Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 23 June 2015

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23 June 2015      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Biological Sciences               Imaging of tumor clones with differential liver colonization ▶     Go Oshima, Sean C. Wightman, Abhineet Uppal et al.     We present a model of hepatic colorectal metastases which represents monoclonal cell lines double-labeled by luciferase and tdTomato. These cells form liver metastasis in varying …             Edge co-occurrences can account for rapid categorization of natural versus animal images ▶     Laurent U. Perrinet, James A. Bednar     Making a judgment about the semantic category of a visual scene, such as whether it contains an animal, is typically assumed to involve high-level associative brain areas. …             Lipid droplets as a novel cargo of tunnelling nanotubes in endothelial cells ▶     Ksenia Astanina, Marcus Koch, Christian Jüngst et al.     Intercellular communication is a fundamental process in the development and functioning of multicellular organisms. Recently, an essentially new type of intercellular …             Genetic drift of human coronavirus OC43 spike gene during adaptive evolution ▶     Lili Ren, Yue Zhang, Jianguo Li et al.     Coronaviruses (CoVs) continuously threaten human health. However, to date, the evolutionary mechanisms that govern CoV strain persistence in human populations have not been fully …             Hemispheric dominance underlying the neural substrate for learned vocalizations develops with experience ▶     Napim Chirathivat, Sahitya C. Raja, Sharon M. H. Gobes     Many aspects of song learning in songbirds resemble characteristics of speech acquisition in humans. Genetic, anatomical and behavioural parallels have most recently been …             A simple three-input DNA-based system works as a full-subtractor ▶     Hung-Yin Lin, Jian-Zhou Chen, Hao-Yi Li et al.     Over the past decade, DNA has demonstrated remarkable potential in fabrication of molecular logic and arithmetic systems. In this work, a simple DNA-based system mimicking a …             Improving prediction of secondary structure, local backbone angles, and solvent accessible surface area of proteins by iterative deep learning ▶     Rhys Heffernan, Kuldip Paliwal, James Lyons et al.     Direct prediction of protein structure from sequence is a challenging problem. An effective approach is to break it up into independent sub-problems. These sub-problems such as …             Conservation of Olfactory Avoidance in Drosophila Species and Identification of Repellents for Drosophila suzukii ▶     Christine Krause Pham, Anandasankar Ray     Flying insects use olfaction to navigate towards fruits in complex odor environments with remarkable accuracy. Some fruits change odor profiles substantially during ripening and …             Identification of the long non-coding RNA H19 in plasma as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of gastric cancer ▶     Xiaoying Zhou, Chengqiang Yin, Yini Dang et al.     Recent studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regarded as useful tools for cancer detection, particularly for the early stage; however, little is known …             Association between interleukin-18 gene polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection in the Korean population ▶     Dae-Seong Myung, Wan-Sik Lee, Young-Lan Park et al.     Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic, pro-inflammatory cytokine that is capable of promoting the Th1 response. A predominant Th1 response induces chronic and persistent …             Peptide-modified Substrate for Modulating Gland Tissue Growth and Morphology In Vitro ▶     Hiroaki Taketa, Gulsan Ara Sathi, Mahmoud Farahat et al.     In vitro fabricated biological tissue would be a valuable tool to screen newly synthesized drugs or understand the tissue development process. Several studies have attempted to …             GONAD: Genome-editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery system: a novel microinjection independent genome engineering method in mice ▶     Gou Takahashi, Channabasavaiah B Gurumurthy, Kenta Wada et al.     Microinjection is considered the gold standard technique for delivery of nucleic acids (NAs; transgenes or genome editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 systems) into embryos, for …             Integrin-linked Kinase is Essential for Environmental Enrichment Enhanced Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Memory ▶     Xu-Feng Xu, Ting Li, Dong-Dong Wang et al.     