Nature contents: 31 January 2013

Can't view this email? Click here to view in your browser.     Volume 493 Number 7434      nature •Visit Nature homepage •Subscribe to Nature •View Table of Contents The science that matters. Every week.                       Academy of Military Medical Sciences - Celebrating 60 years of research at one of China's leading organizations for medical science The Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS) in Beijing has developed beyond its military heritage to become a world leader in medical science with a string of achievements in both military and civilian applications that have resonated around the globe. Find out more about the AMMS in Part 5 of the five-part series of this special sponsor feature on nature.com             Jump to the content that matters to you View Table of Contents ▶ ▼ News & Comment   ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Careers & Jobs       This week's highlights     Specials - Outlook: Heart Health     Heart disease causes almost one in three deaths worldwide. While improved diet and lifestyle play huge roles in combating the disease, discoveries about the biochemical and cellular mechanisms involved are bringing forth new treatments — from better drugs to surgery. ▼ more       Physical Sciences More Physical sciences ▼   Magnetic ratchet for three-dimensional spintronic memory and logic   In conventional microelectronic chips, digital data are stored and manipulated in two dimensions in an x–y mesh of cells. Reinoud Lavrijsen and colleagues present an experimental demonstration of a new approach that exploits the rarely used third dimension to potentially enhance the performance of future spintronic devices. The system uses a layered structure of magnetic thin films engineered to allow vertical transfer of magnetic information in an x–y–z lattice.       Earth & Environmental Sciences More Earth & Environmental sciences ▼   Divergent global precipitation changes induced by natural versus anthropogenic forcing   Climate model simulations show that warming caused by solar heating has a different effect on the East-West gradient in tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures — a key determinant of global rainfall patterns — than warming caused by greenhouse gases. This finding may help to reconcile results that were thought to be conflicting. For example, it may explain why it was wetter in the Medieval Warm Period, which was subject to higher solar radiation, despite models depicting a warmer late twentieth century due to increased greenhouse gases but with less rain.                   Congratulations to Shinya Yamanaka on winning the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent. Get to know his research by reading his outstanding State of the Art contribution to Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells in drug development.                 Biological Sciences More Biological sciences ▼   Genetic identification of C fibres that detect massage-like stroking of hairy skin in vivo   This study uses calcium imaging in live mice to show that a small population of sensory neurons in hairy skin — expressing the G protein-coupled receptor MRGPRB4 — responds to strokes from a small paintbrush intended to simulate natural stroking or grooming. Pharmacological stimulation of these neurons elicits positive reinforcing behavioural effects. These stroke-sensitive neurons resemble a type of mechanoreceptive neuron found in the skin of humans and other mammals. The discovery of this novel population of neurons opens the way to identifying molecular transduction mechanisms and neural circuitry associated with a positive affective state — or pleasure.       Podcast & Video     In this week's podcast: how cellular recycling could fight viruses, magnetic switches that can speed up smart phones, and some strange goings-on in our Solar System.         News & Comment Read daily news coverage▶ ▲top             THIS WEEK           Editorials                   Twice the price ▶     Governments and funding agencies must do more to prevent the awarding of grants to research projects with significant overlap.             Change for good ▶     The United States must boost energy spending to make its mark on the climate debate.             Inflatable friends ▶     Research balloons have taught us much about the atmosphere, and could now fly into space.             World View                   Scottish science is ready to go it alone ▶     Scientists in restless territories such as Scotland, Quebec and Catalonia should embrace change, Colin Macilwain suggests.             