Nature Materials contents: September 2015 Volume 14 Number 9 pp 849-960

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TABLE OF CONTENTS September 2015 Volume 14, Issue 9 Editorial Interviews Research Highlights News and Views Review Letters Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Editorial Top Innovating a way out   p849 doi:10.1038/nmat4417 The ongoing European Union fiscal crisis has taken its toll on research and innovation across several member states. A number of initiatives aim to boost technological innovation as a tool for increasing wealth. Interviews Top The British route to innovation   pp851 - 852 doi:10.1038/nmat4404 Richard Murray of Innovate UK explains to Nature Materials how innovation derived from research findings can boost the production of wealth. Reworking Greek research   pp853 - 855 doi:10.1038/nmat4403 Costas Fotakis, the Greek Alternate Minister for Research and Innovation, explains to Nature Materials how he plans to improve the country's research and innovation landscape under the constraints of austerity. Research Highlights Top CO2 capture: Bespoke zeolites | Molecular machines: Hauling atomic-size loads | Microscopy: Around the single atom | Amyloid fibrils: Forceful growth | Graphene: High-quality delamination News and Views Top Correlated electron systems: Emitting electrons through phonons   pp859 - 860 Valerio Scagnoli and Urs Staub doi:10.1038/nmat4399 Ultrashort laser pulses create strain waves that generate highly mobile charges at an oxide interface. These charges propagate into the oxide layer destroying its antiferromagnetic ordering and insulating properties, providing insight into the physics of metal-insulator transitions. See also: Letter by Forst et al. 2D materials: Ultrafast exciton dynamics   pp860 - 861 Xavier Marie and Bernhard Urbaszek doi:10.1038/nmat4398 Time-resolved measurements of the exciton dynamics in tungsten diselenide monolayers reveal ultrafast radiative recombination of the exciton ground state (~150 fs) and the interplay between optically bright and dark excitons. See also: Letter by Poellmann et al. Cancer treatment: Low-energy electron therapy   pp861 - 863 Léon Sanche doi:10.1038/nmat4333 The fabrication of a self-sustaining source of low-energy electrons in a single-atom layer could help unravel fundamental mechanisms of radiobiological damage and lead to improved cancer therapies. See also: Letter by Pronschinske et al. Weyl fermions: Massless yet real   p863 David Ciudad doi:10.1038/nmat4411 Metal-organic frameworks: Framing upconversion materials   pp864 - 865 Yoan C. Simon and Christoph Weder doi:10.1038/nmat4375 Solid-state organic materials that convert low-power visible light into higher-energy radiation have been synthesized using metal-organic frameworks. This approach could be used to make polymers that increase the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. See also: Article by Mahato et al. Material witness: Could polythene clothes be cool?   p865 Philip Ball doi:10.1038/nmat4406 Metallurgy: Starting and stopping dislocations   pp866 - 867 Andrew M. Minor doi:10.1038/nmat4354 A comparison of dislocation dynamics in two hexagonal close-packed metals has revealed that dislocation movement can vary substantially in materials with the same crystal structure, associated with how the dislocations relax when stationary. See also: Article by Clouet et al. Metallic glasses: Cryogenic rejuvenation   pp867 - 868 Todd C. Hufnagel doi:10.1038/nmat4394 Thermal cycling of a metallic glass to cryogenic temperatures has been found to cause atomic-scale structural rejuvenation. Colloids at interfaces: Pinned down   pp869 - 870 Vinothan N. Manoharan doi:10.1038/nmat4400 A colloidal particle straddling an air/water interface experiences an unexpectedly large viscous drag. See also: Letter by Boniello et al. Nature Materials JOBS of the week Postdoctoral position in Flexible Neuroelectronics using 2D materials The University of Texas – Austin, Microelectronics Research Center Postdoctoral Positions Available Penn State University Tenure-track Junior Level Faculty Position Stanford University More Science jobs from Nature Materials EVENT NuMat 2016: The Nuclear Materials Conference 07.11.16 Montpellier, France More science events from Review Top New perspectives for Rashba spin-orbit coupling   pp871 - 882 A. Manchon, H. C. Koo, J. Nitta, S. M. Frolov and R. A. Duine doi:10.1038/nmat4360 This Review discusses recent and ongoing realizations of Rashba physics in various fields of physics and materials science. Letters Top Spatially resolved ultrafast magnetic dynamics initiated at a complex oxide heterointerface   pp883 - 888 M. Först, A. D. Caviglia, R. Scherwitzl, R. Mankowsky, P. Zubko, V. Khanna, H. Bromberger, S. B. Wilkins, Y.-D. Chuang, W. S. Lee, W. F. Schlotter, J. J. Turner, G. L. Dakovski, M. P. Minitti, J. Robinson, S. R. Clark, D. Jaksch, J.