Environment enrichment (EE) has a variety of effects on brain structure and function. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential for EE-induced hippocampal …             SNSMIL, a real-time single molecule identification and localization algorithm for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy ▶     Yunqing Tang, Luru Dai, Xiaoming Zhang et al.     Single molecule localization based super-resolution fluorescence microscopy offers significantly higher spatial resolution than predicted by Abbe’s resolution limit for far field …             XI-006 induces potent p53-independent apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma ▶     Kathleen I. Pishas, Alaknanda Adwal, Susan J. Neuhaus et al.     There is an imperious need for the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma, the second most prevalent solid bone tumour observed in children and …             Surface chemistry but not aspect ratio mediates the biological toxicity of gold nanorods in vitro and in vivo ▶     Jiali Wan, Jia-Hong Wang, Ting Liu et al.     Gold nanorods are a promising nanoscale material in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The physicochemical properties of GNRs, including size, shape and surface features, are …             Antitumor and Adjuvant Activity of λ-carrageenan by Stimulating Immune Response in Cancer Immunotherapy ▶     Min Luo, Bin Shao, Wen Nie et al.     λ-Carrageenan is a seaweed polysaccharide which has been generally used as proinflammatory agent in the basic research, however, how the immunomodulating activity of …             Optical regulation of cell chain ▶     Xiaoshuai Liu, Jianbin Huang, Yao Zhang et al.     Formation of cell chains is a straightforward and efficient method to study the cell interaction. By regulating the contact sequence and interaction distance, the influence of …             Unraveling a molecular determinant for clathrin-independent internalization of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ▶     Min Wan, Wenhua Zhang, Yangli Tian et al.     Endocytosis and postendocytic sorting of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is important for the regulation of both their cell surface density and signaling profile. Unlike the …             Open and Lys–His Hexacoordinated Closed Structures of a Globin with Swapped Proximal and Distal Sites ▶     Aik-Hong Teh, Jennifer A. Saito, Nazalan Najimudin et al.     Globins are haem-binding proteins with a conserved fold made up of α-helices and can possess diverse properties. A putative globin-coupled sensor from Methylacidiphilum infernorum…             Monitoring response to therapy in melanoma by quantifying circulating tumour DNA with droplet digital PCR for BRAF and NRAS mutations ▶     Simon Chang-Hao Tsao, Jonathan Weiss, Christopher Hudson et al.     We assessed the utility of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to evaluate the potential of using circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) as a post therapy monitoring tool in melanoma by …             Exposure of clownfish larvae to suspended sediment levels found on the Great Barrier Reef: Impacts on gill structure and microbiome ▶     Sybille Hess, Amelia S. Wenger, Tracy D. Ainsworth et al.     Worldwide, increasing coastal development has played a major role in shaping coral reef species assemblages, but the mechanisms underpinning distribution patterns remain poorly …             Voltage-gated Na+ Channel Activity Increases Colon Cancer Transcriptional Activity and Invasion Via Persistent MAPK Signaling ▶     Carrie D. House, Bi-Dar Wang, Kristin Ceniccola et al.     Functional expression of voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) has been demonstrated in multiple cancer cell types where channel activity induces invasive activity. The signaling …             Harbour porpoises react to low levels of high frequency vessel noise ▶     Monika Dyndo, Danuta Maria Wiśniewska, Laia Rojano-Doñate et al.     Cetaceans rely critically on sound for navigation, foraging and communication and are therefore potentially affected by increasing noise levels from human activities at sea. …             Buckling-induced retraction of spherical shells: A study on the shape of aperture ▶     Sen Lin, Yi Min Xie, Qing Li et al.     Buckling of soft matter is ubiquitous in nature and has attracted increasing interest recently. This paper studies the retractile behaviors of a spherical shell perforated by …             A unique in vivo approach for investigating antimicrobial materials utilizing fistulated animals ▶     Kyle J. Berean, Eric M. Adetutu, Jian Zhen Ou et al.     