Nature Medicine Contents: December 2014 Volume 20 Number 12 pp 1355-1492

If you are unable to see the message below, click here to view.

TABLE OF CONTENTS December 2014 Volume 20, Issue 12 Editorial News Correspondence News and Views Perspective Brief Communications Articles Letters Analysis Technical Reports Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Podcast Editorial Top Principled compassion   p1355 doi:10.1038/nm.3772 Investigational drugs can save or extend lives, and seriously ill patients not able to take part in clinical trials should have access to such drugs whenever possible. In a climate of increased public pressure for this access—often termed compassionate use—five states in the US have passed so-called 'right to try' legislation. These laws are ill advised, as they are not likely to substantially increase access and have the potential to compromise the clinical trial system. News Top Advances in marmoset and mouse models buoy Ebola research   pp1356 - 1357 Cassandra Willyard doi:10.1038/nm1214-1356 Europe seeks to streamline drug evaluations in its member states   pp1357 - 1358 Katharine Sanderson doi:10.1038/nm1214-1357 University travel bans and quarantines may impede Ebola response   p1359 Cassandra Willyard doi:10.1038/nm1214-1359 News in Brief Biomedical briefing   pp1360 - 1361 doi:10.1038/nm1214-1360 News Features Old as time: What we can learn from past attempts to treat aging   pp1362 - 1364 Erika Check Hayden doi:10.1038/nm1214-1362 The Yearbook   p1365 Manasi Vaidya and Shraddha Chakradhar doi:10.1038/nm1214-1365 Our list of newsmakers this year includes a range of nonconformists, from a scientist advocating population-wide genetic tests to a doctor who caused a stir while waiting for takeout food. 2014 in Review   pp1366 - 1367 Manasi Vaidya and Shraddha Chakradhar doi:10.1038/nm1214-1366 At first glance, 2014 may seem like a year dominated by disease outbreaks, from polio's reemergence in parts of Asia to the Ebola epidemic that still continues to make headlines. But a closer look indicates 2014 was replete with regulatory rulings, big investments in genomic medicine and activism in the name of research funding. Notable advances 2014   pp1368 - 1369 Amanda Keener doi:10.1038/nm1214-1368 This year's most notable research included studies that opened new avenues for regenerative medicine, paved the way to editing out vulnerability to disease and unraveled the genetic complexities underlying diseases such as leukemia and schizophrenia. Here are some of the papers that captured our attention and moved their fields forward in 2014. Drugs that made headlines in 2014   pp1370 - 1371 Amanda Keener doi:10.1038/nm1214-1370 This year's newsworthy drugs made major strides against infectious diseases, cancer and more. Some others received attention for controversies they stemmed or stomped. Here is a look at the therapies that leapt forward, some that are in limbo, and others that fell by the wayside. Correspondence Top IL-18 is not therapeutic for neovascular age-related macular degeneration   pp1372 - 1375 Yoshio Hirano, Tetsuhiro Yasuma, Takeshi Mizutani, Benjamin J Fowler, Valeria Tarallo et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3671 Reply to IL-18 is not therapeutic for neovascular age-related macular degeneration   pp1376 - 1377 Sarah L Doyle, Peter Adamson, Francisco J Lopez, Peter Humphries and Matthew Campbell doi:10.1038/nm.3741 News and Views Top An epigenetic therapy for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas   pp1378 - 1379 Vijay Ramaswamy, Marc Remke and Michael D Taylor doi:10.1038/nm.3769 Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is a uniformly lethal malignant tumor of infancy with no effective therapies. A new study reveals that inhibition of JMJD3 has robust antitumor activity in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma xenografts. See also: Brief Communication by Hashizume et al. A role for interleukin-22 in the alleviation of metabolic syndrome   pp1379 - 1381 Elise Dalmas and Marc Y Donath doi:10.1038/nm.3748 Increasing evidence points to a role for the immune system in the regulation of metabolism. Two new studies in mice indicate treatment with interleukin-22 restores mucosal immunity in diabetes and alleviates metabolic disease, resulting in improved glycemic control. See also: Article by Hasnain et al. MicroRNA-124 modulates social behavior in frontotemporal dementia   pp1381 - 1383 Andrew E Arrant and Erik D Roberson doi:10.1038/nm.3768 Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes social dysfunction and other symptoms. A new study suggests that social dysfunction in FTD is due to decreased microRNA-124 expression and resulting changes in glutamate receptor composition in the prefrontal cortex. See also: Article by Gascon et al. Antiangiogenic VEGF-A in peripheral artery disease   pp1383 - 1385 Joshua M Boucher and Victoria L Bautch doi:10.1038/nm.3767 Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a potent proangiogenic cytokine elevated in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). A new study links impaired vascular regrowth in PAD to increased expression of an antiangiogenic splice variant of VEGF-A. See also: Letter by Kikuchi et al. Nature Medicine JOBS of the week Virology Faculty Position University of California, Riverside Postdoctoral Researcher John Innes Centre (JIC) Postdoctoral Research Associate University of Virginia IRC172573 Post-doc BBSRC-DBT Grant The Pirbright Institute More Science jobs from Nature Medicine EVENT 8th International Meeting on Steroids and Nervous system 14.02.15 Orbassano, Italy More science events from Perspective Top An emerging consensus on cardiac regeneration   pp1386 - 1393 Jop H van Berlo and Jeffery D Molkentin doi:10.1038/nm.3764 Understanding the regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart and the cell types involved is essential for developing therapies for cardiac repair. Brief Communications Top Pharmacologic inhibition of histone demethylation as a therapy for pediatric brainstem glioma   pp1394 - 1396 Rintaro Hashizume, Noemi Andor, Yuichiro Ihara, Robin Lerner, Haiyun Gan et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3716 Hashizume et al. report a