Nature Materials contents: April 2013 Volume 12 Number 4 pp 277-376

Advertisement How to maximise nanopatterning performance of your FIB-SEM? Visit Raith and learn how ELPHY MultiBeam's FLEXposure™ patterning modes improve FIB-SEM lithography. TABLE OF CONTENTS April 2013 Volume 12, Issue 4 Editorial Commentary Research Highlights News and Views Letters Articles Corrigendum Advertisement Simplify Polymer Analysis with Non-destructive analysis of any sample size and shape Whether you develop and manufacture new polymers, fabricate polymer components, or use polymers in your own products, Agilent has the perfect tools for you. View webinar, videos and application compendium and learn more about our comprehensive portfolio of polymer solutions. Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Subscribe to Nature Materials today! For all that matters in materials science and technology you can rely on Nature Materials. Subscribeonline today.   Editorial Top Great expectations   p277 doi:10.1038/nmat3613 The decision by the European Council to lower the expenditure ceiling for the next seven-year framework programme comes during a time of great debate on the distribution of research funding. The selection of two flagship projects that will each receive €500 million over the next decade raises further questions. Commentary Top Similar nonlinear mechanical responses in hard and soft materials   pp278 - 281 Kurt M. Schmoller and Andreas R. Bausch doi:10.1038/nmat3603 A comparison of the mechanical responses of (bio)polymer networks and shape-memory alloys to cyclic loading reveals strong phenomenological similarities resulting from strain-induced structural changes. Research Highlights Top Auger cools down | Cellular logic and memory | Pristine polymers | Polarizing europium | Plasmon radiance News and Views Top Ultrafast magnetism: Down to the nanometre scale   pp283 - 284 Jean-Yves Bigot doi:10.1038/nmat3605 The rich dynamics of magnetic materials subject to very short laser pulses is important for both information processing and recording technology. The characterization of these phenomena with nanoscale spatial resolution shines new light on our understanding of them. See also: Letter by Graves et al. Crystal nucleation: More than one pathway   pp284 - 285 Jim De Yoreo doi:10.1038/nmat3604 A predictive theoretical framework that incorporates both classical and non-classical crystal-nucleation pathways explains the observed rapid aggregation of metastable clusters in the nucleation process of minerals. See also: Letter by Baumgartner et al. Bioimaging: Illuminating the deep   pp285 - 287 Kyryl Zagorovsky and Warren C. W. Chan doi:10.1038/nmat3608 Three-photon imaging enables deeper tissue penetration in vivo, however, a lack of imaging probes has restricted its use. Now, this problem has been overcome by engineering non-toxic manganese-doped quantum dots. See also: Article by Yu et al. Granular materials: Highly evolved grains   pp287 - 288 Corey S. O'Hern and Mark D. Shattuck doi:10.1038/nmat3609 By efficiently exploring the huge variety of possible grain shapes, computer algorithms that mimic evolution make possible the design of grains that pack into configurations with the desired mechanical or structural properties. See also: Letter by Miskin & Jaeger Material witness: When water doesn't wet   p289 Philip Ball doi:10.1038/nmat3611 Nanostructured alloys: Large tensile elongation   pp289 - 291 Ruslan Z. Valiev doi:10.1038/nmat3612 A nanostructuring processing route that leads to submicrometre grains and nanometric oxide particles uniformly distributed within the grains' interior is used to fabricate molybdenum alloys that have both exceptional high strength and ductility at room temperature. See also: Article by Liu et al. Wetting: Intrinsically robust hydrophobicity   pp291 - 292 Ye Tian and Lei Jiang doi:10.1038/nmat3610 Ceramic surfaces can be rendered hydrophobic by using polymeric modifiers, but these are not robust to harsh environments. A known family of rare-earth oxide ceramics is now found to exhibit intrinsic hydrophobicity, even after exposure to high temperatures and abrasive wear. See also: Letter by Azimi et al. Nature Materials JOBS of the week Spatio-temporal Immunity in Human Intestinal Epithelium Cells University of Heidelberg Postdoctoral Research Scientist Taeghwan Hyeon Instructor / Physician Assistant Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) Postdoctoral Research Associate Univesity of Arizona Laser Specialist (PhD) Xelvin Zuid B.V. More