Nature Immunology Contents: June 2015 Volume 16 pp 545 - 673

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Advertisement Call for Applications: The 2016 Vilcek Prizes for Creative Promise in Biomedical Science $50,000 cash awards for young, foreign-born researchers Learn more about eligibility requirements and apply at Vilcek.org Deadline: June 15, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS June 2015 Volume 16, Issue 6 Focus Editorial Reviews Perspective Research Highlights Obituary News and Views Research Highlights Articles Resource Advertisement   NEW WHITE PAPER: Xenograft Host Selection - Important Factors for Experimental Success Genetically engineered mouse models are an integral part of understanding tumor biology, validating in vitro findings, and mimicking disease progression. This paper explores: 5 critical elements to in-vivo study design Spontaneous immune deficient mice utility GEM application in Oncology research Download Now Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement 1st Nature Immunology - Cellular & Molecular Immunology Joint Conference: Inflammation, Stress and Immune Homeostasis June 17-19, 2015 | The Swan Lake Hotel, Hefei, China  Register Now!    Focus Top Focus on The immunology of HIV Contents Editorial Reviews Perspective Research Highlights Nature Immunology presents a series of specially commissioned articles that discuss the most recent progress in understanding the immune response to HIV and how this new insight can be harnessed for prophylactic vaccines and immunotherapies. Editorial Top Focus on The immunology of HIV A formidable challenge   p545 doi:10.1038/ni.3179 Better understanding of HIV biology, virus-host interactions and mechanisms of an efficient immune response advance efforts for effective vaccines and immunotherapies. Reviews Top Focus on The immunology of HIV Intrinsic host restrictions to HIV-1 and mechanisms of viral escape   pp546 - 553 Viviana Simon, Nicolin Bloch and Nathaniel R Landau doi:10.1038/ni.3156 HIV devotes a large portion of its coding capacity to counteracting the function of mammalian antiviral proteins. Landau and colleagues discuss the biology of mammalian restriction factors and the viral accessory proteins that counteract them. Focus on The immunology of HIV Innate immunity against HIV-1 infection   pp554 - 562 Marcus Altfeld and Michael Gale Jr doi:10.1038/ni.3157 Innate effector mechanisms contribute to the control of viremia and modulate the quality of the adaptive immune response to HIV-1. Altfeld and Gale discuss the concerted actions of PRR signaling, innate immune cells and innate-adaptive crosstalk that direct the outcome of HIV-1 infection. Focus on The immunology of HIV Success and failure of the cellular immune response against HIV-1   pp563 - 570 Stephen A Migueles and Mark Connors doi:10.1038/ni.3161 Understanding the success and failure of the HIV-specific cellular immune response has implications for immunotherapies and vaccines for HIV-1. Migueles and Connors discuss the mechanisms that are most likely responsible for durable and potent immunologic control of HIV-1 by the cellular immune response. Focus on The immunology of HIV Antibody responses to envelope glycoproteins in HIV-1 infection   pp571 - 576 Dennis R Burton and John R Mascola doi:10.1038/ni.3158 Antibody responses to the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins can be classified into three groups. Burton and Mascola discuss how recent insight into the structure and immunology of non-neutralizing, strain-specific and broadly neutralizing antibodies guide HIV-1 vaccine design and therapeutic strategies. Focus on The immunology of HIV The impact of host genetic variation on infection with HIV-1   pp577 - 583 Paul J McLaren and Mary Carrington doi:10.1038/ni.3147 An effect of host genetic variation on susceptibility to HIV-1 was identified early in the pandemic. McLaren and Carrington discuss the extent to which additional polymorphisms influence HIV-1 disease progression and how analysis of data sets may discover novel gene variants that affect the outcome of HIV-1. Perspective Top Focus on The immunology of HIV HIV reservoirs as obstacles and opportunities for an HIV cure   pp584 - 589 Tae-Wook Chun, Susan Moir and Anthony S Fauci doi:10.1038/ni.3152 The persistence of HIV reservoirs remains a barrier to sustained virologic remission in HIV-infected individuals after antiretroviral therapy is discontinued. Fauci and colleagues discuss the therapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating or controlling the virus in the absence of ART. Research Highlights Top Focus on The immunology of HIV Integration logistics | Neutralizing antibody evolution | HIV-1 in the driving seat | HIV keeps DCs immature | HIV entry | Passive protection Obituary Top Paula Pitha-Rowe 1937-2015   p591 Katherine A Fitzgerald doi:10.1038/ni.3173 News and Views Top TET1: an epigenetic guardian of lymphomagenesis   pp592 - 594 Kasper Dindler Rasmussen and Kristian Helin doi:10.1038/ni.3176 Due to their role in regulating DNA-methylation patterns, the TET proteins, in particular TET2, have emerged as key participants in tumorigenesis. Now the spotlight shifts to TET1 and its role as a tumor suppressor in lymphomagenesis. See also: Article by Cimmino et al. TOX sets the stage for innate lymphoid cells   pp594 - 595 Hergen Spits doi:10.1038/ni.3177 Like T cells and B cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) develop from common lymphoid progenitors, but how commitment to the ILC lineage is regulated has remained unclear. The transcriptional regulator TOX is important in this process. See also: Article by Seehus et al. A20 is a regulator of necroptosis   pp596 - 597 Prajwal Gurung, Si Ming Man and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti doi:10.1038/ni.3174 The anti-inflammatory molecule A20 inhibits necroptotic cell death by inhibiting ubiquitination of the kinase RIPK3 at the Lys5 residue and preventing excessive formation of the RIPK1-RIPK3 necroptotic complex. See also: Article by Onizawa et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Assistant Professor in Transplant Tolerance Immunology