new therapeutic strategy for treating pediatric gliomas with mutations in the H3F3A gene by inhibiting histone demethylation. See also: News and Views by Ramaswamy et al. Targeting α4β7 integrin reduces mucosal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus and protects gut-associated lymphoid tissue from infection   pp1397 - 1400 Siddappa N Byrareddy, Brianne Kallam, James Arthos, Claudia Cicala, Fatima Nawaz et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3715 Aftab Ansari and his colleagues show that antibody-mediated masking of α4β7 integrin impedes intravaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus in macaques. Articles Top Disruption of the PRKCD-FBXO25-HAX-1 axis attenuates the apoptotic response and drives lymphomagenesis   pp1401 - 1409 Ursula Baumann, Vanesa Fernandez-Saiz, Martina Rudelius, Simone Lemeer, Roland Rad et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3740 The authors delineate a new pathway that regulates apoptosis, involving the known proapoptotic kinase PKCD, as well as the ubiquitin ligase Fbox protein FBXO25 and the mitochondrial antiapoptotic factor HAX-1, and report its alteration during lymphomagenesis. Autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome in humans with CTLA4 mutations   pp1410 - 1416 Desiree Schubert, Claudia Bode, Rupert Kenefeck, Tie Zheng Hou, James B Wing et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3746 Mutations in the costimulatory molecule CTLA-4 in six families are associated with immune dysregulation. Glycemic control in diabetes is restored by therapeutic manipulation of cytokines that regulate beta cell stress   pp1417 - 1426 Sumaira Z Hasnain, Danielle J Borg, Brooke E Harcourt, Hui Tong, Yonghua H Sheng et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3705 A new study reveals the identity of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that influence beta cell stress and thus glucose tolerance. See also: News and Views by Dalmas & Donath Chronic enrichment of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity   pp1427 - 1435 Ana Paula Arruda, Benedicte M Pers, Gunes Parlakgul, Ekin Guney, Karen Inouye et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3735 Obesity-induced mitochondria stress and dysfunction results from disorganized mitochondria-associated ER membranes and excess calcium flux. The brown fat-enriched secreted factor Nrg4 preserves metabolic homeostasis through attenuation of hepatic lipogenesis   pp1436 - 1443 Guo-Xiao Wang, Xu-Yun Zhao, Zhuo-Xian Meng, Matthias Kern, Arne Dietrich et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3713 The brown fat-derived neuregulin 4 regulates hepatic lipid homeostasis and whole-body insulin sensitivity Alterations in microRNA-124 and AMPA receptors contribute to social behavioral deficits in frontotemporal dementia   pp1444 - 1451 Eduardo Gascon, Kelleen Lynch, Hongyu Ruan, Sandra Almeida, Jamie M Verheyden et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3717 A new mouse model of frontotemporal dementia is described in which the mice show miR-124- and AMPA receptor-mediated social behavioral deficits. See also: News and Views by Arrant & Roberson Letters Top A rare mutation in UNC5C predisposes to late-onset Alzheimer's disease and increases neuronal cell death   pp1452 - 1457 Monica K Wetzel-Smith, Julie Hunkapiller, Tushar R Bhangale, Karpagam Srinivasan, Janice A Maloney et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3736 Mutations in UNC5C are identified in individuals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease and increase susceptibility of neurons to cell death. Immune complexes stimulate CCR7-dependent dendritic cell migration to lymph nodes   pp1458 - 1463 Menna R Clatworthy, Caren E Petrie Aronin, Rebeccah J Mathews, Nicole Y Morgan, Kenneth G C Smith et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3709 Immune complexes from mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus and from humans with the disease promote dendritic cell migration in vivo. An antiangiogenic isoform of VEGF-A contributes to impaired vascularization in peripheral artery disease   pp1464 - 1471 Ryosuke Kikuchi, Kazuto Nakamura, Susan MacLauchlan, Doan Thi-Minh Ngo, Ippei Shimizu et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3703 Alternative splicing of the gene encoding VEGF-A under ischemic conditions generates an antiangiogenic isoform of the protein that impairs revascularization under conditions of metabolic dysfunction in mice, and this isoform is found at elevated levels in patients with peripheral artery disease. See also: News and Views by Boucher & Bautch Analysis Top Age-related mutations associated with clonal hematopoietic expansion and malignancies   pp1472 - 1478 Mingchao Xie, Charles Lu, Jiayin Wang, Michael D McLellan, Kimberly J Johnson et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3733 Systematic analysis of cancer-associated mutations in the blood cells of healthy individuals. Technical Reports Top Anchored multiplex PCR for targeted next-generation sequencing   pp1479 - 1484 Zongli Zheng, Matthew Liebers, Boryana Zhelyazkova, Yi Cao, Divya Panditi et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3729 Scalable and rapid target enrichment method for next-generation sequencing of clinical-grade, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cancer samples. Longitudinal PET-MRI reveals β-amyloid deposition and rCBF dynamics and connects vascular amyloidosis to quantitative loss of perfusion   pp1485 - 1492 Florian C Maier, Hans F Wehrl, Andreas M Schmid, Julia G Mannheim, Stefan Wiehr et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3734 Longitudinal PET-MRI study on the dynamics of β-amyloid deposition and regional cerebral blood flow in the Alzheimer's disease mouse brain. Top Advertisement Announcing the Nature Index: A global indicator of high-quality research The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. Access the Nature Index free online.   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant) For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices: London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. © 2014 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.