Science jobs from Nature Materials EVENT International conference on photorefractive effects, materials and devices 09.07.13 Winchester, UK More science events from Letters Top Nanoscale spin reversal by non-local angular momentum transfer following ultrafast laser excitation in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo   pp293 - 298 C. E. Graves, A. H. Reid, T. Wang, B. Wu, S. de Jong, K. Vahaplar, I. Radu, D. P. Bernstein, M. Messerschmidt, L. Müller, R. Coffee, M. Bionta, S. W. Epp, R. Hartmann, N. Kimmel, G. Hauser, A. Hartmann, P. Holl, H. Gorke, J. H. Mentink, A. Tsukamoto, A. Fognini, J. J. Turner, W. F. Schlotter, D. Rolles, H. Soltau, L. Strüder, Y. Acremann, A. V. Kimel, A. Kirilyuk, Th. Rasing, J. Stöhr, A. O. Scherz and H. A. Dürr doi:10.1038/nmat3597 The dynamics of thin magnetic films revealed by ultrafast laser techniques cannot be explained by standard equilibrium descriptions. Diffraction experiments using an X-ray laser now allow the spin dynamics of the separate magnetic constituents of ferromagnetic GdFeCo alloys to be spatially resolved. See also: News and Views by Bigot Domain wall depinning governed by the spin Hall effect   pp299 - 303 P. P. J. Haazen, E. Murè, J. H. Franken, R. Lavrijsen, H. J. M. Swagten and B. Koopmans doi:10.1038/nmat3553 The control and manipulation of domain walls in perpendicularly magnetized nanowires by means of an electric current has gained attention for possible device applications. Now, the depinning of domain walls in Pt/Co/Pt nanowires is shown to be driven by the spin Hall effect. Singular phase nano-optics in plasmonic metamaterials for label-free single-molecule detection   pp304 - 309 V. G. Kravets, F. Schedin, R. Jalil, L. Britnell, R. V. Gorbachev, D. Ansell, B. Thackray, K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, A. V. Kabashin and A. N. Grigorenko doi:10.1038/nmat3537 A suitably engineered plasmonic metamaterial featuring topologically protected sharp phase variations close to a zero-reflection point of incident lightwaves has now been demonstrated. Exploiting the high sensitivity of the abrupt phase changes, and by using reversible hydrogenation of graphene and binding of streptavidin–biotin, the detection of individual biomolecules and an areal mass sensitivity of the order of fg mm−2 is reported. Nucleation and growth of magnetite from solution   pp310 - 314 Jens Baumgartner, Archan Dey, Paul H. H. Bomans, Cécile Le Coadou, Peter Fratzl, Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk and Damien Faivre doi:10.1038/nmat3558 The crystallization of many minerals from solution has been shown to involve disordered precursors that agglomerate into an amorphous intermediate phase, a pathway that seems to contradict classical nucleation theory. It is now found that the crystallization of magnetite—a magnetic iron oxide with many bio- and nanotechnological applications—occurs classically from the accretion of precursors in the absence of amorphous intermediates. See also: News and Views by De Yoreo Hydrophobicity of rare-earth oxide ceramics   pp315 - 320 Gisele Azimi, Rajeev Dhiman, Hyuk-Min Kwon, Adam T. Paxson and Kripa K. Varanasi doi:10.1038/nmat3545 Metallic and ceramic surfaces can be rendered hydrophobic through a combination of multiscale surface structures and polymeric modifiers, but the imparted hydrophobicity is not robust to harsh environments. It is now shown that the lanthanide oxide series—a class of ceramics—is intrinsically hydrophobic as a result of their unique electronic structure, even after exposure to high temperatures and abrasive wear. See also: News and Views by Tian & Jiang Multifunctionality and control of the crumpling and unfolding of large-area graphene   pp321 - 325 Jianfeng Zang, Seunghwa Ryu, Nicola Pugno, Qiming Wang, Qing Tu, Markus J. Buehler and Xuanhe Zhao doi:10.1038/nmat3542 It is shown that by controlling the relaxation of graphene adhered on a biaxially pre-stretched polymer substrate, graphene films can be reversibly crumpled and unfolded to form tailored hierarchical structures with tunable wettability and transmittance, and that the crumpled graphene–polymer laminates can be used as actuators. Adapting granular materials through artificial evolution   pp326 - 331 Marc Z. Miskin and Heinrich M. Jaeger doi:10.1038/nmat3543 How the shape of jammed particle packings influences their mechanical response is unknown except for specific cases. An algorithm that mutates the shapes of packings of bonded identical spheres to optimize the packing’s