Nature Communications - 26 August 2015

Advertisement Sputtered Metal Deep-UV Interference Filters Manufactured using single substrates of UV-grade fused silica and backed by warranty, these filters are available in 11 different passbands in a wide range of sizes, from 2mm-200mm. Laser damage thresholds >0.15 J/cm2 using a 355nm laser (10 ns pulse, 10 Hz), and suffer no degradation after 2 hours @ 300ºC.  www.chroma.com     Weekly Content Alert Nature Communications is now fully open access. Read more. 26 August 2015  Featured image: Wei et al. show that graphene oxide can undergo mechanochemically induced functional group transformations resulting in plasticity and damage tolerance. Latest content: Review Articles Corrigenda Journal homepage Recommend to library Web feed   Advertisement Nature Collections TARGETING IL-17 IN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE  This Collection highlights the opportunities and potential benefits of interleukin-17-targeted therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases. Produced with support from  Eli Lilly and Company     Advertisement Join us this September for the Naturejobs Career Expo London 2015!  This career fair offers young, talented researchers an excellent opportunity to meet a diverse selection of national and international employers from academic institutions and scientific industries. The event is free and offers you a chance to get your CV checked, meet and network with employers and leading scientific institutions and attend useful workshops.  Register and find out more.         Nature Communications - now fully open access All new submissions, if accepted, will be published open access and an article processing charge (APC) will apply. For more information visit the website. Visit our open access funding page or contact openaccess@nature.com to learn more about APC funding.       Latest Review View all Reviews     Wet-chemical synthesis and applications of non-layer structured two-dimensional nanomaterials OPEN Chaoliang Tan and Hua Zhang There is currently intensive research underway into the development of non-layer structured two dimensional nanomaterials. Here, Zhang et al. review the research progress on the most promising wet-chemical synthesis methods as well as a wide range of applications of this unique class of materials. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms8873 Chemical Sciences  Materials science  Nanotechnology  Physical chemistry        Latest Articles View all Articles     Metal-induced malformations in early Palaeozoic plankton are harbingers of mass extinction OPEN Thijs R. A. Vandenbroucke, Poul Emsbo, Axel Munnecke, Nicolas Nuns, Ludovic Duponchel, Kevin Lepot, Melesio Quijada, Florentin Paris, Thomas Servais and Wolfgang Kiessling Metal toxicity is a primary source of abnormalities in aquatic organisms, and these have been used to evaluate anthropogenic heavy metal pollution. Here, the authors suggest that abnormalities in Silurian acritarchs were caused by heavy metal pollution corresponding to Early Palaeozoic extinction events. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms8966 Earth Sciences  Biogeochemistry  Geology and geophysics  Palaeontology  Learning-related representational changes reveal dissociable integration and separation signatures in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex OPEN Margaret L. Schlichting, Jeanette A. Mumford and Alison R. Preston Our memory system maintains flexibility by representing both specific events as well as generalizations across events, yet the brain regions supporting each remain unknown. Here the authors reveal dissociable neural signatures of memory separation and integration in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9151 Biological Sciences  Neuroscience  Sialic acid catabolism drives intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in mice OPEN Yen-Lin Huang, Christophe Chassard, Martin Hausmann, Mark von Itzstein and Thierry Hennet Intestinal inflammation is often associated with a shift in microbiota composition but the mechanisms are unclear. Here the authors show that an increase in caecal sialidase activity occurring during intestinal inflammation promotes the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae, which can lead to exacerbated inflammatory response. