Nature Climate Change Contents February 2013 Volume 3 Number 2 pp 89-171

TABLE OF CONTENTS February 2013 Volume 3, Issue 2 Editorial Commentary News Feature Market Watch Research Highlights News and Views Perspective Review Article Letters Articles Erratum Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Recommend Environmental Taxes and Fiscal Reform to your librarian. An up-to-date evaluation of environmental tax reforms, examining how such taxes can help to meet both environmental and economic goals.   Editorial Top Getting to grips with risk p89 doi:10.1038/nclimate1824 More commitment is needed in assessing and responding to climate-related risk. California dreaming p89 doi:10.1038/nclimate1825 California's newly inaugurated carbon-trading scheme should contribute to a cleaner, greener future. Commentary Top A blind spot in climate change vulnerability assessments pp91 - 93 Stacy L. Small-Lorenz, Leah A. Culp, T. Brandt Ryder, Tom C. Will and Peter P. Marra doi:10.1038/nclimate1810 Climate change vulnerability assessments are becoming mainstream decision support tools for conservation in the US, but they may be doing migratory species a disservice. News Feature Top Lost in transition pp94 - 95 Elisabeth Jeffries doi:10.1038/nclimate1813 Disputes over intellectual property rights can delay the spread of clean technologies to the developing world, but they are not wholly to blame. Market Watch Top Oblivious money-men pp96 - 97 Anna Petherick doi:10.1038/nclimate1814 With proper forethought, climate finance could cut gender inequity and consequentially become more economically efficient. But the opposite may happen if funds ignore the issue, warns Anna Petherick. Research Highlights Top Natural hazards: Perception to action | Adaptation: Preparing for droughts | Policy: Mitigation cost estimates | Paleoclimate: Long-term relationship | Atmospheric science: Aerosol impacts News and Views Top Alternative energy: Plenty of wind pp99 - 100 Daniel Kirk-Davidoff doi:10.1038/nclimate1809 By exerting a drag on the atmosphere, wind turbines convert a fraction of the atmosphere's kinetic energy to electrical energy. To find the point of diminishing returns, a new study adds so much drag to a simulated atmosphere that the winds slow to a crawl. See also: Letter by Kate Marvel et al. Psychology: Inducing green behaviour pp100 - 101 John Thøgersen doi:10.1038/nclimate1808 Economic arguments, such as saving money, are often used to promote pro-environmental actions — for example, reducing energy use. However, research shows that people's environmental motives are sometimes better drivers of behavioural change. See also: Letter by Laurel Evans et al. Environmental epidemiology: Fluctuating temperature effects pp101 - 103 Ross A. Alford doi:10.1038/nclimate1812 Relationships between hosts, parasites and pathogens may be strongly affected by changing patterns of temperature variation. See also: Letter by Thomas R. Raffel et al. Nature Climate Change JOBS of the week NERC PhD Studentship: Boreal Forest Dynamics in a Changing Climate University of Exeter California Climate Scientist Union of Concerned Scientists Postdoctoral Fellowship in Global Change Johns Hopkins University Student Assistant (Project Employment) University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Air Quality and Desert Clean-Up Technician The Great Basin Institute More Science jobs from Nature Climate Change EVENT World Forests Summit 05.03.13 Stockholm, Sweden More science events from   Perspective Top Last chance for carbon capture and storage pp105 - 111 Vivian Scott, Stuart Gilfillan, Nils Markusson, Hannah Chalmers and R. Stuart Haszeldine doi:10.1038/nclimate1695 Carbon capture and storage is a climate mitigation technology designed to reduce emissions from fossil-fuel power plants and industrial sources. This Perspective argues that the very limited implementation of carbon capture and storage technology so far is largely the result of political, economic and social factors, rather than a technological inability to deliver. Review Article Top Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation pp112 - 117 W. Neil Adger, Jon Barnett, Katrina Brown, Nadine Marshall and Karen O'Brien doi:10.1038/nclimate1666 Political and media debate on the existence and causes of climate change often rests on claims about what most citizens really think. New research demonstrates that people overestimate how common their own opinion is, and when they do they are less likely to change their view. People also overestimate how many reject the existence of climate change. Letters Top Geophysical limits to global wind power pp118 - 121 Kate Marvel, Ben Kravitz and Ken Caldeira doi:10.1038/nclimate1683 Wind power is a near-zero-emissions source of energy. Although at present wind turbines are placed on the Earth’s surface, high-altitude winds offer greater possibilities for power generation. This study uses a climate model to estimate power generation for both surface and high-altitude winds, and finds that the latter provide much more power, but at a possible climate cost. However, there are unlikely to be substantial climate effects in meeting the present global demand. Self-interest and pro-environmental behaviour pp122 - 125 Laurel Evans, Gregory R. Maio, Adam Corner, Carl J. Hodgetts, Sameera Ahmed and Ulrike Hahn doi:10.1038/nclimate1662 Campaigns to promote pro-environmental behaviour usually emphasize self-interested reasons for engaging with a self-transcendent cause such as protecting the environment. However, psychological evidence suggests that this approach may fail to stimulate other, different, environmental behaviours. Research shows that communicating self-transcending motives for car-sharing