Seven Days                   Seven days: 25–31 January 2013 ▶     The week in science: Big science award announced; US team drills through to subglacial lake; German science minister investigated for plagiarism.           NEWS IN FOCUS           Research prize boost for Europe ▶     Graphene and virtual brain win billion-euro competition.             UK research councils could face mergers ▶     Wide-ranging review edges towards single funding pot.             Coffee rust regains foothold ▶     Researchers marshal technology in bid to thwart fungal outbreak in Central America.             Funding agencies urged to check for duplicate grants ▶     Nature probe reveals lack of oversight of researchers who win two grants for similar projects.             Magnetic logic makes for mutable chips ▶     Alternative transistor relies on exotic semiconductor.             Obama rekindles climate hopes ▶     President will use regulations to sidestep stalled Congress.             Features                   Planetary science: Caught in the act ▶     We may be seeing some of the Solar System's most striking objects during rare moments of glory.             Ocean conservation: A big fight over little fish ▶     Size limits have been a part of fisheries management for decades, but some fear that they are doing more harm than good.           COMMENT           Research funding: Same work, twice the money? ▶     Funding agencies may be paying out duplicate grants, according to an analysis by Harold R. Garner, Lauren J. McIver and Michael B. Waitzkin.             After Einstein: Scientific genius is extinct ▶     Dean Keith Simonton fears that surprising originality in the natural sciences is a thing of the past, as vast teams finesse knowledge rather than create disciplines.             Books and Arts                   Military technology: Deadly ingenuity ▶     Two takes on two generations of problem-solving 'geeks of war' fascinate Sharon Weinberger             Books in brief ▶             History of science: Elements of romance ▶     Mark Peplow explores chemistry's golden age — and its brushes with Romanticism — at London's Royal Society.             History: Creator — or creationist? ▶     Kevin Padian weighs up a life of a great science popularizer who resisted Darwinism.             Correspondence                   Revived species: how would they survive? Diogo Veríssimo & Laure Cugnière | Revived species: where will they live? J. Grant C. Hopcraft, Markus Borner & Daniel T. Haydon | Nuclear stockpile: Concern over US nuclear stewardship David Sharp & Merri Wood-Schultz | Conservation: Mauritius threatens its own biodiversity F. B. Vincent Florens | Sustainability: Sustain the future by doing more with less Brian G. Fitzgerald | Latin: Dead language still alive for botanists Adam T. Halamski | H5N1 virus: Transmission studies resume for avian flu Ron A. M. Fouchier, Adolfo García-Sastre, Yoshihiro Kawaoka & 37 co-authors           Obituary                   Carl Woese (1928–2012) ▶     Discoverer of life's third domain, the Archaea.             Correction                   Correction ▶                         Royal Society medals and awards 2013 - Call for nominations open The Royal Society's medals, awards and prize lectureships provide an opportunity for you to celebrate excellence in science among your colleagues and the scientific community. We invite you to nominate scientists who have made outstanding achievements in all areas of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. The deadline for nominations is Friday 8 February 2013. For more information please visit royalsociety.org/awards/nominations.               Biological Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Fungal biology: Multiple mating strategies ▶     Neil A. R. Gow             Neuroscience: Salty sensations ▶     Bertrand Coste & Ardem Patapoutian             Cell biology: Beneficial lessons from viruses ▶     Adolfo García-Sastre             The ‘obligate diploid’ Candida albicans forms mating-competent haploids ▶     Meleah A. Hickman, Guisheng Zeng, Anja Forche, Matthew P. Hirakawa, Darren Abbey et al.     Candida albicans is a prominent human fungal pathogen that until now was thought to be an obligate diploid; here it is shown that C. albicans can form viable haploids, that these haploids are able to mate to form heterozygous diploids, and that haploids and their auto-diploids are significantly less fit in vitro and in vivo than heterozygous progenitors or diploids formed by haploid mating pairs.             