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9141 Biological Sciences  Immunology  Microbiology  A plasmonic nanorod that walks on DNA origami OPEN Chao Zhou, Xiaoyang Duan and Na Liu The controlled movement of optically active components represents a challenge for nanooptical applications. Here the authors demonstrate a gold nanorod walker that performs directional walking along a DNA origami track and where the individual nanoscale steps can be monitored by optical spectroscopy in real time. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9102 Physical Sciences  Nanotechnology  Optical physics  Atomically controlled substitutional boron-doping of graphene nanoribbons OPEN Shigeki Kawai, Shohei Saito, Shinichiro Osumi, Shigehiro Yamaguchi, Adam S. Foster, Peter Spijker and Ernst Meyer Incorporation of boron atoms into an aromatic carbon framework offers a wide variety of functionality. Here, the authors present boron-doped graphene nanoribbons by on-surface chemical reaction and characterize the structures and properties using scanning probe microscopy at the atomic-scale. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9098 Physical Sciences  Materials science  Nanotechnology  Contextual modulation of value signals in reward and punishment learning OPEN Stefano Palminteri, Mehdi Khamassi, Mateus Joffily and Giorgio Coricelli In contrast to predictions from learning theory, humans learn to seek rewards and avoid punishments equally well. Here the authors offer an elegant solution to this problem by demonstrating that humans learn option values relative to a reference point subserved by a common neural substrate. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9096 Biological Sciences  Neuroscience  Tuning of Ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to adjust action potential timing OPEN Marc C. Ford, Olga Alexandrova, Lee Cossell, Annette Stange-Marten, James Sinclair, Conny Kopp-Scheinpflug, Michael Pecka, David Attwell and Benedikt Grothe Action potential timing is fundamental to information processing, but its determinants are not fully understood. Here the authors demonstrate unexpected structural specializations of myelinated axons in the auditory brainstem that help to adjust action potential arrival time for sound localization. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9073 Biological Sciences  Neuroscience  Transcription errors induce proteotoxic stress and shorten cellular lifespan Marc Vermulst, Ashley S. Denney, Michael J. Lang, Chao-Wei Hung, Stephanie Moore, Arthur M. Mosely, William J. Thompson, Victoria Madden, Jacob Gauer, Katie J. Wolfe, Daniel W. Summers, Jennifer Schleit, George L. Sutphin, Suraiya Haroon, Agnes Holczbauer, Joanne Caine, James Jorgenson, Douglas Cyr, Matt Kaeberlein, Jeffrey N. Strathern et al. Transcription, like DNA replication, is an error-prone process. Vermulst et al. show that transcription errors increase with age in yeast, and find that prematurely increasing the error rate overwhelms the proteotoxic stress response, allowing aggregation-prone proteins to escape protein quality control. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9065 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Molecular biology  Acoustic metamaterial for subwavelength edge detection OPEN Miguel Molerón and Chiara Daraio Super-resolution imaging is based on the restoration of evanescent and propagative waves. Here, the authors present an acoustic metamaterial that transmits only components of the acoustic field equal to or smaller than the operating wavelength, which can be used to provide sharp images of the edge of an object. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9037 Physical Sciences  Applied physics  Materials science  Generation of a synthetic GlcNAcylated nucleosome reveals regulation of stability by H2A-Thr101 GlcNAcylation OPEN Lukas Lercher, Ritu Raj, Nisha A. Patel, Joshua Price, Shabaz Mohammed, Carol V. Robinson, Christopher J. Schofield and Benjamin G. Davis Post-translational modification of histones has been implicated in gene regulation. Here, Lercher et al. generate synthetic GlcNAcylated histone 2A and nucleosomes and show that this modification can cause nucleosome destabilization, suggesting histone 2A O-GlcNAcylation may promote an open chromatin state and increase transcription. 25 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms8978 Biological Sciences  Biophysics  Chemical biology  Loss of lamin A function increases chromatin dynamics in the nuclear interior OPEN I. Bronshtein, E. Kepten, I. Kanter, S. Berezin, M. Lindner, Abena B. Redwood, S Mai, S. Gonzalo, R. Foisner, Y. Shav-Tal and Y. Garini Nuclear lamins mediate interactions between chromatin and the nuclear envelope, however they are also found throughout the nucleoplasm. By measuring the dynamics of different genomic loci, Bronshtein et al. show that lamin A is also required for the stability of the nuclear interior. 