| | | Brief Communications Arising | | | | | | | 
Epigenome Roadmap Nature Publishing Group presents an online portal - the Epigenome Roadmap - which collects key research papers from The NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Program, complemented by thematical 'threads' to help the readers mine the wealth of available information. Access the Epigenome Roadmap for FREE at:
nature.com/epigenomeroadmap Produced with exclusive support from
Illumina | | | | | | | | | | | | | The crystallography of correlated disorder
Although classical crystallography is insufficient to determine disordered structure in crystals, correlated disorder does nevertheless contain clear crystallographic signatures that map to the type of disorder, which we are learning to decipher.
David A. Keen, Andrew L. Goodwin | | Neurotransmitter and psychostimulant recognition by the dopamine transporter
Here the X-ray crystal structures of the Drosophila dopamine transporter bound to dopamine, D-amphetamine, methamphetamine and cocaine are solved; these structures show how a neurotransmitter, small molecule stimulants and cocaine bind to a biogenic amine transporter, and are examples of how the ligand binding site of a neurotransmitter transporter can remodel itself to accommodate structurally unrelated small molecules that are different in shape, size and polarity or charge.
Kevin H. Wang, Aravind Penmatsa, Eric Gouaux | An alternative pluripotent state confers interspecies chimaeric competency
A previously unknown type of stem cell that can engraft in specific regions of the mouse epiblast is described; these region-selective pluripotent stem cells display notable intra- and inter-specific chimaera competency and will help to further our understanding of mammalian development.
Jun Wu, Daiji Okamura, Mo Li et al. | 3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya
Tool making has been considered to be an attribute of the genus Homo; this paper reports 3.3-million-year-old stone tools and the early timing of these tools provides evidence that the making and use of stone tools by hominins occurred before the evolution of our own genus.
Sonia Harmand, Jason E. Lewis, Craig S. Feibel et al. | | No signature of ejecta interaction with a stellar companion in three type Ia supernovae
The explosion of a type Ia supernova could be triggered either by accretion from a companion—which should be indicated by brightening caused by interaction of supernova ejecta with the companion—or by a merger with a white dwarf or other small star; here observations by the Kepler mission of three type Ia supernovae reveal no such brightening, leading to the conclusion that they were triggered by a merger.
Rob P. Olling, Richard Mushotzky, Edward J. Shaya et al. | Lipid nanoparticle siRNA treatment of Ebola-virus-Makona-infected nonhuman primates
Ebola-virus-targeting short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles are adapted to the current outbreak strain of the virus, and the siRNA cocktail is shown to protect nonhuman primates fully when administered 3 days after challenge with the current West African Ebola virus isolate; upon viral sequence data availability, the drug can be adapted to the new virus and produced in as little as 8 weeks.
Emily P. Thi, Chad E. Mire, Amy C. H. Lee et al. | A strong ultraviolet pulse from a newborn type Ia supernova
Observations of declining ultraviolet emission from a type Ia supernova within four days of the explosion are as expected if material ejected by the supernova collided with a companion star, supporting the single degenerate channel model of supernova progenitors.
Yi Cao, S. R. Kulkarni, D. Andrew Howell et al. | Non-Joulian magnetostriction
Typical ferromagnets elongate and contract anisotropically when placed in a magnetic field but conserve the overall volume, an effect known as Joule magnetostriction; here, a new effect is observed in Fe–Ga alloys—large non-volume-conserving or non-Joulian magnetostriction—which has not previously been observed in any magnet.
Harsh Deep Chopra, Manfred Wuttig | Selection on noise constrains variation in a eukaryotic promoter
Quantifying activity of cis-regulatory sequences controlling gene expression shows that selection on expression noise has a greater impact on sequence variation than selection on mean expression level.
Brian P. H. Metzger, David C. Yuan, Jonathan D. Gruber et al. | Selective corticostriatal plasticity during acquisition of an auditory discrimination task
During an auditory discrimination task in rats, synaptic inputs representing either high or low sound frequencies from the cortex to the striatum are specifically strengthened, depending on reward contingencies.
Qiaojie Xiong, Petr Znamenskiy, Anthony M. Zador | Early reprogramming regulators identified by prospective isolation and mass cytometry
Identification of transient early induced pluripotency reprogramming intermediates allows for mechanistic insight into the reprogramming process.
Ernesto Lujan, Eli R. Zunder, Yi Han Ng et al. | Signalling thresholds and negative B-cell selection in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
This study shows that, despite malignant transformation, autoimmune checkpoints are still functional in B-cell leukaemia, with targeted activation of these checkpoints effectively killing patient-derived B-cell leukaemia in a transplant model; the results represent a novel strategy to overcome drug resistance in leukaemia patients.
Zhengshan Chen, Seyedmehdi Shojaee, Maike Buchner et al. | Pioneer factors govern super-enhancer dynamics in stem cell plasticity and lineage choice
An analysis of mouse skin reveals that super-enhancers are critical to identity, lineage commitment and plasticity of adult stem cells; dynamic super-enhancer remodelling in new niches is dependent on the levels of pioneer transcription factor SOX9, which is identified as a key regulator of super-enhancer chromatin for hair follicle stem cells.
Rene C. Adam, Hanseul Yang, Shira Rockowitz et al. | Spin–motion entanglement and state diagnosis with squeezed oscillator wavepackets
A single atom is used to create squeezed 'Schrödinger's cat' states, which could be useful for quantum computation and interferometry.
Hsiang-Yu Lo, Daniel Kienzler, Ludwig de Clercq et al. | Recursive splicing in long vertebrate genes
Highly conserved recursive splice sites are identified in vertebrates, particularly within long genes encoding proteins that are involved in neuronal development; analysis of the splicing mechanism reveals that such recursive splicing sites can be used to dictate different mRNA isoforms.
Christopher R. Sibley, Warren Emmett, Lorea Blazquez et al. | Genome-wide identification of zero nucleotide recursive splicing in Drosophila
In flies, some introns contain internal splice sites that cause 'recursive splicing', a multi-step removal of a single intron; this study demonstrates that the scope of this regulatory mechanism is much more extensive in flies than had been appreciated, and provides details about the recursive splicing process.
Michael O. Duff, Sara Olson, Xintao Wei et al. | | | | |
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