Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Contents: 2015 Volume #22 pp 349-431

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TABLE OF CONTENTS May 2015 Volume 22, Issue 5 Correspondence News and Views Research Highlights Articles Advertisement Nature Communications is now fully open access All new submissions if accepted, will be published open access and an article processing charge will apply. For more information visit the website. Visit our open access funding page  or contact openaccess@nature.com to learn more on APC funding. Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Correspondence Top Say it with proteins: an alphabet of crystal structures   p349 Mark Howarth doi:10.1038/nsmb.3011 News and Views Top A little less leads to lots more   pp350 - 351 Jonathan R Warner doi:10.1038/nsmb.3023 Mammalian cells have both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomes, which have long been considered to operate completely independently. However, a new report shows that after heat shock, MRPL18, a human mitochondrial ribosomal protein, binds to cytoplasmic ribosomes to influence translation of heat-shock mRNAs. See also: Article by Zhang et al. Light-driven Na+ pumps as next-generation inhibitory optogenetic tools   pp351 - 353 Przemyslaw Nogly and Jorg Standfuss doi:10.1038/nsmb.3017 The first structures of a light-driven sodium pump provide insight into the mechanism of ion transport and selectivity. Genetic manipulation of rat neuronal cells and of Caenorhabditis elegans worms demonstrates the utility of such pumps for optogenetic applications. See also: Article by Gushchin et al. A bumpy road for RNA polymerase II   pp353 - 355 Luciana E Giono and Alberto R Kornblihtt doi:10.1038/nsmb.3020 The identification of a second regulatory checkpoint controlling RNA polymerase II elongation near the poly(A) site of protein-coding genes reveals an additional level of complexity in the modulation of eukaryotic transcriptional elongation and termination. See also: Article by Laitem et al. Integrin bondage: filamin takes control   pp355 - 357 Nicola De Franceschi and Johanna Ivaska doi:10.1038/nsmb.3024 Regulation of integrin activity is critical for human health, and the steps mediating integrin activation are well established. In contrast, the counteracting mechanisms of inactivation are less understood. An integrin inhibitor, filamin, is shown to stabilize the integrin resting state by bondage of the cytoplasmic domains of the integrin heterodimer, thus providing evidence of a new mechanism for integrin retention in the inactive state. See also: Article by Liu et al. A molecular syringe that kills cells   pp357 - 359 Elena V Orlova doi:10.1038/nsmb.3021 R-type pyocins, produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are sheath-tube nanomachines that puncture the envelopes of target cells, inducing their death. Cryo-EM studies reveal the atomic structures of the pyocin R2 in its extended precontraction and postcontraction forms, which suggest a mechanism for the contraction process of this molecular syringe. See also: Article by Ge et al. Dynactin revealed   pp359 - 360 Samara L Reck-Peterson doi:10.1038/nsmb.3022 Dynactin is an essential cofactor for the microtubule-based motor cytoplasmic dynein. Two recent papers report structures obtained by cryo-EM of dynactin, the dynein-dynactin complex and dynein-dynactin bound to its track, the microtubule. Structural & Molecular Biology JOBS of the week PhD position in Molecular Biology - Structural biology of proteins involved in circadian rhythms & DNA replication Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) Mainz Postdoctoral Position - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX Postdoctoral fellows Harvard Medical School PhD (Marie Curie Early Stage Researcher ITN) Aix-Marseille Université Postdoctoral Scientist in Antibody Discovery Janssen (Johnson & Johnson Group) More Science jobs from Structural & Molecular Biology EVENT 40th FEBS Congress – The Biochemical Basis of Life 04.07.15 Berlin, Germany More science events from Research Highlights Top A barrier-breaking resolution | The yin and yang of eIF3 | Mammalian mitoribosomes revealed | SETX attenuates antiviral transcription Articles Top PRESTO-Tango as an open-source resource for interrogation of the druggable human GPCRome   pp362 - 369 Wesley K Kroeze, Maria F Sassano, Xi-Ping Huang, Katherine Lansu, John D McCorvy et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3014 Roth and colleagues have developed PRESTO-Tango, a new open-source platform for high-throughput screening of the entire human nonolfactory GPCRome, and they