Identification of a candidate therapeutic autophagy-inducing peptide ▶     Sanae Shoji-Kawata, Rhea Sumpter, Matthew Leveno, Grant R. Campbell, Zhongju Zou et al.     A cell-permeable peptide is constructed that is derived from a region of an essential autophagy protein called beclin 1; the peptide is a potent inducer of autophagy in mammalian cells and in vivo in mice, and is effective in the clearance of several viruses.             tmc-1 encodes a sodium-sensitive channel required for salt chemosensation in C. elegans ▶     Marios Chatzigeorgiou, Sangsu Bang, Sun Wook Hwang & William R. Schafer     The membrane protein TMC-1 is required for salt avoidance behaviour in C. elegans, functions as an ion channel directly activated by NaCl in vitro and is a candidate salt chemosensor; the human homologue of TMC-1 is linked to deafness and may be the cochlear hair-cell mechanotransduction channel.             Studying arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia with patient-specific iPSCs ▶     Changsung Kim, Johnson Wong, Jianyan Wen, Shirong Wang, Cheng Wang et al.     This study demonstrates that an inheritable adult onset heart disease can be modelled in vitro within months with the help of metabolic maturation induction.             In vitro expansion of single Lgr5+ liver stem cells induced by Wnt-driven regeneration ▶     Meritxell Huch, Craig Dorrell, Sylvia F. Boj, Johan H. van Es, Vivian S. W. Li et al.     A mouse model of liver damage has identified a population of Lrg5+ liver stem cells that can generate hepatoctyes and bile ducts in vivo.             Central role of E3 ubiquitin ligase MG53 in insulin resistance and metabolic disorders ▶     Ruisheng Song, Wei Peng, Yan Zhang, Fengxiang Lv, Hong-Kun Wu et al.     MG53 acts as an E3 ligase that targets the insulin receptor and IRS1 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation; when MG53 is upregulated, metabolic syndrome ensues.             Articles and Letters                   Towards germline gene therapy of inherited mitochondrial diseases ▶     Masahito Tachibana, Paula Amato, Michelle Sparman, Joy Woodward, Dario Melguizo Sanchis et al.     Mutations in mitochondrial DNA cause a wide range of disorders in humans, with a high prevalence; here it is shown that the nucleus of an affected woman’s egg could be inserted into healthy donor egg cytoplasm by spindle transfer, allowing the birth of healthy offspring.             Nuclear genome transfer in human oocytes eliminates mitochondrial DNA variants ▶     Daniel Paull, Valentina Emmanuele, Keren A. Weiss, Nathan Treff, Latoya Stewart et al.     Nuclear genome transfer using unfertilized donor oocytes is performed and shown to be effective in preventing the transmission of mitochondrial DNA mutations; the swapped oocytes can develop to the blastocyst stage, and produce parthenogenetic embryonic stem-cell lines that show normal karyotypes and only mitochondrial DNA from the donor oocyte.             Crystal structure of Prp8 reveals active site cavity of the spliceosome ▶     Wojciech P. Galej, Chris Oubridge, Andrew J. Newman & Kiyoshi Nagai     The crystal structure of yeast Prp8 bound to a U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle assembly factor Aar2 is solved, offering insight into the architecture of the spliceosome active site, and supporting a possible common origin of eukaryotic pre-messenger-RNA splicing and group II intron splicing.             Responsive biomimetic networks from polyisocyanopeptide hydrogels ▶     Paul H. J. Kouwer, Matthieu Koepf, Vincent A. A. Le Sage, Maarten Jaspers, Arend M. van Buul et al.     Thermal transitions of polyisocyanide single molecules to polymer bundles and finally networks lead to hydrogels mimicking the properties of biopolymer intermediate-filament networks; their analysis shows that bundling and chain stiffness are crucial design parameters for hydrogels.             Deep instability of deforested tropical peatlands revealed by fluvial organic carbon fluxes ▶     Sam Moore, Chris D. Evans, Susan E. Page, Mark H. Garnett, Tim G. Jones et al.     Riverine carbon-14 measurements show that anthropogenic disturbance of peat swamp forest in southeast Asia is causing increased release of carbon that has been stored in the peat for thousands of years.             A Y-like social chromosome causes alternative colony organization in fire ants ▶     John Wang, Yannick Wurm, Mingkwan Nipitwattanaphon, Oksana Riba-Grognuz, Yu-Ching Huang et al.     Fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) are socially polymorphic, with some workers tolerating several queens in their colony and others tolerating just one; this study shows that a non-recombining supergene is responsible for this social polymorphism, and the operation of this genomic region is remarkably similar to that of sex chromosomes.             Genetic identification of C fibres that detect massage-like stroking of hairy skin in vivo  ▶     Sophia Vrontou, Allan M. Wong, Kristofer K. Rau, H. Richard Koerber & David J. Anderson     Calcium imaging in live mice shows that a rare population of unmyelinated sensory neurons—expressing the G-protein-coupled receptor MRGPRB4—responds specifically to massage-like stroking of hairy skin, with positive reinforcing behavioural effects.             NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer’s disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS1 mice ▶     Michael T. Heneka, Markus P. Kummer, Andrea Stutz, Andrea Delekate, Stephanie Schwartz et al.     Alzheimer’s-prone mice deficient in NLRP3 or caspase-1 fail to develop learning deficits and show reduced neuropathology.             Regulation of mTORC1 by the Rag GTPases is necessary for neonatal autophagy and survival ▶     Alejo Efeyan, Roberto Zoncu, Steven Chang, Iwona Gumper, Harriet Snitkin et al.     Mice expressing a constitutively active form of RagA are unable to inhibit mTORC1 after birth and to trigger autophagy, and succumb perinatally.             Visualization of splenic marginal zone B-cell shuttling and follicular B-cell egress ▶     Tal I. Arnon, Robert M. Horton, Irina L. Grigorova & Jason G. Cyster     Lymphocyte migration in the spleen is visualized live in mice using a real-time two-photon laser-scanning microscopy approach revealing that marginal zone and follicular B cells are highly motile and can shuttle between compartments, and integrin adhesion is the key to cellular retention in the marginal zone.             Reciprocal regulation of p53 and malic enzymes modulates metabolism and senescence ▶     Peng Jiang, Wenjing Du, Anthony Mancuso, Kathryn E. Wellen & Xiaolu Yang     Evidence for a link between cellular senescence and metabolic regulation is provided, through the observation that p53 represses the expression of malic enzymes, thereby regulating NADPH, lipid and glutamine metabolism; in turn, this repression further activates p53, promoting cellular senescence.             Identification of small RNA pathway genes using patterns of phylogenetic conservation and divergence ▶     Yuval Tabach, Allison C. Billi, Gabriel D. Hayes, Martin A. Newman, Or Zuk et al.     To identify comprehensively factors involved in RNAi and microRNA-mediated gene expression regulation, this study performed a phylogenetic analysis of 86 eukaryotic species; the candidates this approach highlighted were subjected to Bayesian analysis with transcriptional and proteomic interaction data, identifying protein orthologues of already known RNAi silencing factors, as well as other hits involved in splicing, suggesting a connection between the two processes.             The architecture of human general transcription factor TFIID core complex ▶     Christoph Bieniossek, Gabor Papai, Christiane Schaffitzel, Frederic Garzoni, Maxime Chaillet et al.     The structures of three distinct human transcription factor IID (TFIID) protein assemblies are solved using cryo-electron microscopy; by incorporating TAF8 and TAF10, the key structural changes that remodel TFIID during assembly are determined, particularly the transition from a symmetric core-TFIID to an asymmetric holo-complex.             Rotation mechanism of Enterococcus hirae V1-ATPase based on asymmetric crystal structures ▶     Satoshi Arai, Shinya Saijo, Kano Suzuki, Kenji Mizutani, Yoshimi Kakinuma et al.     Several crystal structures of the rotary motor of bacterial V-ATPase are solved at high resolution, representing different asymmetric structures and enabling the prediction of a model for the rotational mechanism of V1-ATPase.             News & Views                   Genetics: A social rearrangement ▶     Andrew F. G. Bourke & Judith E. Mank             Structural biology: Spliceosome's core exposed ▶     Charles C. Query & Maria M. Konarska             Fungal biology: Multiple mating strategies ▶     Neil A. R. Gow             Neuroscience: Salty sensations ▶     Bertrand Coste & Ardem Patapoutian             Cell biology: Beneficial lessons from viruses ▶     Adolfo García-Sastre             Brief Communications Arising                   Does consumption rate scale superlinearly? ▶     Henrique C. Giacomini, Brian J. Shuter, Derrick T. de Kerckhove & Peter A. Abrams             Pawar et al. reply ▶     Samraat Pawar, Anthony I. Dell & Van M. Savage             Corrigenda                   Corrigendum: Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic tools ▶     Stephen A. Smith, Nerida G. Wilson, Freya E. Goetz, Caitlin Feehery, Sónia C. S. Andrade et al.             