Nature Reviews Neuroscience contents August 2015 Volume 16 Number 8 pp 441-505

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
August 2015 Volume 16 Number 8
Impact Factor 31.376 *	In this issue Research Highlights Reviews Perspectives Also this month  Featured article: Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder Myka L. Estes & A. Kimberley McAllister
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Nature Insight: Origin and evolution of vertebrates Vertebrates have many special features - from large brains to unique tissues. But how they evolved from invertebrates is obscure. This Insight looks at the many theories to explain vertebrate origins, the fossil evidence, a new perspective on the origin of the head and a uniquely vertebrate feature called the neural crest. Access the Insight online
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Neuronal circuits: Connecting to innate knowledge p441 | doi:10.1038/nrn3999 Specific ensembles of neurons in the basolateral amydala representing unconditioned stimuli that mediate innate behaviours are also found to be necessary for the expression learned behaviours. PDF Sleep: Don't forget p442 | doi:10.1038/nrn3990 Sleep reduces the activity of the dopamine neurons that promote forgetting in Drosophila melanogaster. PDF Neuroendocrinology: More nutritious than delicious p442 | doi:10.1038/nrn3991 A system in Drosophila melanogaster that involves Diuretic hormone 44 (a homologue of mammalian corticotropin-releasing hormone) mediates the preferential ingestion and digestion of nutritive sugars. PDF Neurodegenerative disease: Impeding deposition p443 | doi:10.1038/nrn3998 A study shows that α-synuclein can inhibit the formation of amyloid plaques in mice. PDF Neuroimmunology: Adding insult to allergy Published online: 15 July 2015 p444 | doi:10.1038/nrn3997 Lung nociceptors contribute to inflammation in a model of allergic asthma, in part by release of vasoactive intestinal peptide, and silencing these neurons may be a promising strategy for reducing inflammation in this disease. PDF IN BRIEF Decision making: Flow charting | Depression: Happy memories modulate mood | Neurotransmission: Waking up and down | Navigation: Magnetosensing neurons PDF Neuroscience JOBS of the week Director, Center for Mind-Brain Sciences (CIMeC) Università degli Studi di Trento Director Vollum Institute Oregon Health & Science University and the Vollum Institute Postdoctoral / senios scientist position Medical University of Vienna Postdoctoral Positions In Parkinson's Disease Johns Hopkins University More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT Neuroscience R&D Technologies Conference 03.12.15 Barcelona, Spain More science events from
REVIEWS		Top
Development and functions of the choroid plexus–cerebrospinal fluid system Melody P. Lun, Edwin S. Monuki & Maria K. Lehtinen p445 | doi:10.1038/nrn3921 The health of the vertebrate brain is dependent on appropriate levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is secreted by the choroid plexus (ChP). In this Review, Lehtinen and colleagues examine ChP structure and development and explore recently discovered functions of the ChP-CSF system. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Neurogliaform cells in cortical circuits Linda Overstreet-Wadiche & Chris J. McBain p458 | doi:10.1038/nrn3969 Local circuit GABAergic inhibitory interneurons regulate almost all aspects of cortical and hippocampal circuitry. In this Review, Overstreet-Wadiche and McBain discuss how neurogliaform cells are emerging as an inhibitory interneuron type with unique cellular and signalling properties that diverge from canonical roles for interneurons. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder Myka L. Estes & A. Kimberley McAllister p469 | doi:10.1038/nrn3978 Various lines of evidence suggest that immune system dysregulation has a key role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Estes and McAllister review this evidence, covering genetic and maternal immune system-related risk factors, chronic immune system changes in individuals with ASD and in animal models, and potential pathophysiological mechanisms. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
PERSPECTIVES		Top
TIMELINE From the neuron doctrine to neural networks Rafael Yuste p487 | doi:10.1038/nrn3962 Cajal's description of the neuron as the structural and functional unit of the nervous system formed the basis of much subsequent neuroscientific research. In this Timeline article, Yuste considers the contribution of the 'neuron doctrine' to neuroscience and discusses the recent transition in paradigm from the single neuron to neural networks. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
OPINION Is birth a critical period in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders? Yehezkel Ben-Ari p498 | doi:10.1038/nrn3956 There is emerging evidence that the interactions of oxytocin, GABAergic signals and stress molecules during birth can contribute to autism spectrum disorders. In this Opinion article, Ben-Ari suggests that, during birth, oxytocin can attenuate certain neurodevelopmental alterations, thereby attenuating the pathogenesis of autism in offspring. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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