University of Toronto Postdoctoral position in Immunology, Institut Curie Institut Curie Avian Immunology Post-Doctoral Research Opportunity ORAU/ORISE Faculty Position in Immunology Northwestern University Masters (M.Sc.) in Immunology Trinity College Dublin More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT 3rd International Conference on ImmunoMetabolism: Molecular and Cellular Immunology of Metabolism 24th Sept - 29th Sept 2015 Chania, Greece More science events from Research Highlights Top NK cell action at a distance | | Tissue-specific surveillance | Rare protein modification | Strengthening barriers | Targeting leukemic stem cells Advertisement Automated Cell Sorting - Now Available at a Bench near You Take control of the how, when, and where of cell sorting with the S3e™, a benchtop instrument that makes cell sorting accessible to all. Automated setup and real-time sort monitoring eliminate the need for flow cytometry expertise, while a small footprint ensures that the S3e fits in almost any lab. Learn more and download a short guide that provides the expertise you need to get started with the S3e.   Articles Top The development of innate lymphoid cells requires TOX-dependent generation of a common innate lymphoid cell progenitor   pp599 - 608 Corey R Seehus, Parinaz Aliahmad, Brian de la Torre, Iliyan D Iliev, Lindsay Spurka et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3168 The transcriptional regulation of the differentiation of innate lymphoid cells remains incompletely characterized. Kaye and colleagues show that the transcriptional regulator TOX is required for the differentiation of common lymphoid progenitors into the innate lymphoid cell lineage. See also: News and Views by Spits Eosinophils orchestrate cancer rejection by normalizing tumor vessels and enhancing infiltration of CD8+ T cells   pp609 - 617 Rafael Carretero, Ibrahim M Sektioglu, Natalio Garbi, Oscar C Salgado, Philipp Beckhove et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3159 Eosinophils are commonly observed in solid tumors, but their role has remained uncertain. Hammerling and colleagues show that activated eosinophils contribute to tumor eradication by altering tumor vasculature and increasing the infiltration of CD8+ T cells. The ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 restricts ubiquitination of the kinase RIPK3 and protects cells from necroptosis   pp618 - 627 Michio Onizawa, Shigeru Oshima, Ulf Schulze-Topphoff, Juan A Oses-Prieto, Timothy Lu et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3172 A20 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that restrict inflammation by various mechanisms. Ma and colleagues show that A20 inhibits necroptosis by inhibiting the ubiquitination of RIPK3 and formation of the RIPK1-RIPK3 complex. See also: News and Views by Gurung et al. Peripheral regulatory T lymphocytes recirculating to the thymus suppress the development of their precursors   pp628 - 634 Nicolas Thiault, Julie Darrigues, Véronique Adoue, Marine Gros, Bénédicte Binet et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3150 Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) can suppress autoreactive immune responses in the periphery. Joost van Meerwijk and colleagues show that activated peripheral Treg cells can recirculate back to the thymus, where they can suppress further thymic Treg cell development. Thymic regulatory T cell niche size is dictated by limiting IL-2 from antigen-bearing dendritic cells and feedback competition   pp635 - 641 Brian M Weist, Nadia Kurd, Jeremy Boussier, Shiao Wei Chan and Ellen A Robey doi:10.1038/ni.3171 Thymic regulatory T cells require IL-2 for their development. Robey and colleagues show that developing cells compete with pre-existing regulatory T cells for limiting amounts of IL-2 produced by antigen-bearing dendritic cells Tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 mediates C-type lectin receptor-induced activation of the kinase Syk and anti-fungal TH17 responses   pp642 - 652 Zihou Deng, Shixin Ma, Hao Zhou, Aiping Zang, Yiyuan Fang et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3155 Fungal infection induces signaling downstream C-type lectin receptors through the activation of the tyrosine kinase Syk. Xiao and colleagues show that the phosphatase SHP-2 recruits Syk to dectin-1. TET1 is a tumor suppressor of hematopoietic malignancy   pp653 - 662 Luisa Cimmino, Meelad M Dawlaty, Delphine Ndiaye-Lobry, Yoon Sing Yap, Sofia Bakogianni et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3148 Methylation of DNA CpG motifs is modulated in part by the TET family of epigenetic regulators. Aifantis and colleagues show that loss of TET1 function biases hematopoiesis toward the B cell lineage and promotes hematopoietic malignancies. See also: News and Views by Rasmussen & Helin Advertisement nature.com webcasts Nature Publishing Group presents a custom webcast on: Addressing the challenges of characterizing mesenchymal populations Thursday, May 28, 2015, 10AM PDT, 1PM EDT, 6PM BST, 7PM CEST  Register for the webcast and live Q & A session  Access the accompanying Nature Collections: Multicolor flow cytometry free online. Sponsored by: BD Biosciences     Resource Top Transcriptional profiling of mouse B cell terminal differentiation defines a signature for antibody-secreting plasma cells   pp663 - 673 Wei Shi, Yang Liao, Simon N Willis, Nadine Taubenheim, Michael Inouye et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3154 The process of B cell differentiation into plasma cells involves dramatic cellular reprogramming. Corcoran and colleagues profile the transcriptome of all stages of B cell differentiation through to antibody-secreting plasma cells. Top Advertisement Nature Immunology Focus on The immunology of HIV Nature Immunology presents a series of specially commissioned articles that discuss the most recent progress in understanding the immune response to HIV and how this new insight can be harnessed for prophylactic vaccines and immunotherapies.  Click here for more information.     Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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