Unique in vivo tests were conducted through the use of a fistulated ruminant, providing an ideal environment with a diverse and vibrant microbial community. Utilizing such a …             Pathophysiological role of microRNA-29 in pancreatic cancer stroma ▶     Jason J. Kwon, Sarah C. Nabinger, Zachary Vega et al.     Dense fibrotic stroma associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major obstacle for drug delivery to the tumor bed and plays a crucial role in pancreatic cancer …             Multiple levels of linguistic and paralinguistic features contribute to voice recognition ▶     Jean Mary Zarate, Xing Tian, Kevin J. P. Woods et al.     Voice or speaker recognition is critical in a wide variety of social contexts. In this study, we investigated the contributions of acoustic, phonological, lexical, and semantic …             Evolution of an Enzyme from a Noncatalytic Nucleic Acid Sequence ▶     Rachel Gysbers, Kha Tram, Jimmy Gu et al.     The mechanism by which enzymes arose from both abiotic and biological worlds remains an unsolved natural mystery. We postulate that an enzyme can emerge from any sequence of any …             Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of pre-diapause and non-diapause eggs of migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) ▶     Xiongbing Tu, Jie Wang, Kun Hao et al.     Low temperature induces diapause in locusts. However, the physiological processes and initiation mechanism of diapause are not well understood. To understand the molecular basis …             The lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA4 regulates hematopoiesis-supporting activity of bone marrow stromal cells ▶     Hidemitsu Igarashi, Noriyuki Akahoshi, Takayo Ohto-Nakanishi et al.     Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic lipid mediator that acts through G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). Although several biological roles of LPA4 are becoming …             Single Fluorescence Channel-based Multiplex Detection of Avian Influenza Virus by Quantitative PCR with Intercalating Dye ▶     Christian D. Ahberg, Andreas Manz, Pavel Neuzil     Since its invention in 1985 the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a well-established method for amplification and detection of segments of double-stranded DNA. …             High-field functional magnetic resonance imaging of vocalization processing in marmosets ▶     Srivatsun Sadagopan, Nesibe Z. Temiz-Karayol, Henning U. Voss     Vocalizations are behaviorally critical sounds, and this behavioral importance is reflected in the ascending auditory system, where conspecific vocalizations are increasingly …             Human longevity is characterised by high thyroid stimulating hormone secretion without altered energy metabolism ▶     S. W. Jansen, A. A. Akintola, F. Roelfsema et al.     Few studies have included subjects with the propensity to reach old age in good health, with the aim to disentangle mechanisms contributing to staying healthier for longer. The …             Quantitative assessment of single-cell whole genome amplification methods for detecting copy number variation using hippocampal neurons ▶     Luwen Ning, Zhoufang Li, Guan Wang et al.     Single-cell genomic analysis has grown rapidly in recent years and finds widespread applications in various fields of biology, including cancer biology, development, immunology, …             Hybrid System for Ex Vivo Hemorheological and Hemodynamic Analysis: A Feasibility Study ▶     Eunseop Yeom, Yang Jun Kang, Sang Joon Lee     Precise measurement of biophysical properties is important to understand the relation between these properties and the outbreak of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, a …             Generation of inheritable and “transgene clean” targeted genome-modified rice in later generations using the CRISPR/Cas9 system ▶     Rong-Fang Xu, Hao Li, Rui-Ying Qin et al.     The CRISPR/Cas9 system is becoming an important genome editing tool for crop breeding. Although it has been demonstrated that target mutations can be transmitted to the next …             The transcription factor NR4A1 is essential for the development of a novel macrophage subset in the thymus ▶     Robert Tacke, Ingo Hilgendorf, Hannah Garner et al.     Tissue macrophages function to maintain homeostasis and regulate immune responses. While tissue macrophages derive from one of a small number of progenitor programs, the …             Preclinical optimization of a broad-spectrum anti-bladder cancer tri-drug regimen via the Feedback System Control (FSC) platform ▶     Qi Liu, Cheng Zhang, Xianting Ding et al.     