Nature Materials contents: March 2015 Volume 14 Number 3 pp 245-360

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This web focus features a selection of articles that are related to the processes of converting and storing energy, including concepts of novel fuel cells, processing and materials for solar cells, as well as high-performance electrodes for supercapacitors and ion batteries.  Access the Web Focus today!    Editorial Top Complexity in nuclear materials   p245 doi:10.1038/nmat4234 In the nuclear industry, safety considerations rely on our ability to understand and control the behaviour of the relevant materials over a range of length and time scales. Commentaries Top Predicting material release during a nuclear reactor accident   pp247 - 252 Rudy J. M. Konings, Thierry Wiss & Ondrej Benes doi:10.1038/nmat4224 In the aftermath of a nuclear reactor accident, understanding the release of fission products from the fuel is key. Long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel   pp252 - 257 Rodney C. Ewing doi:10.1038/nmat4226 To design reliable and safe geological repositories it is critical to understand how the characteristics of spent nuclear fuel evolve with time, and how this affects the storage environment. Interview Top Nuclear materials in Japan   pp258 - 259 doi:10.1038/nmat4217 The incident at Fukushima Daiichi brought materials in the nuclear industry into the spotlight. Nature Materials talks to Tatsuo Shikama, Director of the International Research Centre for Nuclear Materials, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, about the current situation. Research Highlights Top Lithium-ion batteries: Simply silicon | Quantum mechanics: Entangled spins | Ferroelectric domains: Swift walls | Quantum optics: The dark exciton as a qubit | Protein patterning: Complex cues News and Views Top Glass corrosion: Sharpened interface   pp261 - 262 Andrew Putnis doi:10.1038/nmat4198 The finding of a sharp interface between a chemically attacked surface and the pristine bulk in a borosilicate glass is at odds with the widely held diffusion-based mechanisms of glass durability. See also: Letter by Hellmann et al. Topological insulators: Topology and structural distortions   pp262 - 263 Kai Sun doi:10.1038/nmat4227 Lattice distortions can be used to manipulate surface states in topological crystalline insulators. This discovery suggests new methods to control the motion of electrons in 2D electron systems. See also: Article by Zeljkovic et al. Van der Waals heterostructures: Stacked 2D materials shed light   pp264 - 265 Xiaomu Wang & Fengnian Xia doi:10.1038/nmat4218 A powerful strategy to leverage and combine the optoelectronic characteristics of different 2D materials is to stack them into vertical van der Waals heterostructures. This approach is now used to realize efficient light-emitting devices. See also: Letter by Withers et al. Material witness: A graphene explosion   p265 Philip Ball doi:10.1038/nmat4233 Elastic shells: Mapping curved wrinkles   pp266 - 267 Christian Santangelo doi:10.1038/nmat4230 A theory explains the role of curvature in controlling wrinkle patterns on elastic shells. See also: Article by Stoop et al. Bioelectronics: Soft implants for long-term use   p267 Luigi Martiradonna doi:10.1038/nmat4235 Cell mechanics: Hydraulic cracking   pp268 - 269 Emad Moeendarbary & Guillaume Charras doi:10.1038/nmat4229 Cracks in stretched epithelial tissue are caused by a build-up of hydraulic pressure beneath the cells when the tissue is unloaded. See also: Article by Casares et al. Nature Materials JOBS of the week Associate Scientist, Advanced Materials Research BASF Postdoctoral Research Position - Energetic Materials under Dynamic and Static Compression Institute for Shock Physics / WSU DFT Methods for Complex Magnetic Systems Royal Holloway University of London Optical Systems Research Scientist Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) PhD student position in ultra-low noise transistors and amplifiers Chalmers University of Technology More Science jobs from Nature Materials EVENT 2nd Functional Polymeric Materials 05.08.15 West Berkshire, UK More science events from Progress Article Top The role of graphene for electrochemical energy storage   pp271 - 279 Rinaldo Raccichini, Alberto Varzi, Stefano Passerini & Bruno Scrosati doi:10.1038/nmat4170 Graphene is potentially attractive for electrochemical energy storage devices but whether it will lead to real technological progress is still unclear. Recent applications of graphene in battery technology and electrochemical capacitors are now assessed critically. Letters Top Ultrahigh mobility and giant magnetoresistance in the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2   pp280 - 284 Tian Liang, Quinn Gibson, Mazhar N. Ali, Minhao Liu, R. J. Cava & N. P. Ong doi:10.1038/nmat4143 Three-dimensional analogues of graphene have recently been synthesized. The transport properties of such a Dirac semimetal, Cd3As2, have been studied, revealing an unexpected mechanism that suppresses backscattering dramatically. Superconductivity above 100 K in single-layer FeSe films on doped SrTiO3   pp285 - 289 Jian-Feng Ge, Zhi-Long Liu, Canhua Liu, Chun-Lei Gao, Dong Qian, Qi-Kun Xue, Ying Liu & Jin-Feng Jia doi:10.1038/nmat4153 Monolayer iron selenide grown on SrTiO3 has recently gained attention due to suggestive evidence it superconducts at high temperature. In situ electrical transport measurements now reveal a transition temperature above 100 K. Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2   pp290 - 294 Edbert J. Sie, James W. McIver, Yi-Hsien Lee, Liang Fu, Jing Kong & Nuh Gedik doi:10.1038/nmat4156 The lifting of valley degeneracy in the monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide WS2 is now demonstrated by the optical Stark effect, showing that each valley can be selectively tuned by up to 18 meV. High thermal conductivity in amorphous polymer blends by engineered interchain interactions   pp295 - 300 Gun-Ho Kim, Dongwook Lee, Apoorv Shanker, Lei Shao, Min Sang Kwon, David Gidley, Jinsang Kim & Kevin P. Pipe doi:10.1038/nmat4141 A high density of strong hydrogen bonds connecting two polymers that are homogeneously mixed in a thin film is shown to enhance the intrachain thermal conductance, boosting thermal transport in fully organic layers. Light-emitting diodes by band-structure engineering in van der Waals heterostructures   pp301 - 306 F. Withers, O. Del Pozo-Zamudio, A. Mishchenko, A. P. Rooney, A. Gholinia, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. J. Haigh, A. K. Geim, A. I. Tartakovskii & K. S. Novoselov doi:10.1038/nmat4205 Monolayers of graphene, boron nitride and transition metal dichalcogenides are stacked in vertical heterostructures to realize light-emitting devices based on single and multiple quantum wells, with bright electroluminescence up to room temperature. See also: News and Views by Wang & Xia Nanometre-scale evidence for interfacial dissolution–reprecipitation control of silicate glass corrosion   pp307 - 311 Roland Hellmann, Stéphane Cotte, Emmanuel Cadel, Sairam Malladi, Lisa S. Karlsson, Sergio Lozano-Perez, Martiane Cabié & Antoine Seyeux doi:10.1038/nmat4172 The usual model of glass corrosion is based on diffusion-coupled hydration and selective cation release. A novel corrosion mechanism now suggests that interfacial dissolution–reprecipitation may be a universal process that controls both silicate glass corrosion and mineral weathering. See also: News and Views by Putnis Entropic shrinkage of an oxide glass   pp312 - 317 Seiji Inaba, Hideo Hosono & Setsuro Ito doi:10.1038/nmat4151 Entropic elasticity, typical of rubbers and known to also occur in organic polymers with certain network structures, is now demonstrated for phosphate-glass fibres with highly anisotropic structures. Articles Top Dirac mass generation from crystal symmetry breaking on the surfaces of topological crystalline insulators   pp318 - 324 Ilija Zeljkovic, Yoshinori Okada, Maksym Serbyn, R. Sankar, Daniel Walkup, Wenwen Zhou, Junwei Liu, Guoqing Chang, Yung Jui Wang, M. Zahid Hasan, Fangcheng Chou, Hsin Lin, Arun Bansil, Liang Fu & Vidya Madhavan doi:10.1038/nmat4215 Symmetry-breaking distortion on the surface of topological crystalline insulators imparts mass to Dirac electrons. The mass is shown to depend on the penetration depth of the surface states. Non-topological surface states are also reported. See also: News and Views by Sun Coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in (Li0.8Fe0.2)OHFeSe   pp325 - 329 X. F. Lu, N. Z. Wang, H. Wu, Y. P. Wu, D. Zhao, X. Z. Zeng, X. G. Luo, T. Wu, W. Bao, G. H. Zhang, F. Q. Huang, Q. Z. Huang & X. H. Chen doi:10.1038/nmat4155 Enhancing the superconducting temperature is often the main driver of synthetic studies of novel superconducting materials. Now, an approach yielding an air-stable iron selenide system that superconducts up to 40 K is reported. Highly efficient blue electroluminescence based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence   pp330 - 336 Shuzo Hirata, Yumi Sakai, Kensuke Masui, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Sae Youn Lee, Hiroko Nomura, Nozomi Nakamura, Mao Yasumatsu, Hajime Nakanotani, Qisheng Zhang, Katsuyuki Shizu, Hiroshi Miyazaki & Chihaya Adachi doi:10.1038/nmat4154 Molecular design rules are defined to obtain metal-free blue-emitting organic compounds that show thermally activated delayed fluorescence with high photoluminescence efficiency. An internal electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 100% is reached. Curvature-induced symmetry breaking determines elastic surface patterns   pp337 - 342 Norbert Stoop, Romain Lagrange, Denis Terwagne, Pedro M. Reis & Jörn Dunkel doi:10.1038/nmat4202 A generalized theory is provided for the quantitative description of wrinkling morphologies and of the transitions between surface patterns in curved elastic bilayer materials. See also: News and Views by Santangelo Hydraulic fracture during epithelial stretching   pp343 - 351 Laura Casares, Romaric Vincent, Dobryna Zalvidea, Noelia Campillo, Daniel Navajas, Marino Arroyo & Xavier Trepat doi:10.1038/nmat4206 Measurements in stretched epithelial cell sheets show that epithelial cracks are independent of tension and that epithelial fracture is caused by the hydraulic pressure that builds up in the extracellular matrix during stretching. See also: News and Views by Moeendarbary & Charras Light-triggered in vivo activation of adhesive peptides regulates cell adhesion, inflammation and vascularization of biomaterials   pp352 - 360 Ted T. Lee, José R. García, Julieta I. Paez, Ankur Singh, Edward A. Phelps, Simone Weis, Zahid Shafiq, Asha Shekaran, Aránzazu del Campo & Andrés J. García doi:10.1038/nmat4157 Transdermal light-triggered activation of cell-adhesive peptides on the surface of implanted hydrogels alters cell–material interactions, such as cell adhesion and spatial patterning, and fibrous encapsulation and vascularization of the material. Top Advertisement The February 2015 special issue of Polymer Journal on Fusion Materials: Creative Development of Materials and Exploration of their Function through Molecular Control is a collection of papers contributed by the members of the research project of same title, focusing on the innovative researches in construction of high-functional structural materials.  Take advantage of FREE access to select articles today!     Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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