increases recycling rates, whereas presenting self-interested reasons alone, or combined with self-transcending motives, does not. Robust projections of combined humidity and temperature extremes pp126 - 130 E. M. Fischer and R. Knutti doi:10.1038/nclimate1682 This study investigates uncertainties in impact assessments when using climate projections. The uncertainties in health-related metrics combining temperature and humidity are much smaller than if the uncertainties in the two variables were independent. The finding reveals the potential for joint assessment of projection uncertainties in other variables used in impact studies. El Niño and health risks from landscape fire emissions in southeast Asia pp131 - 136 Miriam E. Marlier, Ruth S. DeFries, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Patrick L. Kinney, James T. Randerson, Drew T. Shindell, Yang Chen and Greg Faluvegi doi:10.1038/nclimate1658 Emissions from landscape fires affect both climate and air quality. This study uses satellite-derived fire estimates and atmospheric modelling to quantify the effects on health from fire emissions in southeast Asia from 1997 to 2006. Strong El Nino years are found to increase the incidence of fires, in addition to those caused by anthropogenic land use change, leading to an additional 200 days per year when the WHO atmospheric particle target is exceeded and increase adult mortality by 2%. Reducing regional deforestation and degradation, and thereby forest fires caused by land use change would therefore improve public health. Major flood disturbance alters river ecosystem evolution pp137 - 141 Alexander M. Milner, Anne L. Robertson, Michael J. McDermott, Megan J. Klaar and Lee E. Brown doi:10.1038/nclimate1665 Prediction of how climate-altered flooding regimes will affect stream channels and their communities has been limited by a lack of long-term baseline data sets across different organismal groups. Research based on 30 years of monitoring data now shows that salmon, macroinvertebrate and meiofauna communities display markedly different responses following a major flooding event. Climate-driven changes in northeastern US butterfly communities pp142 - 145 Greg A. Breed, Sharon Stichter and Elizabeth E. Crone doi:10.1038/nclimate1663 Climate-induced range shifts have been detected in a number of European species for which long-term survey data are available. In North America, well-organized long-term data needed to document such shifts are much less common. Now observations made by ‘citizen scientists’ help to demonstrate that a major, climate-induced shift of North American butterflies is underway. Disease and thermal acclimation in a more variable and unpredictable climate pp146 - 151 Thomas R. Raffel, John M. Romansic, Neal T. Halstead, Taegan A. McMahon, Matthew D. Venesky and Jason R. Rohr doi:10.1038/nclimate1659 Few studies have considered the effects of changes in climatic variability on disease incidence. Now research based on laboratory experiments and field data from Latin America shows that frog susceptibility to the pathogenic chytrid fungus is influenced by temperature variation and predictability through effects on host and parasite acclimation. Blanket peat biome endangered by climate change pp152 - 155 Angela V. Gallego-Sala and I. Colin Prentice doi:10.1038/nclimate1672 Blanket bog—characterized by an almost complete landscape covering of undecayed organic peat—is a highly distinctive biome restricted to regions that experience hyperoceanic climatic conditions. Bioclimatic modelling suggests there will be a dramatic shrinkage of the available climatic space for blanket bogs with only a few, restricted areas of persistence. Ocean acidification causes ecosystem shifts via altered competitive interactions pp156 - 159 Kristy J. Kroeker, Fiorenza Micheli and Maria Cristina Gambi doi:10.1038/nclimate1680 Ocean acidification can alter competitive dynamics between species. Although calcareous species recruited and grew at similar rates to fleshy seaweeds in ambient and low pH conditions, at later stages, in low pH, they were rapidly overgrown. These results suggest that changes in competitive balance could indirectly lead to profound ecosystem changes in an acidified ocean. Nutrient enrichment can increase the susceptibility of reef corals to bleaching pp160 - 164 Jörg Wiedenmann, Cecilia D’Angelo, Edward G. Smith, Alan N. Hunt, François-Eric Legiret, Anthony D. Postle and Eric P. Achterberg doi:10.1038/nclimate1661 Increased dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations in sea water have been linked to a reduction of the temperature threshold at which corals bleach, however, the mechanism underlying this change is not known. This phenomenon is now explained in terms of increased phosphatase activities and imbalanced DIN supply resulting in phosphate starvation of algael symbionts. ArticleS Top Limiting global warming to 2 °C is unlikely to save most coral reefs pp165 - 170 K. Frieler, M. Meinshausen, A. Golly, M. Mengel, K. Lebek, S. D. Donner and O. Hoegh-Guldberg doi:10.1038/nclimate1674 Comprehensive computer simulations show that coral reefs are likely to suffer extensive long-term degradation resulting from mass bleaching events even if the expected increase in global mean temperature can be kept well below 2 °C. Without major mitigation efforts to limit global warming significantly, the fate of coral reef ecosystems seems to be sealed.   Erratum Top Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models p171 Aiguo Dai doi:10.1038/nclimate1811 Advertisement Stay connected to Nature Climate Change on Facebook and Twitter.   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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