Therapeutic outcomes of combination chemotherapy have not significantly advanced during the past decades. This has been attributed to the formidable challenges of optimizing drug …             MAP3K3 expression in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is correlated with favorable patient survival in lung cancer ▶     Yanli He, Lihui Wang, Weijun Liu et al.     MAP3K3 is involved in both the immune response and in tumor progression. Its potential biological role in vitro in lung cancer cell lines and the association of mRNA/protein …             EZH2 is crucial for both differentiation of regulatory T cells and T effector cell expansion ▶     Xiang-Ping Yang, Kan Jiang, Kiyoshi Hirahara et al.     The roles of EZH2 in various subsets of CD4+ T cells are controversial and its mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. FOXP3-positive Treg cells are a critical helper T …             In Silico Prediction and Experimental Confirmation of HA Residues Conferring Enhanced Human Receptor Specificity of H5N1 Influenza A Viruses ▶     Sonja Schmier, Ahmed Mostafa, Thomas Haarmann et al.     Newly emerging influenza A viruses (IAV) pose a major threat to human health by causing seasonal epidemics and/or pandemics, the latter often facilitated by the lack of …             Violacein as a genetically-controlled, enzymatically amplified and photobleaching-resistant chromophore for optoacoustic bacterial imaging ▶     Yuanyuan Jiang, Felix Sigmund, Josefine Reber et al.     There is growing interest in genetically expressed reporters for in vivo studies of bacterial colonization in the context of infectious disease research, studies of the bacterial …             Novel small-molecule SIRT1 inhibitors induce cell death in adult T-cell leukaemia cells ▶     Tomohiro Kozako, Takayoshi Suzuki, Makoto Yoshimitsu et al.     Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive T-cell malignancy that develops after long-term infection with human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV)-1. The identification of …             Screening Mutations of MYBPC3 in 114 Unrelated Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy by Targeted Capture and Next-generation Sequencing ▶     Xuxia Liu, Tengyong Jiang, Chunmei Piao et al.     Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death. Mutations in the MYBPC3 gene represent the cause of HCM in ~35% of patients with HCM. However, genetic …             Swedish mutant APP-based BACE1 binding site peptide reduces APP β-cleavage and cerebral Aβ levels in Alzheimer’s mice ▶     Song Li, Huayan Hou, Takashi Mori et al.     BACE1 initiates amyloid-β (Aβ) generation and the resultant cerebral amyloidosis, as a characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, inhibition of BACE1 has been the focus of …             Ghrelin agonist does not foster insulin resistance but improves cognition in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model ▶     Nicolas Kunath, Thomas van Groen, David B. Allison et al.     The orexigenic hormone ghrelin, a potential antagonist of the insulin system, ensures sufficient serum glucose in times of fasting. In the race for new therapeutics for diabetes, …             A novel role of ethephon in controlling the noxious weed Ipomoea cairica (Linn.) Sweet ▶     Zhong-Yu Sun, Tai-Jie Zhang, Jin-Quan Su et al.     Several auxin herbicides, such as 2, 4-D and dicamba, have been used to eradicate an exotic invasive weed Ipomoea cairica in subtropical China, but restraining the re-explosion …             Mesodermal origin of median fin mesenchyme and tail muscle in amphibian larvae ▶     Yuka Taniguchi, Thomas Kurth, Daniel Meulemans Medeiros et al.     Mesenchyme is an embryonic precursor tissue that generates a range of structures in vertebrates including cartilage, bone, muscle, kidney, and the erythropoietic system. …             Non-monotonic dynamics and crosstalk in signaling pathways and their implications for pharmacology ▶     Roeland van Wijk, Sander J. Tans, Pieter Rein ten Wolde et al.     Currently, drug discovery approaches commonly assume a monotonic dose-response relationship. However, the assumption of monotonicity is increasingly being challenged. Here we …             Analysis of Wnt signalling dynamics during colon crypt development in 3D culture ▶     Chin Wee Tan, Yumiko Hirokawa, Antony W. Burgess     Many systems biology studies lack context-relevant data and as a consequence the predictive capabilities can be limited in developing targeted cancer therapeutics. Production of …             iSuc-PseAAC: predicting lysine succinylation in proteins by incorporating peptide position-specific propensity ▶     Yan Xu, Ya-Xin Ding, Jun Ding et al.     