-M. Triscone, J. P. Hill, S. S. Dhesi and A. Cavalleri doi:10.1038/nmat4341 Large-amplitude, infrared-active vibrations excited in a LaAlO3 substrate induce magnetic order melting in a NdNiO3 film. The melt front initiated at the interface propagates in the film at supersonic speeds, likely to be driven by electronic processes. See also: News and Views by Scagnoli & Staub Resonant internal quantum transitions and femtosecond radiative decay of excitons in monolayer WSe2   pp889 - 893 C. Poellmann, P. Steinleitner, U. Leierseder, P. Nagler, G. Plechinger, M. Porer, R. Bratschitsch, C. Schüller, T. Korn and R. Huber doi:10.1038/nmat4356 Intraband optical spectroscopy—using an ultrashort mid-infrared probe pulse and a visible pump pulse—probes the bright and dark exciton dynamics simultaneously in a transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer. See also: News and Views by Marie & Urbaszek Potential-dependent dynamic fracture of nanoporous gold   pp894 - 898 Shaofeng Sun, Xiying Chen, Nilesh Badwe and Karl Sieradzki doi:10.1038/nmat4335 High-speed photography has been used to study the dynamic fracture of nanoporous gold as a function of electrochemical potential, providing insight into stress-corrosion cracking. In situ study of the initiation of hydrogen bubbles at the aluminium metal/oxide interface   pp899 - 903 De-Gang Xie, Zhang-Jie Wang, Jun Sun, Ju Li, Evan Ma and Zhi-Wei Shan doi:10.1038/nmat4336 Gas-filled bubbles at the interface between a metal substrate and an oxide coating can cause blistering and eventual cracking of the oxide layer. The microscale mechanisms of how hydrogen bubbles form and grow have now been elucidated. Enhancement of low-energy electron emission in 2D radioactive films   pp904 - 907 Alex Pronschinske, Philipp Pedevilla, Colin J. Murphy, Emily A. Lewis, Felicia R. Lucci, Garth Brown, George Pappas, Angelos Michaelides and E. Charles H. Sykes doi:10.1038/nmat4323 An approach for synthesizing a one-atom-thick layer of a radioactive iodine isotope on a gold substrate is reported, with a substantial increase in the emission of low-energy electrons. Such a system might have potential for targeted nanoparticle therapies. See also: News and Views by Sanche Brownian diffusion of a partially wetted colloid   pp908 - 911 Giuseppe Boniello, Christophe Blanc, Denys Fedorenko, Mayssa Medfai, Nadia Ben Mbarek, Martin In, Michel Gross, Antonio Stocco and Maurizio Nobili doi:10.1038/nmat4348 Experiments show that a colloidal particle straddling an air/water interface feels a viscous drag that is unexpectedly larger than that in the bulk. See also: News and Views by Manoharan Subnanometre ligand-shell asymmetry leads to Janus-like nanoparticle membranes   pp912 - 917 Zhang Jiang, Jinbo He, Sanket A. Deshmukh, Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos, Ganesh Kamath, Yifan Wang, Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan, Jin Wang, Heinrich M. Jaeger and Xiao-Min Lin doi:10.1038/nmat4321 X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations show that asymmetries in the ligand-shell thickness of self-assembled nanoparticle membranes at air/water interfaces affect the macroscopic properties of the membranes. Directing cell migration and organization via nanocrater-patterned cell-repellent interfaces   pp918 - 923 Hojeong Jeon, Sangmo Koo, Willie Mae Reese, Peter Loskill, Costas P. Grigoropoulos and Kevin E. Healy doi:10.1038/nmat4342 Surfaces patterned lithographically with nanoscale craters can alter the morphology, migration and localization of cells, and can be designed to create specific cellular patterns. Articles Top Fast and long-range triplet exciton diffusion in metal-organic frameworks for photon upconversion at ultralow excitation power   pp924 - 930 Prasenjit Mahato, Angelo Monguzzi, Nobuhiro Yanai, Teppei Yamada and Nobuo Kimizuka doi:10.1038/nmat4366 Controlled overlap of molecular orbitals in metal-organic frameworks enhances triplet exciton diffusion in these structures, which are now used in solid-state photon upconverters operating under excitation power comparable to solar irradiance. See also: News and Views by Simon & Weder Dislocation locking versus easy glide in titanium and zirconium   pp931 - 936 Emmanuel Clouet, Daniel Caillard, Nermine Chaari, Fabien Onimus and David Rodney doi:10.1038/nmat4340 Despite similarities in crystallography and electronic structure in titanium and zirconium, it is shown that plasticity proceeds differently between the two, associated with differing dislocation configuration stability. See also: News and Views by Minor Identification of catalytic sites for oxygen reduction in iron- and nitrogen-doped graphene materials   pp937 - 942 Andrea Zitolo, Vincent Goellner, Vanessa Armel, Moulay-Tahar Sougrati, Tzonka Mineva, Lorenzo Stievano, Emiliano Fonda & Frédéric Jaouen doi:10.1038/nmat4367 Although Fe-N-C materials are promising catalysts for oxygen electroreduction in polymer fuel cells, the structure of their active sites is unclear. Quantitative analysis of Fe-N-C now reveals the existence of porphyrin-like FeN4C12 moieties. The role of quasi-plasticity in the extreme contact damage tolerance of the stomatopod dactyl club   pp943 - 950 Shahrouz Amini, Maryam Tadayon, Sridhar Idapalapati and Ali Miserez doi:10.1038/nmat4309 Nanoindentation and spectroscopy measurements show that the impact surface of the dactyl club—a hammer-like device that stomatopods use to shatter hard seashells—has a quasi-plastic response that enhances the damage tolerance of the clubs. Fractal heterogeneity in minimal matrix models of scars modulates stiff-niche stem-cell responses via nuclear exit of a mechanorepressor   pp951 - 960 P. C. Dave P. Dingal, Andrew M. Bradshaw, Sangkyun Cho, Matthew Raab, Amnon Buxboim, Joe Swift and Dennis E. Discher doi:10.1038/nmat4350 A minimal matrix model of scars is shown to elicit scar-like phenotypes from mesenchymal stem cells and to exhibit less cell-to-cell noise than homogeneously stiff gels, owing to the slow nuclear exit of a scar-marker mechanorepressor. 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