| | The African Genome Variation Project shapes medical genetics in Africa
The African Genome Variation Project contains the whole-genome sequences of 320 individuals and dense genotypes on 1,481 individuals from sub-Saharan Africa; it enables the design and interpretation of genomic studies, with implications for finding disease loci and clues to human origins.
Deepti Gurdasani, Tommy Carstensen, Fasil Tekola-Ayele et al. | Internal models direct dragonfly interception steering
This study tracks dragonfly head and body movements during high-velocity and high-precision prey-capture flights, and shows that the dragonfly uses predictive internal models and reactive control to build an interception trajectory that complies with biomechanical constraints.
Matteo Mischiati, Huai-Ti Lin, Paul Herold et al. | | Impact jetting as the origin of chondrules
The origin of most chondrules (small, previously molten spherules inside meteorites) is shown to be impact jetting; chondrules form from the shock-melted material ejected from a protoplanet on impact, making meteorites a byproduct of planet formation.
Brandon C. Johnson, David A. Minton, H. J. Melosh et al. | Direct observation of electron propagation and dielectric screening on the atomic length scale
Attosecond light pulses are now available experimentally, enabling ultrafast processes on the atomic scale to be probed; here the free-electron-like propagation of electrons through ultrathin layers of magnesium is observed in real time.
S. Neppl, R. Ernstorfer, A. L. Cavalieri et al. | Non-stabilized nucleophiles in Cu-catalysed dynamic kinetic asymmetric allylic alkylation
A copper-catalysed dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation using racemic substrates and alkyl nucleophiles is reported; organometallic reagents are generated in situ from alkenes by hydrometallation, and give highly enantioenriched products under mild reaction conditions.
Hengzhi You, Emeline Rideau, Mireia Sidera et al. | The terrestrial uranium isotope cycle
Examination of the global uranium cycle — whereby uranium from the Earth's crust is first transported to the oceans and then returned, by subduction, to the mantle — shows that the subducted uranium is isotopically distinct from the Earth as a whole and that this signature has been stirred throughout upper mantle, arguably within the past 600 million years.
Morten B. Andersen, Tim Elliott, Heye Freymuth et al. | Promoterless gene targeting without nucleases ameliorates haemophilia B in mice
Promoterless recombinant adeno-associated virus is used without nucleases to target the human coagulation factor IX gene to the liver-expressed albumin locus in haemophilia B mice, with an on-target integration into ∼0.5% of the albumin alleles in hepatocytes; stable F9 plasma levels at 7–20% of normal were obtained, leading to normal coagulation times in treated factor-IX-deficient mice.
A. Barzel, N. K. Paulk, Y. Shi et al. | Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture
A global meta-analysis of conservation agriculture principles indicates that the potential contribution of no-till to the sustainable intensification of agriculture is more limited than often assumed.
Cameron M. Pittelkow, Xinqiang Liang, Bruce A. Linquist et al. | Long-term phenotypic evolution of bacteria
A comparative analysis of bacterial growth and genetic phenotypes using hundreds of genome-scale metabolic models reveals a two-stage evolutionary process that consists of a rapid initial phenotypic diversification followed by a slow long-term divergence.
Germán Plata, Christopher S. Henry, Dennis Vitkup | The neural representation of taste quality at the periphery
Using two-photon microendoscopy and genetically encoded calcium indicators the tuning properties of the first neural station of the gustatory system are explored; results reveal that ganglion neurons are matched to specific taste receptor cells, supporting a labelled line model of information transfer in the taste system.
Robert P. J. Barretto, Sarah Gillis-Smith, Jayaram Chandrashekar et al. | Control of plant stem cell function by conserved interacting transcriptional regulators
Here, plant HAM proteins are shown to physically interact with the transcription factor WUSCHEL and the related WOX proteins, with this interaction driving downstream transcriptional programs and determining the activities of stem cells.
Yun Zhou, Xing Liu, Eric M. Engstrom et al. | Modulation of hydrophobic interactions by proximally immobilized ions
Chemical force microscopy measurements show that the immobilization of specific cationic groups near non-polar domains produces pronounced changes in the domains' hydrophobic interaction strengths: charged ammonium groups double interaction strengths, whereas guanidinium groups eliminate measurable interactions.
C. Derek Ma, Chenxuan Wang, Claribel Acevedo-Vélez et al. | Broad CTL response is required to clear latent HIV-1 due to dominance of escape mutations
Despite receiving antiretroviral therapy, most patients with HIV still have latent reservoirs of the virus; here, these reservoirs are shown to be dominated by viruses with cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations, with potential implications for the development of therapeutic vaccines.
Kai Deng, Mihaela Pertea, Anthony Rongvaux et al. | CEACAM1 regulates TIM-3-mediated tolerance and exhaustion
CEACAM1 functions as a novel heterophilic ligand for TIM-3 and is necessary for TIM-3-mediated tolerance, which has marked consequences for inflammation, infection and cancer.
Yu-Hwa Huang, Chen Zhu, Yasuyuki Kondo et al. | An ERK/Cdk5 axis controls the diabetogenic actions of PPARγ
Blocking ERK/MAP kinases improves insulin sensitivity thorough a mechanism similar to the actions of the anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones drugs on PPARγ.
Alexander S. Banks, Fiona E. McAllister, João Paulo G. Camporez et al. | Subnanometre-resolution electron cryomicroscopy structure of a heterodimeric ABC exporter
The subnanometre-resolution electron cryomicroscopy structure of TmrAB, a heterodimeric ABC transport protein, in a nucleotide-free, inward-facing conformation, is determined.
JungMin Kim, Shenping Wu, Thomas M. Tomasiak et al. | | | | |
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