Lysine succinylation in protein is one type of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Succinylation is associated with some diseases and succinylated sites data just has been …             A neonicotinoid impairs olfactory learning in Asian honey bees (Apis cerana) exposed as larvae or as adults ▶     Ken Tan, Weiwen Chen, Shihao Dong et al.     Xenobiotics such as the neonicotinoid pesticide, imidacloprid, are used globally, but their effects on native bee species are poorly understood. We studied the effects of …             Overexpression of Tyrosine hydroxylase and Dopa decarboxylase associated with pupal melanization in Spodoptera exigua ▶     Sisi Liu, Mo Wang, Xianchun Li     Melanism has been found in a wide range of species, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely elusive. In this study, we studied the molecular mechanisms of the pupal …             Neurogranin regulates CaM dynamics at dendritic spines ▶     Amber Petersen, Nashaat Z. Gerges     Calmodulin (CaM) plays a key role in synaptic function and plasticity due to its ability to mediate Ca2+ signaling. Therefore, it is essential to understand the dynamics of CaM …             Bacterial growth and form under mechanical compression ▶     Fangwei Si, Bo Li, William Margolin et al.     A combination of physical and chemical processes is involved in determining the bacterial cell shape. In standard medium, Escherichia coli cells are rod-shaped, and maintain a …             Nano-Biomechanical Study of Spatio-Temporal Cytoskeleton Rearrangements that Determine Subcellular Mechanical Properties and Endothelial Permeability ▶     Xin Wang, Reiner Bleher, Mary E. Brown et al.     The endothelial cell (EC) lining of the pulmonary vascular system forms a semipermeable barrier between blood and the interstitium and regulates various critical biochemical …             Mannan-modified adenovirus targeting TERT and VEGFR-2: A universal tumour vaccine ▶     Ying Wang, Jie Zhang, Yang Wu et al.     Antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells (DCs) express mannan receptors (MR) on their surface, which can be exploited in cancer therapy by designing immune-stimulatory …             Retrograde regulation of STIM1-Orai1 interaction and store-operated Ca2+ entry by calsequestrin ▶     Limin Wang, Lane Zhang, Shu Li et al.     Interaction between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located stromal interaction molecue1 (STIM1) and the plasma membrane-located Ca2+ channel subunit, Orai1, underlies …             Block of NMDA receptor channels by endogenous neurosteroids: implications for the agonist induced conformational states of the channel vestibule ▶     Vojtech Vyklicky, Barbora Krausova, Jiri Cerny et al.     N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate synaptic plasticity, and their dysfunction is implicated in multiple brain disorders. NMDARs can be allosterically modulated by …             Potential use of fatty acid profiles of the adductor muscle of cockles (Cerastoderma edule) for traceability of collection site ▶     Fernando Ricardo, Tânia Pimentel, Ana S. P. Moreira et al.     Geographic traceability of seafood is key for controlling its quality and safeguarding consumers’ interest. The present study assessed if the fatty acid (FA) profile of the …             Coadministration of indomethacin and minocycline attenuates established paclitaxel-induced neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia: Involvement of cannabinoid CB1 receptors ▶     Subramanian S. Parvathy, Willias Masocha     Taxanes such as paclitaxel, which are chemotherapeutic drugs, cause dose-dependent painful neuropathy in some patients. We investigated whether coadministration of minocycline …             Ratio of C-Reactive Protein/Albumin is An Inflammatory Prognostic Score for Predicting Overall Survival of Patients with Small-cell Lung Cancer ▶     Ting Zhou, Jianhua Zhan, Shaodong Hong et al.     Recent studies have indicated that the C-reactive protein/ albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We …             Molecular organization and comparative analysis of chromosome 5B of the wild wheat ancestor Triticum dicoccoides ▶     Bala Ani Akpinar, Meral Yuce, Stuart Lucas et al.     Wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides is the wild relative of Triticum turgidum, the progenitor of durum and bread wheat, and maintains a rich allelic diversity …             The Plasmodiophora brassicae genome reveals insights in its life cycle and ancestry of chitin synthases ▶     Arne Schwelm, Johan Fogelqvist, Andrea Knaust et al.     Plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot, a major disease of Brassica oil and vegetable crops worldwide. P. brassicae is a Plasmodiophorid, obligate biotrophic protist in the …             Effects of time delay and space on herbivore dynamics: linking inducible defenses of plants to herbivore outbreak ▶     Gui-Quan Sun, Su-Lan Wang, Qian Ren et al.     Empirical results indicate that inducible defenses of plants have effects on herbivore populations. However, little is known about how inducible defenses of plants have …             Cocaine-mediated impact on HIV infection in humanized BLT mice ▶     Sohn G. Kim, Emily L. Lowe, Dhaval Dixit et al.     Cocaine abuse has been shown to have broad-ranging effects on human immunity. With regards to HIV infection, in vitro studies have shown that cocaine enhances infection of …             Distribution of petroleum degrading genes and factor analysis of petroleum contaminated soil from the Dagang Oilfield, China ▶     Qinglong Liu, Jingchun Tang, Zhihui Bai et al.     Genes that encode for enzymes that can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are critical for the ability of microorganisms to bioremediate soils contaminated with PHs. …             A hybrid computational model to predict chemotactic guidance of growth cones ▶     Iolanda Morana Roccasalvo, Silvestro Micera, Pier Nicola Sergi     The overall strategy used by growing axons to find their correct paths during the nervous system development is not yet completely understood. Indeed, some emergent and …             The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Sepiidae, Cephalopoda) constructs cuttlebone from a liquid-crystal precursor ▶     Antonio G. Checa, Julyan H. E. Cartwright, Isabel Sánchez-Almazo et al.     Cuttlebone, the sophisticated buoyancy device of cuttlefish, is made of extensive superposed chambers that have a complex internal arrangement of calcified pillars and organic …             Failure dynamics of the global risk network ▶     Boleslaw K. Szymanski, Xin Lin, Andrea Asztalos et al.     Risks threatening modern societies form an intricately interconnected network that often underlies crisis situations. Yet, little is known about how risk materializations in …             Isoflurane preconditioning provides neuroprotection against stroke by regulating the expression of the TLR4 signalling pathway to alleviate microglial activation ▶     Meiyan Sun, Bin Deng, Xiaoyong Zhao et al.     Excessive microglial activation often contributes to inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity in the ischemic penumbra during the acute stage of ischemic stroke. Toll-like receptor 4 …             Continental drift and climate change drive instability in insect assemblages ▶     Fengqing Li, José Manuel Tierno de Figueroa, Sovan Lek et al.     Global change has already had observable effects on ecosystems worldwide, and the accelerated rate of global change is predicted in the future. However, the impacts of global …             Virus Genotype Distribution and Virus Burden in Children and Adults Hospitalized for Norovirus Gastroenteritis, 2012–2014, Hong Kong ▶     Martin C.W. Chan, Ting F. Leung, Tracy W.S. Chung et al.     We conducted a 2-year hospital-based study on norovirus gastroenteritis among children and adults between August 2012 and September 2014. A total of 1,146 norovirus cases were …             Profiling molecular and behavioral circadian rhythms in the non-symbiotic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis ▶     Matan Oren, Ann M. Tarrant, Shahar Alon et al.     Endogenous circadian clocks are poorly understood within early-diverging animal lineages. We have characterized circadian behavioral patterns and identified potential components …             Improving access to endogenous DNA in ancient bones and teeth ▶     Peter B. Damgaard, Ashot Margaryan, Hannes Schroeder et al.     Poor DNA preservation is the most limiting factor in ancient genomic research. In the majority of ancient bones and teeth, endogenous DNA molecules represent a minor fraction of …             Visualizing the activity of Escherichia coli divergent promoters and probing their dependence on superhelical density using dual-colour fluorescent reporter vector ▶     Irina S. Masulis, Zaira Sh. Babaeva, Sergey V. Chernyshov et al.     Mosaic pattern of transcription in alternating directions is a common feature of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes which rationality and origin remain enigmatic. In Escherichia …             Default and Executive Network Coupling Supports Creative Idea Production ▶     Roger E. Beaty, Mathias Benedek, Scott Barry Kaufman et al.     