24 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9044 Biological Sciences  Biophysics  Cell biology  Molecular biology  A chameleon-inspired stretchable electronic skin with interactive colour changing controlled by tactile sensing OPEN Ho-Hsiu Chou, Amanda Nguyen, Alex Chortos, John W.F. To, Chien Lu, Jianguo Mei, Tadanori Kurosawa, Won-Gyu Bae, Jeffrey B.-H. Tok and Zhenan Bao Some animals and insects can change the colour of their skin, but mimicking such function in man-made materials is complex. Here, the authors demonstrate an all-solution processed chameleon-inspired stretchable e-skin capable of interactive colour changes and tactile sensing. 24 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9011 Physical Sciences  Applied physics  Materials science  Accommodating lithium into 3D current collectors with a submicron skeleton towards long-life lithium metal anodes OPEN Chun-Peng Yang, Ya-Xia Yin, Shuai-Feng Zhang, Nian-Wu Li and Yu-Guo Guo A major problem with the use of lithium metal as the battery anode is the undesired lithium dendrite formation during cycling. Here, the authors show that the problem can be mitigated with a carefully designed three-dimensional porous current collector. 24 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9058 Chemical Sciences  Materials science  Physical chemistry  Rhomboid domain containing 1 promotes colorectal cancer growth through activation of the EGFR signalling pathway OPEN Wei Song, Wenjie Liu, Hong Zhao, Shangze Li, Xin Guan, Jianming Ying, Yefan Zhang, Fei Miao, Mengmeng Zhang, Xiaoxia Ren, Xiaolu Li, Fan Wu, Yuechao Zhao, Yuanyuan Tian, Wenming Wu, Jun Fu, Junbo Liang, Wei Wu, Changzheng Liu, Jia Yu et al. Rhomboid proteins are involved in human cancer progression. Here, the authors show that RHBDD1, a rhomboid intramembrane serine protease, promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer via cleavage and secretion of TGFα, and activation of the EGFR/Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway. 24 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9022 Biological Sciences  Cancer  Cell biology  Tbx15 controls skeletal muscle fibre-type determination and muscle metabolism OPEN Kevin Y. Lee, Manvendra K. Singh, Siegfried Ussar, Petra Wetzel, Michael F. Hirshman, Laurie J. Goodyear, Andreas Kispert and C. Ronald Kahn The transcriptional regulator Tbx15 has a role in organ development. Here Lee et al. show that Tbx15 influences fibre-type determination in murine skeletal muscles, explaining local and systemic metabolic derangements in heterozygous Tbx15 knockout mice. 24 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9054 Biological Sciences  Medical research  Electrical detection of ortho–para conversion in fullerene-encapsulated water OPEN Benno Meier, Salvatore Mamone, Maria Concistrè, Javier Alonso-Valdesueiro, Andrea Krachmalnicoff, Richard J. Whitby and Malcolm H. Levitt Water molecules can exist in one of two nuclear spin states—ortho or para. Here, the authors look at the bulk dielectric constant of water molecules enclosed in fullerenes (capable of rotating even at cryogenic temperatures) and show that it changes as the water molecules convert from ortho to para. 24 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9112 Chemical Sciences  Atomic and molecular physics  Physical chemistry  Moisture dipole over the Tibetan Plateau during the past five and a half centuries OPEN Qi-Bin Zhang, Michael N. Evans and Lixin Lyu Controls on the Tibetan Plateau fresh water resources are poorly understood. Here, the authors develop juniper tree-ring chronologies representing over 500 years and show that northern and southern subsets exist due to variations in hydroclimate over this time period. 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9062 Earth Sciences  Atmospheric science  Climate science  Catalysis on singly dispersed bimetallic sites Shiran Zhang, Luan Nguyen, Jin-Xia Liang, Junjun Shan, Jingyue Liu, Anatoly I. Frenkel, Anitha Patlolla, Weixin Huang, Jun Li and Franklin Tao Singly dispersed bimetallic catalysts should exhibit different behaviour and activity to bulk bimetallic species. Here, the authors fabricate isolated Rh1Co3 bimetallic catalytic sites and demonstrate their high activity and selectivity for nitric oxide reduction. 