Nature Geoscience contents: February 2013 Volume 6 Number 2 pp77-152

TABLE OF CONTENTS February 2013 Volume 6, Issue 2 Editorials Correspondence Commentary In the press Research Highlights News and Views Letters Articles Erratum Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement GEOMICROBIOLOGY FROM THE ISME JOURNAL Manganese Uptake Systems In Marine Bacteria RT Green et al ¦ doi: 10.1038/ismej.2012.140 Carbon cycling in deep-sea sediments DJ Mayor et al ¦ doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.14   Editorials Top Communication at risk   p77 doi:10.1038/ngeo1728 The L'Aquila earthquake trial tragically highlights that risk communication is integral to Earth science training. Expanding spheres of interest   p77 doi:10.1038/ngeo1729 Extrasolar planet research is booming. We welcome submissions with links to the geosciences. See also: Commentary by Pierrehumbert Correspondence Top Caprock corrosion   pp79 - 80 P. J. Armitage, D. R. Faulkner & R. H. Worden doi:10.1038/ngeo1716 Commentary Top Strange news from other stars   pp81 - 83 Raymond T. Pierrehumbert doi:10.1038/ngeo1711 The dawn of exoplanet discovery has unearthed a rich tapestry of planets different from anything encountered in the Solar System. Geoscientists can and should be in the vanguard of investigating what is out there in the Universe. See also: Editorial In the press Top Soil or sea for ancient fossils?   p84 Nicola Jones doi:10.1038/ngeo1713 Research Highlights Top Geodynamics: Dense mountain roots | Palaeoceanography: Sea level trigger | Planetary science: Ridged terrain | Climate science: Shifting storm tracks News and Views Top Palaeoclimate: Weathering away warmth   pp86 - 87 Brian A. Haley doi:10.1038/ngeo1714 At the end of the Eocene epoch, permanent ice cover developed over Antarctica as the Earth began to cool from greenhouse warmth. Sediment records off the Antarctic coast show spikes in weathering rate at the onset of ice growth that may indicate synchronous consumption of atmospheric carbon dioxide. See also: Letter by Basak & Martin Climate science: The heat is on in Antarctica   pp87 - 88 Eric J. Steig & Anais J. Orsi doi:10.1038/ngeo1717 The Antarctic Peninsula has long been thought to be the only part of Antarctica that has warmed in recent decades. Careful detective work confirms that West Antarctica is also warming rapidly. See also: Article by Bromwich et al. Deep Earth: Core–mantle boundary landscapes   pp89 - 90 Sebastian Rost doi:10.1038/ngeo1715 The molten-iron alloy of the core meets the mantle's silicate rock at Earth's core–mantle boundary. Seismological images reveal hummocks of iron-enriched material above the boundary, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of the mantle. Cryosphere: Interglacial ice sheet survival   p90 Alicia Newton doi:10.1038/ngeo1721 Palaeoclimate: Asian connections   pp91 - 92 Carrie Morrill doi:10.1038/ngeo1718 About 8,200 years ago, the overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean slowed and the Northern Hemisphere cooled. A speleothem record from China reveals a period of drying that occurred almost simultaneously with the cooling recorded by the Greenland ice cores. See also: Letter by Liu et al. Geoscience JOBS of the week Professor of Deep Geothermal Energy and Geological Reservoirs ETH Zurich PhD in Ecology and Evolution University of Exeter California Climate Scientist Union of Concerned Scientists Associate Professor Positions in the Area of Water Research and Wetland Ecology Beijing Forestry University, China Tenure Track Faculty Position in Petroleum Geology Memorial University of Newfoundland More Science jobs from Geoscience EVENT 13th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference & EXPO SGEM2013 16.-22.06.13 Albena, Bulgaria More science events from Letters Top Solid-state plastic deformation in the dynamic interior of a differentiated asteroid   pp93 - 97 B. J. Tkalcec, G. J. Golabek & F. E. Brenker doi:10.1038/ngeo1710 Diogenite meteorites are thought to represent mantle rocks that formed as cumulates in magma chambers on 4 Vesta or a similar differentiated asteroid. Microstructural analysis of olivine grains from a diogenite meteorite show that the preferred orientation of their crystal lattice was formed through plastic deformation, indicating dynamic, planet-like processes in its parent body. Enhanced seasonal forecast skill following stratospheric sudden warmings   pp98 - 102 M. Sigmond, J. F. Scinocca, V. V. Kharin & T. G. Shepherd doi:10.1038/ngeo1698 Advances in seasonal forecasting have brought widespread socio-economic benefits. A modelling study suggests that tropospheric forecast skill is enhanced when the forecast model is initialized at the onset of a stratospheric sudden warming event. Hotspots of anaerobic ammonium oxidation at land-freshwater interfaces   pp103 - 107 Guibing Zhu, Shanyun Wang, Weidong Wang, Yu Wang, Leiliu Zhou, Bo Jiang, Huub J. M. Op den Camp, Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Lorenz Schwark, Yongzhen Peng, Mariet M. Hefting, Mike S. M. Jetten & Chengqing Yin doi:10.1038/ngeo1683 Anammox, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, accounts for over 50% of nitrogen loss in marine ecosystems. A field