaptive Biotechnologies, Nature Immunology, Nature Medicine, Nature Biotechnology, and Nature Genetics IMMUNE PROFILING IN HEALTH AND DISEASE September 9-11, 2015 | Seattle, WA, USA  REGISTER NOW!   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. 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