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms8938 Chemical Sciences  Catalysis  Materials science  Physical chemistry  Rare variant discovery by deep whole-genome sequencing of 1,070 Japanese individuals OPEN Masao Nagasaki, Jun Yasuda, Fumiki Katsuoka, Naoki Nariai, Kaname Kojima, Yosuke Kawai, Yumi Yamaguchi-Kabata, Junji Yokozawa, Inaho Danjoh, Sakae Saito, Yukuto Sato, Takahiro Mimori, Kaoru Tsuda, Rumiko Saito, Xiaoqing Pan, Satoshi Nishikawa, Shin Ito, Yoko Kuroki, Osamu Tanabe, Nobuo Fuse et al. The Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization establishes a biobank with detailed patient health care and genome information. Here the authors analyse whole-genome sequences of 1,070 Japanese individuals, allowing them to catalogue 21 million single-nucleotide variants including 12 million novel ones. 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9018 Biological Sciences  Genetics  Regional and global forcing of glacier retreat during the last deglaciation OPEN Jeremy D. Shakun, Peter U. Clark, Feng He, Nathaniel A. Lifton, Zhengyu Liu and Bette L. Otto-Bliesner The extent to which greenhouse gases forced glacier retreat during the last deglaciation remains unclear. Here, the authors recalculate cosmogenic nuclide ages for 195 glacier moraines and show that deglacial glacier retreat was broadly globally synchronous with rising levels of atmospheric CO2. 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9059 Earth Sciences  Climate science  Geology and geophysics  Automated adaptive inference of phenomenological dynamical models OPEN Bryan C. Daniels and Ilya Nemenman Mechanistic modelling of dynamical phenomena with many degrees of freedom runs the risk of overfitting and making faulty predictions, whereas ad hoc models may miss defining features. Here the authors develop an approach to construct dynamical models that adapt their complexity to the amount of available data. 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9133 Physical Sciences  Biophysics  Theoretical physics  Ubiquitination switches EphA2 vesicular traffic from a continuous safeguard to a finite signalling mode OPEN Ola Sabet, Rabea Stockert, Georgia Xouri, Yannick Brüggemann, Angel Stanoev and Philippe I. H. Bastiaens Receptor tyrosine kinases can be auto-activated independent of ligand. Sabet et al. show that on ligand stimulation, ephrin receptor EphA2 switches from auto-activation suppression by vesicular recycling to ligand-dependent signalling limited by directional trafficking to late endosomes/lysosomes. 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9047 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Calorimetric determination of the magnetic phase diagram of underdoped ortho II YBa2Cu3O6.54 single crystals OPEN C. Marcenat, A. Demuer, K. Beauvois, B. Michon, A. Grockowiak, R. Liang, W. Hardy, D. A. Bonn and T. Klein The presence of a charge order state in underdoped YBCO raises the question of the interplay between this phase and the superconducting one. Here, the authors characterize this material’s phase diagram through specific heat and magnetic measurements, providing strong constrains to theoretical models. 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms8927 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Plk1 relieves centriole block to reduplication by promoting daughter centriole maturation OPEN Anil Shukla, Dong Kong, Meena Sharma, Valentin Magidson and Jadranka Loncarek The orthogonal orientation between centrioles is thought to prevent their reduplication. Shukla et al. show that Polo-like kinase 1-dependent daughter centriole maturation, reflected in increasing inter-centriolar distance, allows centriole reduplication prior to loss of orthogonal orientation. 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9077 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Ultrastructural and functional fate of recycled vesicles in hippocampal synapses OPEN Stephanie A. Rey, Catherine A. Smith, Milena W. Fowler, Freya Crawford, Jemima J. Burden and Kevin Staras Synaptic vesicles are efficiently retrieved after transmission but the contribution they make to future signalling remains unclear. Rey et al. find that only a subset of vesicles—typically those retrieved recently in the stimulus train—remain near the active zone and exhibit privileged use. 