study in north China reveals hotspots of anammox activity in sediments sampled from land–lake interfaces. Atmospheric iodine levels influenced by sea surface emissions of inorganic iodine   pp108 - 111 Lucy J. Carpenter, Samantha M. MacDonald, Marvin D. Shaw, Ravi Kumar, Russell W. Saunders, Rajendran Parthipan, Julie Wilson & John M. C. Plane doi:10.1038/ngeo1687 Naturally occurring bromine- and iodine-containing compounds substantially reduce regional, and possibly global, tropospheric ozone levels. Experimental and model results suggest that the reaction of ozone with iodide could account for around 75% of observed iodine oxide levels over the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Sea surface temperature in the north tropical Atlantic as a trigger for El Niño/Southern Oscillation events   pp112 - 116 Yoo-Geun Ham, Jong-Seong Kug, Jong-Yeon Park and Fei-Fei Jin doi:10.1038/ngeo1686 The El Niño/Southern Oscillation in the Pacific Ocean influences temperature in other tropical ocean basins. Reanalysis data and model simulations suggest that temperature anomalies in the north tropical Atlantic may also influence the development of La Niña events. Links between the East Asian monsoon and North Atlantic climate during the 8,200 year event   pp117 - 120 Y-H. Liu, G. M. Henderson, C-Y. Hu, A. J. Mason, N. Charnley, K. R. Johnson & S-C. Xie doi:10.1038/ngeo1708 A period of cooling in the North Atlantic region 8,200 years ago affected climate throughout the Northern Hemisphere. A speleothem record from central China indicates that a dry period lasting 150 years was associated with the 8,200 year event. See also: News and Views by Morrill Antarctic weathering and carbonate compensation at the Eocene–Oligocene transition   pp121 - 124 Chandranath Basak & Ellen E. Martin doi:10.1038/ngeo1707 During the Eocene–Oligocene transition, a permanent ice sheet was established on Antarctica. Marine sediment geochemistry indicates a period of intense weathering associated with the inception of the ice sheet. See also: News and Views by Haley Bioavailability of zinc in marine systems through time   pp125 - 128 Clint Scott, Noah J. Planavsky, Chris L. Dupont, Brian Kendall, Benjamin C. Gill, Leslie J. Robbins, Kathryn F. Husband, Gail L. Arnold, Boswell A. Wing, Simon W. Poulton, Andrey Bekker, Ariel D. Anbar, Kurt O. Konhauser & Timothy W. Lyons doi:10.1038/ngeo1679 Zinc is a marine nutrient that may have been limited in the early oceans. Estimates of marine zinc availability through time suggest that values were instead near-modern during the Proterozoic eon. Highly vesicular pumice generated by buoyant detachment of magma in subaqueous volcanism   pp129 - 132 Melissa D. Rotella, Colin J. N. Wilson, Simon J. Barker & Ian C. Wright doi:10.1038/ngeo1709 Deposits of highly vesicular pumice that blanket submarine volcanoes are often attributed to explosive eruptions. Density and textural analysis of clasts dredged from the submarine Macauley Volcano, southwest Pacific Ocean, however, reveal an eruptive style that is neither explosive nor effusive, with clasts instead forming from buoyant detachment of a magma foam. Articles Top Groundwater activity on Mars and implications for a deep biosphere   pp133 - 138 Joseph R. Michalski, Javier Cuadros, Paul B. Niles, John Parnell, A. Deanne Rogers & Shawn P. Wright doi:10.1038/ngeo1706 The subsurface of Mars could potentially have contained a vast microbial biosphere. An evaluation of the possibility of groundwater upwelling, which might provide clues to subsurface habitability, reveals evidence in the deep McLaughlin crater for clays and carbonates that probably formed in an alkaline, groundwater-fed lacustrine setting. Central West Antarctica among the most rapidly warming regions on Earth   pp139 - 145 David H. Bromwich, Julien P. Nicolas, Andrew J. Monaghan, Matthew A. Lazzara, Linda M. Keller, George A. Weidner & Aaron B. Wilson doi:10.1038/ngeo1671 The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is contributing to sea-level rise, but temperature trends in the region have remained uncertain. A complete temperature record for Byrd Station in central West Antarctica, spanning from 1958 to 2010, establishes West Antarctica as one of the fastest-warming regions globally. See also: News and Views by Steig & Orsi Atlantic Ocean CO2 uptake reduced by weakening of the meridional overturning circulation   pp146 - 152 Fiz F. Péréz, Herlé Mercier, Marcos Vázquez-Rodríguez, Pascale Lherminier, Anton Velo, Paula C. Pardo, Gabriel Rosón & Aida F. Ríos doi:10.1038/ngeo1680 Uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean declined rapidly between 1990 and 2006. An analysis of oceanographic data suggests that the slowdown of the meridional overturning circulation was largely responsible. Erratum Top Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255   p152 S. N. Sapkota, L. Bollinger, Y. Klinger, P. Tapponnier, Y. Gaudemer & D. Tiwari doi:10.1038/ngeo1720 Top Advertisement Nature Geoscience: call for papers The Nature Geoscience Editorial team is now accepting manuscripts from researchers who are active at the frontiers of this diverse and multidisciplinary field. 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