Corrigendum: The deubiquitinase USP9X suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ▶     Pedro A. Pérez-Mancera, Alistair G. Rust, Louise van der Weyden, Glen Kristiansen, Allen Li et al.             Corrigendum: Observations of increased tropical rainfall preceded by air passage over forests ▶     D. V. Spracklen, S. R. Arnold & C. M. Taylor             Research Highlights                   Palaeontology: Toothy bird had crunchy diet | Animal behaviour: Milky Way shows beetles the light | Cancer: Mutations lurk in regulatory regions | Neuroscience: Old age, bad sleep, poor memory | Gene therapy: Gene fix does not prevent cell loss | Zoology: Turtle arrested development | Biotechniques: Cell squeezer gets molecules in | Genomics: Disease genes mutate more         NEWS & COMMENT           Research prize boost for Europe | Coffee rust regains foothold | Ocean conservation: A big fight over little fish | Research funding: Same work, twice the money? | History: Creator — or creationist? | Revived species: how would they survive? Diogo Veríssimo & Laure Cugnière | Revived species: where will they live? J. Grant C. Hopcraft, Markus Borner & Daniel T. Haydon | Conservation: Mauritius threatens its own biodiversity F. B. Vincent Florens | Latin: Dead language still alive for botanists Adam T. Halamski | H5N1 virus: Transmission studies resume for avian flu Ron A. M. Fouchier, Adolfo García-Sastre, Yoshihiro Kawaoka & 37 co-authors | Carl Woese (1928–2012)           CAREERS           Fraud by gender | Permanent jobs scarce             More Biological Sciences ▶                         Announcing Principles of Biology, a textbook for the 21st century from Nature Publishing Group Principles of Biology is a peer-reviewed, affordable textbook solution for university-level Introductory Biology courses, featuring 200+ customizable learning modules, 175+ interactive exercises, 3,000+ assessment questions, and access from laptops, smartphones, or tablets. Learn more.               Chemical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Dicalcium nitride as a two-dimensional electride with an anionic electron layer ▶     Kimoon Lee, Sung Wng Kim, Yoshitake Toda, Satoru Matsuishi & Hideo Hosono     The ionic crystal Ca2N is shown to be an electride in terms of [Ca2N]+·e−, with diffusive two-dimensional transport in dense electron layers.             Articles and Letters                   Crystal structure of Prp8 reveals active site cavity of the spliceosome ▶     Wojciech P. Galej, Chris Oubridge, Andrew J. Newman & Kiyoshi Nagai     The crystal structure of yeast Prp8 bound to a U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle assembly factor Aar2 is solved, offering insight into the architecture of the spliceosome active site, and supporting a possible common origin of eukaryotic pre-messenger-RNA splicing and group II intron splicing.             Responsive biomimetic networks from polyisocyanopeptide hydrogels ▶     Paul H. J. Kouwer, Matthieu Koepf, Vincent A. A. Le Sage, Maarten Jaspers, Arend M. van Buul et al.     Thermal transitions of polyisocyanide single molecules to polymer bundles and finally networks lead to hydrogels mimicking the properties of biopolymer intermediate-filament networks; their analysis shows that bundling and chain stiffness are crucial design parameters for hydrogels.             Deep instability of deforested tropical peatlands revealed by fluvial organic carbon fluxes ▶     Sam Moore, Chris D. Evans, Susan E. Page, Mark H. Garnett, Tim G. Jones et al.     Riverine carbon-14 measurements show that anthropogenic disturbance of peat swamp forest in southeast Asia is causing increased release of carbon that has been stored in the peat for thousands of years.             The architecture of human general transcription factor TFIID core complex ▶     Christoph Bieniossek, Gabor Papai, Christiane Schaffitzel, Frederic Garzoni, Maxime Chaillet et al.     The structures of three distinct human transcription factor IID (TFIID) protein assemblies are solved using cryo-electron microscopy; by incorporating TAF8 and TAF10, the key structural changes that remodel TFIID during assembly are determined, particularly the transition from a symmetric core-TFIID to an asymmetric holo-complex.             