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9043 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Neuroscience  Limiting replication stress during somatic cell reprogramming reduces genomic instability in induced pluripotent stem cells OPEN Sergio Ruiz, Andres J. Lopez-Contreras, Mathieu Gabut, Rosa M. Marion, Paula Gutierrez-Martinez, Sabela Bua, Oscar Ramirez, Iñigo Olalde, Sara Rodrigo-Perez, Han Li, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Manuel Serrano, Maria A. Blasco, Nizar N. Batada and Oscar Fernandez-Capetillo The expression of reprogramming factors can induce replication stress in induced pluripotent stem cells. In this study, to reduce such genomic instability, Ruiz et al. increase CHK1 kinase levels and nucleoside supplementation during reprogramming. 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9036 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Molecular biology  Transcriptional regulation of Annexin A2 promotes starvation-induced autophagy OPEN Kevin Moreau, Ghita Ghislat, Warren Hochfeld, Maurizio Renna, Eszter Zavodszky, Gautam Runwal, Claudia Puri, Shirley Lee, Farah Siddiqi, Fiona M. Menzies, Brinda Ravikumar and David C. Rubinsztein Starvation triggers autophagy by inhibiting mTOR signalling. Here, Moreau et al. identify an alternative, transcriptional activation pathway: starvation-induced JNK signalling upregulates Annexin A2 transcription, which in turn enhances actin-dependent transport of Atg9 vesicles from endosomes to autophagosomes. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9045 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Sparsity-based Ankylography for Recovering 3D molecular structures from single-shot 2D scattered light intensity OPEN Maor Mutzafi, Yoav Shechtman, Yonina C. Eldar, Oren Cohen and Mordechai Segev X-ray laser holds promise for deciphering three-dimensional structures of organic molecules, which constitutes a major goal in structural biology. Mutzafi et al. propose an algorithm to overcome the issue of laser-induced sample damage based on prior knowledge of the atoms that comprise the molecules. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms8950 Physical Sciences  Applied physics  Atomic and molecular physics  Molecular biology  Structural mechanism for signal transduction in RXR nuclear receptor heterodimers OPEN Douglas J. Kojetin, Edna Matta-Camacho, Travis S. Hughes, Sathish Srinivasan, Jerome C. Nwachukwu, Valerie Cavett, Jason Nowak, Michael J. Chalmers, David P. Marciano, Theodore M. Kamenecka, Andrew I. Shulman, Mark Rance, Patrick R. Griffin, John B. Bruning and Kendall W. Nettles Some nuclear receptors dimerize with retinoid X receptor to allow ligand-dependent signalling. Here, Kojetin et al. use structural and biophysical techniques to identify structural changes that guide these complex signalling networks. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9013 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Nek2 activation of Kif24 ensures cilium disassembly during the cell cycle OPEN Sehyun Kim, Kwanwoo Lee, Jung-Hwan Choi, Niels Ringstad and Brian David Dynlacht Most differentiated mammalian cells assemble a primary cilium, which serves as a cellular ‘antenna’ for sensing and responding to the extracellular environment. Here the authors show that Nek2-mediated phosphorylation of Kif24 further promotes the loss of primary cilia, triggered by Aurora A and HDAC6 on cell cycle re-entry. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9087 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Integration of carbohydrate metabolism and redox state controls dauer larva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans Sider Penkov, Damla Kaptan, Cihan Erkut, Mihail Sarov, Fanny Mende and Teymuras V. Kurzchalia When facing environmental stress, the roundworm C. elegans forms so-called dauer larvae. Here, the authors show that dauer formation is influenced by cellular levels of the cofactor NADPH, which can be elevated by increasing biosynthesis of the disaccharide trehalose. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9060 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Medical research  Low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission and lasing from colloidal nanocrystals of caesium lead halide perovskites OPEN Sergii Yakunin, Loredana Protesescu, Franziska Krieg, Maryna I. Bodnarchuk, Georgian Nedelcu, Markus Humer, Gabriele De Luca, Manfred Fiebig, Wolfgang Heiss and Maksym V. Kovalenko Lead halide perovskite colloidal nanocrystals have promising optoelectronic properties, such as high photoluminescence quantum yields and narrow emission linewidths. Here, the authors report low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission and two kinds of lasing in nanostructured caesium lead halide perovskites. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9056 Chemical Sciences  Inorganic chemistry  Materials science  Nanotechnology  Seismic monitoring in the oceans by autonomous floats OPEN Alexey Sukhovich, Sébastien Bonnieux, Yann Hello, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Frederik J. Simons and Guust Nolet Our understanding of the internal dynamics of the Earth is limited by the lack of seismic data available from oceanic domains. Here, the authors use observations from floating submarine seismographs to show that this technique may provide seismic data to fill the gaps in our knowledge. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9027 Earth Sciences  Geology and geophysics  Single-shot spectro-temporal characterization of XUV pulses from a seeded free-electron laser OPEN Giovanni De Ninno, David Gauthier, Benoît Mahieu, Primož Rebernik Ribič, Enrico Allaria, Paolo Cinquegrana, Miltcho Bojanov Danailov, Alexander Demidovich, Eugenio Ferrari, Luca Giannessi, Giuseppe Penco, Paolo Sigalotti and Matija Stupar X-ray free-electron laser is a power probe for materials, but it is challenging to measure the spectro-temporal characters of individual pulses. Here, De Ninno et al. implement an interferometric method allowing one to characterize and control the ultrashort XUV pulses seeded by a femtosecond laser. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9075 Physical Sciences  Optical physics  Dipeptide species regulate p38MAPK–Smad3 signalling to maintain chronic myelogenous leukaemia stem cells OPEN Kazuhito Naka, Yoshie Jomen, Kaori Ishihara, Junil Kim, Takahiro Ishimoto, Eun-Jin Bae, Robert P. Mohney, Steven M. Stirdivant, Hiroko Oshima, Masanobu Oshima, Dong-Wook Kim, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Yoshihiro Takihara, Yukio Kato, Akira Ooshima and Seong-Jin Kim Chronic myelogenous leukaemia contains a stem cell fraction and targeting this population of cells is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Here, the authors demonstrate that the stem cells take up dipeptides and that inhibiting the dipeptide transporter could reduce the number of these stem cells in mice. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9039 Biological Sciences  Cancer  Medical research  Plasticity and ductility in graphene oxide through a mechanochemically induced damage tolerance mechanism OPEN Xiaoding Wei, Lily Mao, Rafael A. Soler-Crespo, Jeffrey T. Paci, Jiaxing Huang, SonBinh T. Nguyen and Horacio D. Espinosa Biasing chemical reaction pathways in a particular molecule may lead to new material properties. Here, the authors report mechanochemical covalent epoxide-to-ether functional group transformations, deviating from classical epoxide ring-opening reactions, in suspended graphene oxide membranes. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9029 Chemical Sciences  Materials science  Nanotechnology  The precision of value-based choices depends causally on fronto-parietal phase coupling OPEN Rafael Polanía, Marius Moisa, Alexander Opitz, Marcus Grueschow and Christian C. Ruff Recent studies suggest that value-based choices involve communication between parietal and prefrontal cortices. Here the authors use a novel, non-invasive cortical manipulation technique to demonstrate a causal role for such communication in mediating accurate value-based, but not perceptual, choices. 20 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9090 Biological Sciences  Neuroscience  Liquid demixing of intrinsically disordered proteins is seeded by poly(ADP-ribose) OPEN Matthias Altmeyer, Kai J. Neelsen, Federico Teloni, Irina Pozdnyakova, Stefania Pellegrino, Merete Grøfte, Maj-Britt Druedahl Rask, Werner Streicher, Stephanie Jungmichel, Michael Lund Nielsen and Jiri Lukas Intrinsically disordered proteins can phase separate from the soluble intracellular space. Here the authors show that the nucleic acid-mimicking biopolymer poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) nucleates intracellular liquid demixing and orchestrates the earliest cellular responses to DNA breakage. 19 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9088 Biological Sciences  Biochemistry  Molecular biology  Local atomic structure modulations activate metal oxide as electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in acidic water OPEN Yu Hang Li, Peng Fei Liu, Lin Feng Pan, Hai Feng Wang, Zhen Zhong Yang, Li Rong Zheng, P. Hu, Hui Jun Zhao, Lin Gu and Hua Gui Yang Catalytic activity can be modulated by tuning local atomic structure. Here, the authors show that tungsten trioxide, which is usually inert, can be converted into an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in acidic media, and claim that this could be due to the tailored electronic structure. 