show how it can be used to identify new ligands for orphan human GPCRs. A lncRNA regulates alternative splicing via establishment of a splicing-specific chromatin signature   pp370 - 376 Inma Gonzalez, Roberto Munita, Eneritz Agirre, Travis A Dittmer, Katia Gysling et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3005 The evolutionarily conserved antisense long noncoding RNA asFGFR2 influences cell type–specific alternative-splicing patterns of FGFR2 by recruiting chromatin modifiers to the locus. Atomic structures of a bactericidal contractile nanotube in its pre- and postcontraction states   pp377 - 382 Peng Ge, Dean Scholl, Petr G Leiman, Xuekui Yu, Jeff F Miller et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2995 Cryo-EM structures of the pre- and postcontraction states of Pseudomonas aeruginosa R-type pyocins provide details of the conformational changes between the tube and sheath that take place during contraction. See also: News and Views by Orlova Structural mechanism of integrin inactivation by filamin   pp383 - 389 Jianmin Liu, Mitali Das, Jun Yang, Sujay Subbayya Ithychanda, Valentin P Yakubenko et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2999 The integrin inhibitor filamin competes with activators for integrin binding, but an NMR structural analysis now reveals that filamin also functions by stabilizing integrin in its resting state. See also: News and Views by De Franceschi & Ivaska Crystal structure of a light-driven sodium pump   pp390 - 395 Ivan Gushchin, Vitaly Shevchenko, Vitaly Polovinkin, Kirill Kovalev, Alexey Alekseev et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3002 Crystal structures of the microbial rhodopsin KR2, a recently discovered light-driven sodium pump, reveal the translocation pathway of sodium ions and shed light on the molecular mechanism of ion pumping. See also: News and Views by Nogly & Standfuss CDK9 inhibitors define elongation checkpoints at both ends of RNA polymerase II–transcribed genes   pp396 - 403 Clélia Laitem, Justyna Zaborowska, Nur F Isa, Johann Kufs, Martin Dienstbier et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3000 Genome-wide mapping of CDK9-dependent transcription-elongation checkpoints reveals an unexpected control point near the poly(A) site of pol II–transcribed human genes. See also: News and Views by Giono & Kornblihtt Translational control of the cytosolic stress response by mitochondrial ribosomal protein L18   pp404 - 410 Xingqian Zhang, Xiangwei Gao, Ryan Alex Coots, Crystal S Conn, Botao Liu et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3010 A stress-induced cytosolic isoform of the mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPL18 facilitates the specific translation of heat-shock proteins during the general shutdown of protein synthesis that occurs in response to cellular stress. See also: News and Views by Warner Subunit asymmetry and roles of conformational switching in the hexameric AAA+ ring of ClpX   pp411 - 416 Benjamin M Stinson, Vladimir Baytshtok, Karl R Schmitz, Tania A Baker and Robert T Sauer doi:10.1038/nsmb.3012 The hexameric ClpX AAA+ ATPase requires subunit asymmetry and switching between nucleotide-loadable and nucleotide-unloadable conformations for cooperative ATP hydrolysis and efficient substrate binding, unfolding and degradation. Notch is a direct negative regulator of the DNA-damage response   pp417 - 424 Jelena Vermezovic, Marek Adamowicz, Libero Santarpia, Alessandra Rustighi, Mattia Forcato et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3013 Assays in both C. elegans and human cells show that Notch interacts with ATM kinase to inhibit the DNA-damage response and that Notch activity is inversely correlated with ATM activation in breast cancer cells. Atomic structure of the Y complex of the nuclear pore   pp425 - 431 Kotaro Kelley, Kevin E Knockenhauer, Greg Kabachinski and Thomas U Schwartz doi:10.1038/nsmb.2998 Solving the crystal structure of the Y-complex hub allowed Schwartz and colleagues to assemble a high-resolution composite structure of the complete Y complex, one of the principal nuclear pore complex scaffolds. Top Advertisement The Naturejobs Career Expo is returning to Boston! May 20, 2015 This career fair offers young, talented researchers an excellent opportunity to meet a diverse selection of national and international employers from academic institutions and scientific industries, such as pharmaceutical organisations, digital technology companies, science publishing and more. Register for FREE today!   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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