The role of attention in creative cognition remains controversial. Neuroimaging studies have reported activation of brain regions linked to both cognitive control and spontaneous …             Chimpanzee drumming: a spontaneous performance with characteristics of human musical drumming ▶     Valérie Dufour, Nicolas Poulin, Charlotte Curé et al.     Despite the quintessential role that music plays in human societies by enabling us to release and share emotions with others, traces of its evolutionary origins in other species …             Dimeric Organization of Blood Coagulation Factor VIII bound to Lipid Nanotubes ▶     Daniela Dalm, Jesus G. Galaz-Montoya, Jaimy L. Miller et al.     Membrane-bound Factor VIII (FVIII) has a critical function in blood coagulation as the pro-cofactor to the serine-protease Factor IXa (FIXa) in the FVIIIa-FIXa complex assembled …             Increased cerebrospinal fluid fibrinogen in major depressive disorder ▶     Kotaro Hattori, Miho Ota, Daimei Sasayama et al.     Major depressive disorder (MDD) presumably includes heterogeneous subgroups with differing pathologies. To obtain a marker reflecting such a subgroup, we analyzed the …             HIV-infected sex workers with beneficial HLA-variants are potential hubs for selection of HIV-1 recombinants that may affect disease progression ▶     Chih-Hao Chang, Nicolaas C. Kist, Tammy L. Stuart Chester et al.     Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against the HIV Gag protein are associated with lowering viremia; however, immune control is undermined by viral escape mutations. The …             Enhancing malaria diagnosis through microfluidic cell enrichment and magnetic resonance relaxometry detection ▶     Tian Fook Kong, Weijian Ye, Weng Kung Peng et al.     Despite significant advancements over the years, there remains an urgent need for low cost diagnostic approaches that allow for rapid, reliable and sensitive detection of malaria …             Chimpanzees and bonobos differ in intrinsic motivation for tool use ▶     Kathelijne Koops, Takeshi Furuichi, Chie Hashimoto     Tool use in nonhuman apes can help identify the conditions that drove the extraordinary expansion of hominin technology. Chimpanzees and bonobos are our closest living relatives. …             An integrated database of wood-formation related genes in plants ▶     Ting Xu, Tao Ma, Quanjun Hu et al.     Wood, which consists mainly of plant cell walls, is an extremely important resource in daily lives. Genes whose products participate in the processes of cell wall and wood …             Morphine Modulates Interleukin-4- or Breast Cancer Cell-induced Pro-metastatic Activation of Macrophages ▶     Samira Khabbazi, Yannick Goumon, Marie-Odile Parat     Interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment play a key role in the control of invasiveness, metastasis and angiogenesis. Macrophages …             Anchor-based classification and type-C inhibitors for tyrosine kinases ▶     Kai-Cheng Hsu, Tzu-Ying Sung, Chih-Ta Lin et al.     Tyrosine kinases regulate various biological processes and are drug targets for cancers. At present, the design of selective and anti-resistant inhibitors of kinases is an …             Large-scale identification of encystment-related proteins and genes in Pseudourostyla cristata ▶     Xiuxia Gao, Fenfen Chen, Tao Niu et al.     The transformation of a ciliate into cyst is an advance strategy against an adverse situation. However, the molecular mechanism for the encystation of free-living ciliates is …             Radiation quality-dependence of bystander effect in unirradiated fibroblasts is associated with TGF-β1-Smad2 pathway and miR-21 in irradiated keratinocytes ▶     Xiaoming Yin, Wenqian Tian, Longxiao Wang et al.     Traditional radiation biology states that radiation causes damage only in cells traversed by ionizing radiation. But radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE), which refers to …             Unveiling astrocytic control of cerebral blood flow with optogenetics ▶     Kazuto Masamoto, Miyuki Unekawa, Tatsushi Watanabe et al.     Cortical neural activities lead to changes in the cerebral blood flow (CBF), which involves astrocytic control of cerebrovascular tone. However, the manner in which astrocytic …             Regulation of gamma-secretase activating protein by the 5Lipoxygenase: in vitro and in vivo evidence ▶     Jin Chu, Jian-Guo Li, Nicholas E. Hoffman et al.     The formation of Aβ is directly controlled by the γ-secretase complex and its activator, γ-secretase activating protein (GSAP). GSAP derives from a C-terminal fragment of a …             18 GHz electromagnetic field induces permeability of Gram-positive cocci ▶     The Hong Phong Nguyen, Yury Shamis, Rodney J. Croft et al.     The effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures at the microwave (MW) frequency of 18 GHz, on four cocci, Planococcus maritimus KMM 3738, Staphylococcus aureus CIP 65.8T, S. …             Suppression of cell division-associated genes by Helicobacter pylori attenuates proliferation of RAW264.7 monocytic macrophage cells ▶     Grace Min Yi Tan, Chung Yeng Looi, Keith Conrad Fernandez et al.     Helicobacter pylori at multiplicity of infection (MOI ≥ 50) have been shown to cause apoptosis in RAW264.7 monocytic macrophage cells. Because chronic gastric infection by H. …             The evolution and devolution of cognitive control: The costs of deliberation in a competitive world ▶     Damon Tomlin, David G. Rand, Elliot A. Ludvig et al.     Dual-system theories of human cognition, under which fast automatic processes can complement or compete with slower deliberative processes, have not typically been incorporated …             Identification of the gene defect responsible for severe hypercholesterolaemia using whole-exome sequencing ▶     Li-Yuan Sun, Yong-Biao Zhang, Long Jiang et al.     Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a serious genetic metabolic disease. We identified a specific family in which the proband had typical homozygous phenotype of FH, but …             Aspartate Decarboxylase is Required for a Normal Pupa Pigmentation Pattern in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori ▶     Fangyin Dai, Liang Qiao, Cun Cao et al.     The pigmentation pattern of Lepidoptera varies greatly in different development stages. To date, the effects of key genes in the melanin metabolism pathway on larval and adult …             Subgingival microbiome in patients with healthy and ailing dental implants ▶     Hui Zheng, Lixin Xu, Zicheng Wang et al.     Dental implants are commonly used to replace missing teeth. However, the dysbiotic polymicrobial communities of peri-implant sites are responsible for peri-implant diseases, such …             Reversible Photoswitching of Carbon Dots ▶     Syamantak Khan, Navneet Chandra Verma, Abhishek Gupta et al.     We present a method of reversible photoswitching in carbon nanodots with red emission. A mechanism of electron transfer is proposed. The cationic dark state, formed by the …             Visualizing the appearance and disappearance of the attractor of differentiation using Raman spectral imaging ▶     Taro Ichimura, Liang-da Chiu, Katsumasa Fujita et al.     Using Raman spectral imaging, we visualized the cell state transition during differentiation and constructed hypothetical potential landscapes for attractors of cellular states …             CD44 is a direct target of miR-199a-3p and contributes to aggressive progression in osteosarcoma ▶     Yan Gao, Yong Feng, Jacson K. Shen et al.     Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Herein, we investigated the role of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a cell-surface …             Antiviral activity of silymarin against chikungunya virus ▶     Rafidah Lani, Pouya Hassandarvish, Chun Wei Chiam et al.     The mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes chikungunya fever, with clinical presentations such as severe back and small joint pain, and debilitating arthritis associated …             A G-quadruplex-binding compound showing anti-tumour activity in an in vivo model for pancreatic cancer ▶     Stephan A Ohnmacht, Chiara Marchetti, Mekala Gunaratnam et al.     We report here that a tetra-substituted naphthalene-diimide derivative (MM41) has significant in vivo anti-tumour activity against the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer xenograft …                     • Careers & Jobs           naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       PhD Student     Universität Basel            Postdoctoral Fellow     University of Maryland School of Medicine            Postdoctoral Research Fellow     University of Leeds            PhD student     KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology             Bioinformatician     University of Glasgow            Postdoctoral Researchers     John Innes Centre (JIC)            Postdoctoral position     Lund University            Research Associate     The University of Sheffield            Research Assistant Professor     University of Pennsylvania            Postdoctoral Scholar     The University of Iowa          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. 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