Nature Reviews Neuroscience contents May 2013 Volume 14 Number 5 pp 305-376

TABLE OF CONTENTS
May 2013 Volume 14 Number 5
Impact Factor 30.455 *	In this issue Research Highlights Reviews Analysis Also this month  Featured article: Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience Katherine S. Button, John P. A. Ioannidis, Claire Mokrysz, Brian A. Nosek, Jonathan Flint, Emma S. J. Robinson & Marcus R. Munafó
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Neuronal circuits: Piecing together anxiety p305 | doi:10.1038/nrn3500 Functionally opposing local neural circuits in subregions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis influence the expression of the anxious state. PDF Plasticity: The benefits of a novel environment p306 | doi:10.1038/nrn3485 Environmental enrichment lessens the deleterious effects of amyloid-β oligomers on hippocampal plasticity. PDF Learning and memory: Remembrance of things similar... p306 | doi:10.1038/nrn3487 In a new study, Deng et al. use an elegant technique to clarify how the dentate gyrus distinguishes among similar memories by activating distinct populations of granule cells. PDF Addiction: Craving: a core issue p307 | doi:10.1038/nrn3483 Cue-induced relapse of cocaine taking in rats is associated with fast and transient synaptic potentiation in the nucleus accumbens core. PDF Neurodegenerative disease: Hunting out the NUB1 of the matter p308 | doi:10.1038/nrn3493 Negative regulator of ubiquitin-like protein 1 (NUB1) regulates the clearance of mutant huntingtin and could represent a new entry point for therapeutics for Huntington's disease. PDF Neural induction: Switching on new neurons p308 | doi:10.1038/nrn3495 New work shows that using viral vectors to introduce neural conversion genes can cause fibroblasts and astrocytes to turn into neurons in vivo. PDF Visual processing: Eye-opening reorganization p309 | doi:10.1038/nrn3501 In the primary visual cortex in mice, stimulus feature-selective neocortical microcircuits exist before eye opening, but preferential local connectivity between neurons responding to similar stimulus features does not develop until the onset of vision. PDF IN BRIEF Attention: Attention all neurons... | Sleep: Count backwards from ten... | Decision making: Malice aforethought? | Pain: A phantom experience | Cortical physiology: Studying waves up close | Addiction: Turning down drug-seeking | Neurodegenerative disease: Oligodendrocyte loss in ALS | Synaptic physiology: Phosphoinositides at the synapse PDF Neuroscience JOBS of the week Neuroscientist Georgetown University Medical Center Marie Curie funded PhD Fellowship - Neurobiology - Imaging Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany Professor of Circuits and Systems Neuroinformatics ETH Zurich More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT Summer Program in Neuroscience, Ethics & Survival 06.22.13 Woods Hole, US More science events from
REVIEWS		Top
Emerging roles of astrocytes in neural circuit development Laura E. Clarke & Ben A. Barres p311 | doi:10.1038/nrn3484 One of the roles of astrocytes in the brain is to regulate the formation, maturation, function and elimination of synapses and thereby to support the formation of appropriate neural circuits. Clarke and Barres review our current understanding of these vital processes and highlight unanswered questions for future research. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Imaging structural co-variance between human brain regions Aaron Alexander-Bloch, Jay N. Giedd & Ed Bullmore p322 | doi:10.1038/nrn3465 Inter-individual differences in the thickness or volume of a brain region often co-vary with inter-individual differences in other brain regions. Alexander-Bloch, Giedd and Bullmore discuss this phenomenon of structural co-variance, its underlying mechanisms and its potential value in the understanding of various brain disorders. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Mechanisms of epileptogenesis: a convergence on neural circuit dysfunction Ethan M. Goldberg & Douglas A. Coulter p337 | doi:10.1038/nrn3482 Many findings in recent years have shed light on the process of epileptogenesis, whereby the brain becomes predisposed to seizures, but this process is still not well understood. Goldberg and Coulter review several important themes in this research and conclude that they point towards a circuit-level explanation of epileptogenesis. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Top-down influences on visual processing Charles D. Gilbert & Wu Li p350 | doi:10.1038/nrn3476 Vision is an active process. Higher-order cognitive influences, including attention, expectation and perceptual task, as well as motor signals, are fed into the sensory apparatus. This enables neurons to dynamically tune their receptive field properties to carry information that is relevant for executing the current behavioural tasks. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
ANALYSIS		Top
Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience Katherine S. Button, John P. A. Ioannidis, Claire Mokrysz, Brian A. Nosek, Jonathan Flint, Emma S. J. Robinson & Marcus R. Munafó p365 | doi:10.1038/nrn3475 Low-powered studies lead to overestimates of effect size and low reproducibility of results. In this Analysis article, Munafó and colleagues show that the average statistical power of studies in the neurosciences is very low, discuss ethical implications of low-powered studies and provide recommendations to improve research practices. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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