Rotation mechanism of Enterococcus hirae V1-ATPase based on asymmetric crystal structures ▶     Satoshi Arai, Shinya Saijo, Kano Suzuki, Kenji Mizutani, Yoshimi Kakinuma et al.     Several crystal structures of the rotary motor of bacterial V-ATPase are solved at high resolution, representing different asymmetric structures and enabling the prediction of a model for the rotational mechanism of V1-ATPase.             News & Views                   Structural biology: Spliceosome's core exposed ▶     Charles C. Query & Maria M. Konarska             Materials science: Synthetic polymers with biological rigidity ▶     Margaret Lise Gardel           NEWS & COMMENT           History of science: Elements of romance             More Chemical Sciences ▶               Physical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Solid-state physics: A new spin on spintronics ▶     Sayeef Salahuddin             Dicalcium nitride as a two-dimensional electride with an anionic electron layer ▶     Kimoon Lee, Sung Wng Kim, Yoshitake Toda, Satoru Matsuishi & Hideo Hosono     The ionic crystal Ca2N is shown to be an electride in terms of [Ca2N]+·e−, with diffusive two-dimensional transport in dense electron layers.             Magnetic-field-controlled reconfigurable semiconductor logic ▶     Sungjung Joo, Taeyueb Kim, Sang Hoon Shin, Ju Young Lim, Jinki Hong et al.     A microchannel made from InSb, which has current–voltage characteristics that are strongly dependent on the sign and magnitude of an applied magnetic field, is used to demonstrate that circuits made from such structures can be programmed — and reprogrammed — to perform elementary logic functions, such as AND, OR, NAND and NOR.             A black-hole mass measurement from molecular gas kinematics in NGC4526 ▶     Timothy A. Davis, Martin Bureau, Michele Cappellari, Marc Sarzi & Leo Blitz     In this study a supermassive black-hole mass is measured by tracing the motions of molecular gas clouds swirling around it, a technique that promises to allow measurements of black-hole mass in many more galaxies of all types than previously possible.             Articles and Letters                   Hastatic order in the heavy-fermion compound URu2Si2 ▶     Premala Chandra, Piers Coleman & Rebecca Flint     The formation of Ising quasiparticles in URu2Si2 results from ‘hastatic’ order, which breaks double time-reversal symmetry, mixing states of integer and half-integer spin, and accounts for the large entropy of condensation and the magnetic anomaly observed in torque magnetometry.             Crystal structure of Prp8 reveals active site cavity of the spliceosome ▶     Wojciech P. Galej, Chris Oubridge, Andrew J. Newman & Kiyoshi Nagai     The crystal structure of yeast Prp8 bound to a U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle assembly factor Aar2 is solved, offering insight into the architecture of the spliceosome active site, and supporting a possible common origin of eukaryotic pre-messenger-RNA splicing and group II intron splicing.             An old disk still capable of forming a planetary system ▶     Edwin A. Bergin, L. Ilsedore Cleeves, Uma Gorti, Ke Zhang, Geoffrey A. Blake et al.     In combination with existing observations and detailed circumstellar models, the detection of hydrogen deuteride emission from the star TW Hydrae implies a circumstellar disk mass of more than 0.05 solar masses, which is enough to form a planetary system like our own.             Magnetic ratchet for three-dimensional spintronic memory and logic ▶     Reinoud Lavrijsen, Ji-Hyun Lee, Amalio Fernández-Pacheco, Dorothée C. M. C. Petit, Rhodri Mansell et al.     A layered on-chip structure of magnetic thin films is engineered to permit the vertical transfer of magnetic information over near-atomic distances.             Responsive biomimetic networks from polyisocyanopeptide hydrogels ▶     Paul H. J. Kouwer, Matthieu Koepf, Vincent A. A. Le Sage, Maarten Jaspers, Arend M. van Buul et al.     Thermal transitions of polyisocyanide single molecules to polymer bundles and finally networks lead to hydrogels mimicking the properties of biopolymer intermediate-filament networks; their analysis shows that bundling and chain stiffness are crucial design parameters for hydrogels.             Deep instability of deforested tropical peatlands revealed by fluvial organic carbon fluxes ▶     Sam Moore, Chris D. Evans, Susan E. Page, Mark H. Garnett, Tim G. Jones et al.     