Nature Immunology Contents: January 2015 Volume 16 pp 1 - 128

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TABLE OF CONTENTS January 2015 Volume 16, Issue 1 Focus Meeting Report News and Views Research Highlights Editorial Reviews Research Highlights Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement FOCUS on: Immunology of the lung A series of Reviews and an animation specially commissioned by Nature Immunology explore the immunology of the lungs. Access is available free online for six months.  Produced with support from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson     Focus Top Focus on TCR Signaling Contents Editorial Reviews Research Highlights Sponsor Animation The lungs are usually the first site of exposure to pathogens. To counter this imminent threat, the lungs have their own large and complex system of cells of the immune system. A series of five Reviews specially commissioned by Nature Immunology discusses all key aspects of lung immunology. In collaboration with Arkitek Studios, Nature Immunology has also produced an animation that delineates the complexities of the lung immune system in health and disease. Produced with support from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson Animation by Arkitek studios Meeting Report Top The brave new world of innate lymphoid cells   pp1 - 5 Gerard Eberl, James P Di Santo and Eric Vivier doi:10.1038/ni.3059 Researchers gathered in Paris at the first European Molecular Biology Organization conference devoted to innate lymphoid cells and discussed recent advances to further understanding of the development, regulation and function of these intriguing cells. News and Views Top Stop the executioners   pp6 - 8 Andreas Wack doi:10.1038/ni.3055 Virus-triggered type I interferon induces the lysine methyltransferase Setdb2; this then generates repressive histone marks on the promoters of genes encoding molecules important for antibacterial immunity. This process can contribute to influenza virus-associated bacterial superinfection. See also: Article by Schliehe et al. A surprising role for TLR7   pp8 - 9 Michael M Lederman doi:10.1038/ni.3051 Ligation of the Toll-like receptor TLR7 in human CD4+ T cells elicits an anergic state that may contribute to CD4+ T cell hyporesponsiveness after infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and may also enhance propagation of this virus. See also: Article by Dominguez-Villar et al. The subtle hands of self-reactivity in peripheral T cells   pp10 - 11 Adriana M Mujal and Matthew Krummel doi:10.1038/ni.3060 T cells with increased self-reactivity and marked by high expression of the negative regulator CD5 differ in gene-expression patterns and are poised for greater bursts of proliferation when they encounter foreign antigens. See also: Article by Fulton et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Masters (M.Sc.) in Immunology Trinity College Dublin Postdoc in Immunology Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) Postdoctoral Fellow, Immunology Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin Immunology Post-doctoral Positions The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Microbiology Faculty Positions in Immunology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT AAI Advanced Course in Immunology 2nd - 7th August 2015 Boston, USA More science events from Research Highlights Top Too much of a good thing | Signals for HSC emergence | Treg cells' peripheral helpers | A nonspecific boost | Distinct tumor APCs | Drivers of Breg cells Editorial Top Focus on Immunology of the lung The lungs at the frontlines of immunity   p17 doi:10.1038/ni.3069 Reviews Top Focus on Immunology of the lung Antiviral B cell and T cell immunity in the lungs   pp18 - 26 Christopher Chiu and Peter J Openshaw doi:10.1038/ni.3056 The lungs are the main site of entry for most viral pathogens. In this Focus Review, Chiu and Openshaw discuss adaptive immune responses to lung-tropic viruses and implications for vaccine development. Focus on Immunology of the lung Respiratory epithelial cells orchestrate pulmonary innate immunity   pp27 - 35 Jeffrey A Whitsett and Theresa Alenghat doi:10.1038/ni.3045 Much of the research on lung immunology has concentrated on classic hematopoietically derived cells of the immune system. In this Focus Review, Alenghat and Whitsett discuss the key innate immunological functions of the respiratory epithelium. Focus on Immunology of the lung The development and function of lung-resident macrophages and dendritic cells   pp36 - 44 Manfred Kopf, Christoph Schneider and