Nature Reviews Neuroscience contents January 2015 Volume 16 Number 1 pp 1-61

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
January 2015 Volume 16 Number 1
Impact Factor 31.376 *	In this issue Research Highlights Reviews Perspectives Also this month Article series: The endocannabinoid system Also this month  Featured article: The mechanisms and functions of spontaneous neurotransmitter release Ege T. Kavalali
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Sensory neurons: The sense in reprogramming p1 | doi:10.1038/nrn3894 Mouse and human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed to become peripheral sensory neurons in vitro through overexpression of certain combinations of transcription factors. PDF Aging: A slow slide in memory p2 | doi:10.1038/nrn3882 Age-related memory impairment is thought to result from cumulative oxidative damage in neurons, but this study shows that in Drosophila melanogaster, these memory impairments are as a result of reduced D-serine production by glia. PDF Neurodegenerative disease: A social role for microRNA p2 | doi:10.1038/nrn3884 Reduced sociability in frontotemporal dementia may be due, at least in part, to a reduction in miR-124 levels resulting in altered AMPA receptor composition and function in the frontal cortex. PDF Circadian rhythms: Remembering night and day p3 | doi:10.1038/nrn3885 Events that cause circadian arrhythmia such as travel across time zones or shift work impair memory formation and in hamsters this is shown to require intact circuitry in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. PDF Sensory processing: Geniculate ganglion neurons have individual tastes p4 | doi:10.1038/nrn3883 The majority of neurons in the geniculate ganglion — which receives inputs from taste receptor cells on the tongue — are singly tuned to a particular taste quality. PDF Visual processing: Taking an in-depth look at motion p4 | doi:10.1038/nrn3893 Neurons in cortical area MT have a crucial role in representing motion in depth. PDF IN BRIEF Neurodevelopmental disorders: Developmental delays | Brain ageing: Last in, first out? | Synaptic physiology: Human efficiency | Neuroinflammation: Transport disruption in multiple sclerosis PDF Neuroscience JOBS of the week Neuroscience Research Assistant / Associate Professor, Term Tenure Track University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Postdoctoral Research Associate - Princeton University Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University Sensory / Motor Neurobiologist Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center Postdoctoral positiion University of Iowa PhD Studentships in Neurotechnology at Imperial College London Imperial College London More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT The Fourth Annual UAE Epilepsy Congress 2015 22.05.15 Dubai, UAE More science events from
REVIEWS		Top
The mechanisms and functions of spontaneous neurotransmitter release Ege T. Kavalali p5 | doi:10.1038/nrn3875 It was traditionally assumed that the spontaneous release of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles at neuronal synapses results from the random activation of the vesicle fusion machinery that underlies action potential-driven evoked release. However, the recent evidence described by Kavalali in this Review now suggests that the mechanisms, regulation and functions of spontaneous neurotransmitter release are distinct from those of evoked neurotransmission. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
The neuroprotective actions of oestradiol and oestrogen receptors Maria-Angeles Arevalo, Iñigo Azcoitia & Luis M. Garcia-Segura p17 | doi:10.1038/nrn3856 Recent discoveries have shown that both hormonal and brain-derived oestradiol have neuroprotective effects. This Review provides a comprehensive review of the multiple cell types, receptors and signalling cascades that underlie oestradiol-mediated neuroprotection. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Article series: The endocannabinoid system Endocannabinoid signalling and the deteriorating brain Vincenzo Di Marzo, Nephi Stella & Andreas Zimmer p30 | doi:10.1038/nrn3876 Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders — as well as normal ageing — are accompanied by changes in endocannabinoid signalling. In this Review, Di Marzo and colleagues discuss the different mechanisms through which endocannabinoid signalling both contributes to and mitigates these conditions, and how they could serve as targets for novel therapeutics. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION Sensory theories of developmental dyslexia: three challenges for research Usha Goswami p43 | doi:10.1038/nrn3836 Developmental dyslexia occurs across languages and has a major impact on the lives of affected individuals. Here, Usha Goswami considers the evidence for several prominent 'sensory' theories of dyslexia and outlines the key challenges for research in this area. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
OPINION Salience processing and insular cortical function and dysfunction Lucina Q. Uddin p55 | doi:10.1038/nrn3857 Recent work suggests that the insula forms part of a network that mediates the processing of salient stimuli. In this Opinion article, Lucina Q. Uddin examines the role of the insula in salience processing before outlining that dysfunction of such processing in insular subdivisions might accompany several brain disorders. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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