19 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9064 Chemical Sciences  Catalysis  Materials science  Physical chemistry  Rapid sequestration of rock avalanche deposits within glaciers OPEN Stuart A. Dunning, Nicholas J. Rosser, Samuel T. McColl and Natalya V. Reznichenko Small, frequent rockfalls are thought to dominate the erosion of mountains above rockfalls, and little is known about rare large landslides as material is rapidly reworked. Here, the authors present sub-surface data from a large rock avalanche showing how such landslides can be recognized from their deposits. 19 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms8964 Earth Sciences  Geology and geophysics  Spontaneous emergence of chirality in achiral lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals confined to cylinders OPEN Karthik Nayani, Rui Chang, Jinxin Fu, Perry W. Ellis, Alberto Fernandez-Nieves, Jung Ok Park and Mohan Srinivasarao Chirality in molecular materials is commonly used to manipulate the polarization of light. Here, Nayani et al. observe the formation of doubly twisted structure in achiral chromonic liquid crystals when confined to a cylindrical capillary, which leads to spontaneous chiral breaking. 19 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9067 Physical Sciences  Condensed matter  Materials science    Geoscience JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Scientist Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Research Associate Imperial College London Postdoctoral Training Fellow Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) Tenure-Track Faculty Position University of Utah Postdoctoral Associate University of Miami Post-doctoral Computational Biologist The Babraham Institute Postdoc fellowship in Mucosal Immunology KU Leuven Laboratory Manager / Technician University of Glasgow Research Co-ordinator Grade 8 University of Liverpool Postdoctoral Fellow Georgia Regents University More Science jobs from Geoscience EVENT IMMUNOLOGY 2016™ - AAI Annual Meeting 13.05.16 Seattle, USA More science events from       Latest Corrigenda     Corrigendum: Processing of visually evoked innate fear by a non-canonical thalamic pathway OPEN Pengfei Wei, Nan Liu, Zhijian Zhang, Xuemei Liu, Yongqiang Tang, Xiaobin He, Bifeng Wu, Zheng Zhou, Yaohan Liu, Juan Li, Yi Zhang, Xuanyi Zhou, Lin Xu, Lin Chen, Guoqiang Bi, Xintian Hu, Fuqiang Xu and Liping Wang 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9228 Biological Sciences  Neuroscience      Corrigendum: Revealing the planar chemistry of two-dimensional heterostructures at the atomic level OPEN Harry Chou, Ariel Ismach, Rudresh Ghosh, Rodney S. Ruoff and Andrei Dolocan 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9229 Chemical Sciences  Materials science  Nanotechnology      Corrigendum: miR-218 is essential to establish motor neuron fate as a downstream effector of Isl1–Lhx3 OPEN Karen P. Thiebes, Heejin Nam, Xiaolu A. Cambronne, Rongkun Shen, Stacey M. Glasgow, Hyong-Ho Cho, Ji-sun Kwon, Richard H. Goodman, Jae W. Lee, Seunghee Lee and Soo-Kyung Lee 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9227 Biological Sciences  Cell biology  Developmental biology  Neuroscience      Corrigendum: Programmed cell death 5 mediates HDAC3 decay to promote genotoxic stress response OPEN Hyo-Kyoung Choi, Youngsok Choi, Eun Sung Park, Soo-Yeon Park, Seung-Hyun Lee, Jaesung Seo, Mi-Hyeon Jeong, Jae-Wook Jeong, Jae-Ho Cheong, Peter C. W. Lee, Kyung-Chul Choi and Ho-Geun Yoon 21 August 2015 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms9225 Biological Sciences  Cancer  Cell biology  Molecular biology      Advertisement Nature Insight: Machine Intelligence Research in the field of machine intelligence is seeing a resurgence. Big conceptual breakthroughs in artificial neural networks and access to powerful processors have led to applications that can process information in a human-like way. In addition, the creation of robots that can safely assist us with different tasks may soon become a reality. The Reviews in this Insight discuss the exciting developments in both fields and the opportunities for further research. Access the Insight online.     Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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