Samuel P Nobs doi:10.1038/ni.3052 The lungs hosts their own unique populations of macrophages and dendritic cells. In this Focus Review, Kopf, Schneider and Nobs discuss the development and maintenance of these populations in the lungs. Focus on Immunology of the lung The immunology of asthma   pp45 - 56 Bart N Lambrecht and Hamida Hammad doi:10.1038/ni.3049 Asthma is typically thought to be a consequence of overreactive type II responses. In this Focus Review, Lambrecht and Hammad discuss the latest thinking on the etiology of asthma and the importance of alternative mechanisms such as ILC2, TH9 and TH17 cells. Focus on Immunology of the lung The balance between protective and pathogenic immune responses in the TB-infected lung   pp57 - 63 Ian M Orme, Richard T Robinson and Andrea M Cooper doi:10.1038/ni.3048 Mycobacterial tuberculosis remains a disease of major importance. In this Focus Review, Orme, Robinson and Cooper discuss lung immune responses to mycobacteria and describe how the bacterium can manipulate host immunity to its own ends. Research Highlights Top Focus on Immunology of the lung Specific help for TRM cells | From lung to gut | Alveolar macrophages in asthma | Dampening TH1 cells by Mycobacteria | Rhinoviruses induce IL-25 | Scavenger receptor B1 in lung immunity Articles Top The methyltransferase Setdb2 mediates virus-induced susceptibility to bacterial superinfection   pp67 - 74 Christopher Schliehe, Elizabeth K Flynn, Bojan Vilagos, Udochuku Richson, Savitha Swaminathan et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3046 Infection with influenza virus can result in bacterial superinfection, but the mechanisms underlying this process are unclear. Bergthaler and colleagues demonstrate that influenza virus upregulates the methyltransferase Setdb2, which attenuates select proinflammatory gene expression and heightens susceptibility to bacterial infection. See also: News and Views by Wack The CLEC-2-podoplanin axis controls the contractility of fibroblastic reticular cells and lymph node microarchitecture   pp75 - 84 Jillian L Astarita, Viviana Cremasco, Jianxin Fu, Max C Darnell, James R Peck et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3035 Lymph nodes expand after an inflammatory challenge to accommodate their increased cellularity. Turley and colleagues show that fibroblastic reticular cells regulate this expansion process through the interaction of podoplanin with its receptor CLEC-2 expressed on incoming dendritic cells. Regulatory iNKT cells lack expression of the transcription factor PLZF and control the homeostasis of Treg cells and macrophages in adipose tissue   pp85 - 95 Lydia Lynch, Xavier Michelet, Sai Zhang, Patrick J Brennan, Ashley Moseman et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3047 iNKT cells in adipose tissue are anti-inflammatory. Brenner and colleagues show that adipose iNKT cells have a unique transcriptional program, produce IL-2 and IL-10 and lack expression of the transcription factor PLZF. A p85α-osteopontin axis couples the receptor ICOS to sustained Bcl-6 expression by follicular helper and regulatory T cells   pp96 - 106 Jianmei W Leavenworth, Bert Verbinnen, Jie Yin, Huicong Huang and Harvey Cantor doi:10.1038/ni.3050 Follicular helper and follicular regulatory T cells require the transcription factor Bcl-6 for differentiation. Cantor and colleagues show that intracellular osteopontin protects Bcl-6 from degradation downstream of signaling via the receptor ICOS in both subsets of T cells. The TCR's sensitivity to self peptide-MHC dictates the ability of naive CD8+ T cells to respond to foreign antigens   pp107 - 117 Ross B Fulton, Sara E Hamilton, Yan Xing, J Adam Best, Ananda W Goldrath et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3043 Thymic selection produces a diverse T cell repertoire. Jameson and colleagues demonstrate intrinsic differences in the ability of naive CD8+ T cells to respond to foreign antigen, such that cells with higher self-reactivity dominate the immune response. See also: News and Views by Mujal & Krummel TLR7 induces anergy in human CD4+ T cells   pp118 - 128 Margarita Dominguez-Villar, Anne-Sophie Gautron, Marine de Marcken, Marla J Keller and David A Hafler doi:10.1038/ni.3036 The role of TLRs in CD4+ T cells is poorly understood. Hafler and colleagues demonstrate that ligation of TLR7 initiates an anergic program in CD4+ T cells and might have implications for HIV infection. See also: News and Views by Lederman   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. 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