Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Contents: 2015 Volume #22 pp 1-97

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TABLE OF CONTENTS January 2015 Volume 22, Issue 1 Focus Editorial Commentaries Reviews Perspective Research Highlights Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Focus Top Focus on Noncoding RNAs Focus issue: January 2015 Volume 22 No 1 Contents Editorial Commentaries Reviews Perspective Research Highlights Editorial Top Focus on Noncoding RNAs The noncoding explosion   p1 doi:10.1038/nsmb.2952 The long-held view that the primary role of RNA is to code for proteins has been severely undermined. This Focus explores the remarkable functional diversity of RNA in light of recent breakthroughs in noncoding-RNA biology. Commentaries Top Focus on Noncoding RNAs Roles for noncoding RNAs in cell-fate determination and regeneration   pp2 - 4 Mo Li and Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte doi:10.1038/nsmb.2946 Cellular fate is determined by transcriptional networks and epigenetic states. In addition to protein factors, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs and long ncRNAs, are able to remodel transcriptional circuits and reshape epigenetic landscapes. This Commentary highlights the emerging roles of these ncRNAs in cellular reprogramming, transdifferentiation and organ regeneration. Focus on Noncoding RNAs Discovery and annotation of long noncoding RNAs    pp5 - 7 John S Mattick and John L Rinn doi:10.1038/nsmb.2942 Recent advances in RNA-sequencing technologies have led to the discovery of thousands of previously unannotated noncoding transcripts, including many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) whose functions remain largely unknown. Here, the authors discuss considerations and best practices when identifying and annotating lncRNAs that should aid their functional and mechanistic exploration. Focus on Noncoding RNAs Using synthetic RNAs as scaffolds and regulators    pp8 - 10 Cameron Myhrvold and Pamela A Silver doi:10.1038/nsmb.2944 The natural versatility of RNA makes it an ideal substrate for bioengineering. Its structural properties and predictable base-pairing permit its use as molecular scaffold, and its ability to interact with nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules confers a regulatory potential that can be harvested to design RNA regulators in diverse contexts. Structural & Molecular Biology JOBS of the week PhD Position in Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics VIB Structural Biology Research Center Postdoctoral Scientist – Studying Peripheral Neuropathies in Drosophila VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp Postdoctoral Fellow University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine PhD Position (E13 / 65%) in the Ökten Group Technische Universität München (TUM) More Science jobs from Structural & Molecular Biology EVENT Thiol-based redox switches in life sciences 18.09.15 Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spain More science events from Reviews Top Focus on Noncoding RNAs Noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis and function   pp11 - 19 Denis L J Lafontaine doi:10.1038/nsmb.2939 The ribosome is a complex molecular machine that is central to protein synthesis. This Review highlights the various roles of noncoding RNAs during the different steps of ribosome biogenesis and discusses the consequences for ribosome function. Focus on Noncoding RNAs From guide to target: molecular insights into eukaryotic RNA-interference machinery   pp20 - 28 Jonathan J Ipsaro and Leemor Joshua-Tor doi:10.1038/nsmb.2931 RNA interference (RNAi) is a process by which small noncoding RNAs direct molecular machinery to silence gene expression. In this Review, Ipsaro and Joshua-Tor discuss the mechanisms and structures that govern RNAi in higher organisms. Perspective Top Focus on Noncoding RNAs Technologies to probe functions and mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs   pp29 - 35 Ci Chu, Robert C Spitale and Howard Y Chang doi:10.1038/nsmb.2921 In this Perspective, Spitale, Chang and Chu discuss recent technological advances that will aid in the functional characterization of long noncoding RNAs, which up to now has posed a substantial challenge. Research Highlights Top Focus on Noncoding RNAs Ribozyme crosses chirality borders | Lnc-ing BCAR4 to metastasis | A CRISPR cut to bacteria Articles Top Crystal structure of a BRAF kinase domain monomer explains basis for allosteric regulation   pp37 - 43 Neroshan Thevakumaran, Hugo Lavoie, David A Critton, Andrew Tebben, Anne Marinier et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2924 All RAF kinase domain structures reported to date have adopted a dimer configuration. Marc Therrien, Frank Sicheri and colleagues now report a crystal structure of the BRAF monomeric 'off' state, providing insight into its catalytic activation. 5-Formylcytosine alters the structure of the DNA double helix   pp44 - 49 Eun-Ang Raiber, Pierre Murat, Dimitri Y Chirgadze, Dario Beraldi, Ben F Luisi et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2936 5-Formylcytosine (5fC) is implicated in active DNA demethylation and has been proposed to act as an epigenetic signal. Balasubramanian and colleagues now report that this base modification imparts a unique, previously undescribed conformation to DNA. A coiled-coil domain acts as a molecular ruler to regulate O-antigen chain length in lipopolysaccharide   pp50 - 56 Gregor Hagelueken, Bradley R Clarke, Hexian Huang, Anne Tuukkanen, Iulia Danciu et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2935 Bacterial LPS O-antigen is synthesized with a narrow size range by polymerase WbdA and terminating protein WbdD. An extended coiled-coil domain in WbdD determines the length of the synthesized O-chain, acting as a molecular ruler. Conformational dynamics in substrate-binding domains influences transport in the ABC importer GlnPQ   pp57 - 64 Giorgos Gouridis, Gea K Schuurman-Wolters, Evelyn Ploetz, Florence Husada, Ruslan Vietrov et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2929 Bacterial ABC importer GlnPQ has two fused substrate-binding domains (SBDs). Single-molecule FRET is now used to probe the conformational dynamics of the SBDs, which are shown to directly influence transport rates. Visualizing phosphodiester-bond hydrolysis by an endonuclease   pp65 - 72 Rafael Molina, Stefano Stella, Pilar Redondo, Hansel Gomez, María José Marcaida et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2932 Different catalytic steps of endonuclease I-DmoI are captured crystallographically to allow direct observation of the generation of a DNA double-strand break. A third metal ion enters the active site and has a key role in hydrolysis. The AAA3 domain of cytoplasmic dynein acts as a switch to facilitate microtubule release   pp73 - 80 Mark A DeWitt, Caroline A Cypranowska, Frank B Cleary, Vladislav Belyy and Ahmet Yildiz doi:10.1038/nsmb.2930 Cytoplasmic dynein has multiple ATPase subunits, with AAA1 as the primary ATPase. Single-molecule and biochemical approaches reveal that AAA3 ATPase has a role in switching dynein between cargo-transport and microtubule-anchoring modes. Structure of myosin-1c tail bound to calmodulin provides insights into calcium-mediated conformational coupling   pp81 - 88 Qing Lu, Jianchao Li, Fei Ye and Mingjie Zhang doi:10.1038/nsmb.2923 Myo1c is a monomeric, unconventional myosin that can sense mechanical force in the cell. The structure of Myo1c's entire tail and neck domains in complex with apocalmodulin reveals a new mode of calmodulin interaction. Human cells contain natural double-stranded RNAs with potential regulatory functions   pp89 - 97 Maximiliano M Portal, Valeria Pavet, Cathie Erb and Hinrich Gronemeyer doi:10.1038/nsmb.2934 Gronemeyer and colleagues identify naturally occurring double-stranded RNAs arising from sense-antisense transcript pairs and demonstrate that one of these RNAs, nds-2a, interacts with mitotic protein complexes and is required for cellular mitosis. Advertisement Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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