Riverine carbon-14 measurements show that anthropogenic disturbance of peat swamp forest in southeast Asia is causing increased release of carbon that has been stored in the peat for thousands of years.             The architecture of human general transcription factor TFIID core complex ▶     Christoph Bieniossek, Gabor Papai, Christiane Schaffitzel, Frederic Garzoni, Maxime Chaillet et al.     The structures of three distinct human transcription factor IID (TFIID) protein assemblies are solved using cryo-electron microscopy; by incorporating TAF8 and TAF10, the key structural changes that remodel TFIID during assembly are determined, particularly the transition from a symmetric core-TFIID to an asymmetric holo-complex.             Rotation mechanism of Enterococcus hirae V1-ATPase based on asymmetric crystal structures ▶     Satoshi Arai, Shinya Saijo, Kano Suzuki, Kenji Mizutani, Yoshimi Kakinuma et al.     Several crystal structures of the rotary motor of bacterial V-ATPase are solved at high resolution, representing different asymmetric structures and enabling the prediction of a model for the rotational mechanism of V1-ATPase.             News & Views                   Solar physics: The planetary hypothesis revived ▶     Paul Charbonneau             Structural biology: Spliceosome's core exposed ▶     Charles C. Query & Maria M. Konarska             Materials science: Synthetic polymers with biological rigidity ▶     Margaret Lise Gardel             Condensed-matter physics: Hidden is more ▶     Qimiao Si             50 & 100 Years Ago ▶             Solid-state physics: A new spin on spintronics ▶     Sayeef Salahuddin             Research Highlights                   Materials: Trapping water from desert fog | Atmospheric science: Predicting storms in East Asia         NEWS & COMMENT           Inflatable friends | Research prize boost for Europe | Magnetic logic makes for mutable chips | Planetary science: Caught in the act | Books in brief | History of science: Elements of romance | Nuclear stockpile: Concern over US nuclear stewardship David Sharp & Merri Wood-Schultz           CAREERS           Permanent jobs scarce             More Physical Sciences ▶               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Articles and Letters                   Divergent global precipitation changes induced by natural versus anthropogenic forcing ▶     Jian Liu, Bin Wang, Mark A. Cane, So-Young Yim & June-Yi Lee     Palaeoproxy evidence shows that the sea-surface-temperature gradient across the tropical Pacific Ocean strengthened during the Medieval Warm Period but weakens in model-projected future warming; this is because solar radiation induces greater precipitation for the same temperature change than greenhouse gases.             Deep instability of deforested tropical peatlands revealed by fluvial organic carbon fluxes ▶     Sam Moore, Chris D. Evans, Susan E. Page, Mark H. Garnett, Tim G. Jones et al.     Riverine carbon-14 measurements show that anthropogenic disturbance of peat swamp forest in southeast Asia is causing increased release of carbon that has been stored in the peat for thousands of years.             News & Views                   Solar physics: The planetary hypothesis revived ▶     Paul Charbonneau             Biogeochemistry: The depths of nitrogen cycling ▶     Maren Voss & Susanna Hietanen             Brief Communications Arising                   Does consumption rate scale superlinearly? ▶     Henrique C. Giacomini, Brian J. Shuter, Derrick T. de Kerckhove & Peter A. Abrams             Pawar et al. reply ▶     Samraat Pawar, Anthony I. Dell & Van M. Savage             Corrigendum                   Corrigendum: Observations of increased tropical rainfall preceded by air passage over forests ▶     D. V. Spracklen, S. R. Arnold & C. M. Taylor             Research Highlights                   Palaeontology: Toothy bird had crunchy diet | Atmospheric science: Predicting storms in East Asia         NEWS & COMMENT           Change for good | Obama rekindles climate hopes | Planetary science: Caught in the act | Ocean conservation: A big fight over little fish | Revived species: how would they survive? Diogo Veríssimo & Laure Cugnière | Revived species: where will they live? J. Grant C. Hopcraft, Markus Borner & Daniel T. Haydon | Conservation: Mauritius threatens its own biodiversity F. B. Vincent Florens | Sustainability: Sustain the future by doing more with less Brian G. 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