mechanical performance, and the experimental testing of the optimized shapes through three-dimensional printing, are now reported. See also: News and Views by O'Hern & Shattuck Articles Top Ultrafast spin transport as key to femtosecond demagnetization   pp332 - 336 A. Eschenlohr, M. Battiato, P. Maldonado, N. Pontius, T. Kachel, K. Holldack, R. Mitzner, A. Föhlisch, P. M. Oppeneer and C. Stamm doi:10.1038/nmat3546 The ultrafast dynamic phenomena associated with thin magnetic films irradiated by a laser pulse have been proposed to occur through a process involving spin transport. The observation that this is also the case when the films are covered by a non-magnetic capping layer provides compelling evidence in favour of this scenario. Site- and orbital-dependent charge donation and spin manipulation in electron-doped metal phthalocyanines   pp337 - 343 Cornelius Krull, Roberto Robles, Aitor Mugarza and Pietro Gambardella doi:10.1038/nmat3547 Controlling the charge and spin states of single molecular complexes at metal interfaces is a challenging task. Scanning tunnelling microscopy experiments now show that doping metal phthalocyanines with alkali ions is an effective way to achieve this. Nanostructured high-strength molybdenum alloys with unprecedented tensile ductility   pp344 - 350 G. Liu, G. J. Zhang, F. Jiang, X. D. Ding, Y. J. Sun, J. Sun and E. Ma doi:10.1038/nmat3544 Although molybdenum alloys — often used in turbines and fusion reactors — can be easily hardened, they suffer from low ductility and toughness. Now, a nanostructuring processing route that leads to a microstructure consisting of submicrometre grains with nanometric oxide particles uniformly distributed in the grain interior achieves high-strength molybdenum alloys with large tensile elongation at room temperature. See also: News and Views by Valiev Exploring electrolyte organization in supercapacitor electrodes with solid-state NMR   pp351 - 358 Michaël Deschamps, Edouard Gilbert, Philippe Azais, Encarnación Raymundo-Piñero, Mohammed Ramzi Ammar, Patrick Simon, Dominique Massiot and François Béguin doi:10.1038/nmat3567 Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy-storage devices that take advantage of electrostatic interactions between high-surface-area nanoporous electrodes and electrolyte ions. Molecular mechanisms at work inside supercapacitor carbon electrodes are now clarified with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. High-resolution three-photon biomedical imaging using doped ZnS nanocrystals   pp359 - 366 Jung Ho Yu, Seung-Hae Kwon, Zdeněk Petrášek, Ok Kyu Park, Samuel Woojoo Jun, Kwangsoo Shin, Moonkee Choi, Yong Il Park, Kyeongsoon Park, Hyon Bin Na, Nohyun Lee, Dong Won Lee, Jeong Hyun Kim, Petra Schwille and Taeghwan Hyeon doi:10.1038/nmat3565 The application of three-photon excitation to biomedical imaging is demonstrated by combining the three-photon excitation properties of ZnS nanocrystals and the visible emission from Mn2+ dopants. The biocompatible, doped nanocrystals are used for high-resolution cellular imaging and in vivo tumour-targeting imaging under non-invasive conditions. See also: News and Views by Zagorovsky & Chan Polymer multilayer tattooing for enhanced DNA vaccination   pp367 - 376 Peter C. DeMuth, Younjin Min, Bonnie Huang, Joshua A. Kramer, Andrew D. Miller, Dan H. Barouch, Paula T. Hammond and Darrell J. Irvine doi:10.1038/nmat3550 Microneedle arrays coated with a pH-sensitive releasable layer act as an intradermal delivery system for polyelectrolyte films containing bioactive molecules for DNA vaccination. The implanted films co-deliver DNA, transfection agents and adjuvants, promoting local transfection and generating immune responses that can be tuned from days to weeks. Corrigendum Top Surface-structure-regulated cell-membrane penetration by monolayer-protected nanoparticles   p376 Ayush Verma, Oktay Uzun, Yuhua Hu, Ying Hu, Hee-Sun Han, Nicki Watson, Suelin Chen, Darrell J. Irvine and Francesco Stellacci doi:10.1038/nmat3593 Top Advertisement Want access to the best research in materials science and technology? Nature Materials provides cutting-edge research across the entire spectrum of materials science and technology. Recommend Nature Materials to your library using our library recommendation form.   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant) For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices: London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. © 2013 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.